Add basic structure of podman init command

As part of this, rework the number of workers used by various
Podman tasks to match original behavior - need an explicit
fallthrough in the switch statement for that block to work as
expected.

Also, trivial change to Podman cleanup to work on initialized
containers - we need to reset to a different state after cleaning
up the OCI runtime.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Heon <matthew.heon@pm.me>

17 files changed, 369 insertions, 6 deletions

diff --git a/cmd/podman/cliconfig/config.go b/cmd/podman/cliconfig/config.go
index 77156f47a..43ba7ddc9 100644
--- a/cmd/podman/cliconfig/config.go
+++ b/cmd/podman/cliconfig/config.go
@@ -177,6 +177,12 @@ type InfoValues struct {
 	Format string
 }
 
+type InitValues struct {
+	PodmanCommand
+	All    bool
+	Latest bool
+}
+
 type InspectValues struct {
 	PodmanCommand
 	TypeObject string
diff --git a/cmd/podman/container.go b/cmd/podman/container.go
index b3058bf12..4dd9cbed6 100644
--- a/cmd/podman/container.go
+++ b/cmd/podman/container.go
@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ var (
 		_diffCommand,
 		_exportCommand,
 		_createCommand,
+		_initCommand,
 		_killCommand,
 		_listSubCommand,
 		_logsCommand,
diff --git a/cmd/podman/init.go b/cmd/podman/init.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68c80631d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cmd/podman/init.go
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"github.com/containers/libpod/cmd/podman/cliconfig"
+	"github.com/containers/libpod/pkg/adapter"
+	"github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var (
+	initCommand     cliconfig.InitValues
+	initDescription = `Initialize one or more containers, creating the OCI spec and mounts for inspection. Container names or IDs can be used.`
+
+	_initCommand = &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "init [flags] CONTAINER [CONTAINER...]",
+		Short: "Initialize one or more containers",
+		Long:  initDescription,
+		RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			initCommand.InputArgs = args
+			initCommand.GlobalFlags = MainGlobalOpts
+			initCommand.Remote = remoteclient
+			return initCmd(&initCommand)
+		},
+		Args: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			return checkAllAndLatest(cmd, args, false)
+		},
+		Example: `podman init --latest
+  podman init 3c45ef19d893
+  podman init test1`,
+	}
+)
+
+func init() {
+	initCommand.Command = _initCommand
+	initCommand.SetHelpTemplate(HelpTemplate())
+	initCommand.SetUsageTemplate(UsageTemplate())
+	flags := initCommand.Flags()
+	flags.BoolVarP(&initCommand.All, "all", "a", false, "Initialize all containers")
+	flags.BoolVarP(&initCommand.Latest, "latest", "l", false, "Act on the latest container podman is aware of")
+	markFlagHiddenForRemoteClient("latest", flags)
+}
+
+// initCmd initializes a container
+func initCmd(c *cliconfig.InitValues) error {
+	if c.Bool("trace") {
+		span, _ := opentracing.StartSpanFromContext(Ctx, "initCmd")
+		defer span.Finish()
+	}
+
+	ctx := getContext()
+
+	runtime, err := adapter.GetRuntime(ctx, &c.PodmanCommand)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "could not get runtime")
+	}
+	defer runtime.Shutdown(false)
+
+	ok, failures, err := runtime.InitContainers(ctx, c)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return printCmdResults(ok, failures)
+}
diff --git a/cmd/podman/main.go b/cmd/podman/main.go
index f501ee674..7d2138ba7 100644
--- a/cmd/podman/main.go
+++ b/cmd/podman/main.go
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ var mainCommands = []*cobra.Command{
 	&_imagesCommand,
 	_importCommand,
 	_infoCommand,
+	_initCommand,
 	&_inspectCommand,
 	_killCommand,
 	_loadCommand,
diff --git a/cmd/podman/shared/workers.go b/cmd/podman/shared/workers.go
index 112af89cc..b6e3f10e7 100644
--- a/cmd/podman/shared/workers.go
+++ b/cmd/podman/shared/workers.go
@@ -110,9 +110,14 @@ func (p *Pool) newWorker(slot int) {
 func DefaultPoolSize(name string) int {
 	numCpus := runtime.NumCPU()
 	switch name {
+	case "init":
+		fallthrough
 	case "kill":
+		fallthrough
 	case "pause":
+		fallthrough
 	case "rm":
+		fallthrough
 	case "unpause":
 		if numCpus <= 3 {
 			return numCpus * 3
diff --git a/cmd/podman/varlink/io.podman.varlink b/cmd/podman/varlink/io.podman.varlink
index 309f9765a..1b6113b7c 100644
--- a/cmd/podman/varlink/io.podman.varlink
+++ b/cmd/podman/varlink/io.podman.varlink
@@ -641,6 +641,14 @@ method StartContainer(name: string) -> (container: string)
 # ~~~
 method StopContainer(name: string, timeout: int) -> (container: string)
 
+# InitContainer initializes the given container. It accepts a container name or
+# ID, and will initialize the container matching that ID if possible, and error
+# if not. Containers can only be initialized when they are in the Created or
+# Exited states. Initialization prepares a container to be started, but does not
+# start the container. It is intended to be used to debug a container's state
+# prior to starting it.
+method InitContainer(name: string) -> (container: string)
+
 # RestartContainer will restart a running container given a container name or ID and timeout value. The timeout
 # value is the time before a forcible stop is used to stop the container.  If the container cannot be found by
 # name or ID, a [ContainerNotFound](#ContainerNotFound)  error will be returned; otherwise, the ID of the
diff --git a/commands.md b/commands.md
index 1c05640f2..88290dc1d 100644
--- a/commands.md
+++ b/commands.md
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ Command                                                                  | Descr
 [podman-images(1)](/docs/podman-images.1.md)                             | List images in local storage                                               | [![...](/docs/play.png)](https://podman.io/asciinema/podman/images/) | [Here](https://github.com/containers/Demos/blob/master/podman_cli/podman_images.sh)
 [podman-import(1)](/docs/podman-import.1.md)                             | Import a tarball and save it as a filesystem image                         |
 [podman-info(1)](/docs/podman-info.1.md)                                 | Display system information                                                 |
+[podman-init(1)](/docs/podman-init.1.md)                                 | Initialize a container                                                     |
 [podman-inspect(1)](/docs/podman-inspect.1.md)                           | Display the configuration of a container or image                          | [![...](/docs/play.png)](https://asciinema.org/a/133418)
 [podman-kill(1)](/docs/podman-kill.1.md)                                 | Kill the main process in one or more running containers                    |
 [podman-load(1)](/docs/podman-load.1.md)                                 | Load an image from a container image archive                               |
diff --git a/completions/bash/podman b/completions/bash/podman
index b5963f8b9..a02a47190 100644
--- a/completions/bash/podman
+++ b/completions/bash/podman
@@ -780,6 +780,10 @@ _podman_container_export() {
      _podman_export
 }
 
+_podman_container_init() {
+     _podman_init
+}
+
 _podman_container_inspect() {
      _podman_inspect
 }
@@ -2223,6 +2227,27 @@ _podman_ps() {
      _complete_ "$options_with_args" "$boolean_options"
 }
 
+_podman_init() {
+    local boolean_options="
+        --all
+        -a
+        --help
+        -h
+        --latest
+        -l
+    "
+    local options_with_args="
+    "
+    case "$cur" in
+        -*)
+	    COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W "$boolean_options $options_with_args" -- "$cur"))
+            ;;
+        *)
+            __podman_complete_containers_unpauseable
+	    ;;
+    esac
+}
+
 _podman_start() {
      local options_with_args="
      --detach-keys
diff --git a/docs/podman-container.1.md b/docs/podman-container.1.md
index 1ba957480..564d791fa 100644
--- a/docs/podman-container.1.md
+++ b/docs/podman-container.1.md
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ The container command allows you to manage containers
 | exec       | [podman-exec(1)](podman-exec.1.md)                  | Execute a command in a running container.                                    |
 | exists     | [podman-container-exists(1)](podman-container-exists.1.md)  | Check if a container exists in local storage                         |
 | export     | [podman-export(1)](podman-export.1.md)              | Export a container's filesystem contents as a tar archive.                   |
+| init       | [podman-init(1)](podman-init.1.md)                  | Initialize a container                                                       |
 | inspect    | [podman-inspect(1)](podman-inspect.1.md)            | Display a container or image's configuration.                                |
 | kill       | [podman-kill(1)](podman-kill.1.md)                  | Kill the main process in one or more containers.                             |
 | list       | [podman-ps(1)](podman-ps.1.md)                      | List the containers on the system.(alias ls)                                 |
diff --git a/docs/podman-init.1.md b/docs/podman-init.1.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aff7a833d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/podman-init.1.md
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+% podman-init(1)
+
+## NAME
+podman\-init - Initialize one or more containers
+
+## SYNOPSIS
+**podman init** [*options*] *container* ...
+
+## DESCRIPTION
+Initialize one or more containers.
+You may use container IDs or names as input.
+Initializing a container performs all tasks necessary for starting the container (mounting filesystems, creating an OCI spec, initializing the container network) but does not start the container.
+If a container is not initialized, the `podman start` and `podman run` commands will do so automatically prior to starting it.
+This command is intended to be used for inspecting or modifying the container's filesystem or OCI spec prior to starting it.
+This can be used to inspect the container before it runs, or debug why a container is failing to run.
+
+## OPTIONS
+
+**--all, a**
+
+Initialize all containers. Containers that have already initialized (including containers that have been started and are running) are ignored.
+
+**--latest, -l**
+Instead of providing the container name or ID, use the last created container. If you use methods other than Podman
+to run containers such as CRI-O, the last started container could be from either of those methods.
+
+The latest option is not supported on the remote client.
+
+## EXAMPLE
+
+podman init 35480fc9d568
+
+podman init test1
+
+podman init --latest
+
+## SEE ALSO
+podman(1), podman-start(1)
+
+## HISTORY
+April 2019, Originally compiled by Matthew Heon <mheon@redhat.com>
diff --git a/docs/podman.1.md b/docs/podman.1.md
index 9c0ca8a7a..ef12cf1cc 100644
--- a/docs/podman.1.md
+++ b/docs/podman.1.md
@@ -147,6 +147,7 @@ the exit codes follow the `chroot` standard, see below:
 | [podman-images(1)](podman-images.1.md)    | List images in local storage.                                                  |
 | [podman-import(1)](podman-import.1.md)    | Import a tarball and save it as a filesystem image.                            |
 | [podman-info(1)](podman-info.1.md)        | Displays Podman related system information.                                    |
+| [podman-init(1)](podman-init.1.md)        | Initialize a container                                                         |
 | [podman-inspect(1)](podman-inspect.1.md)  | Display a container or image's configuration.                                  |
 | [podman-kill(1)](podman-kill.1.md)        | Kill the main process in one or more containers.                               |
 | [podman-load(1)](podman-load.1.md)        | Load an image from a container image archive into container storage.           |
diff --git a/libpod/container_api.go b/libpod/container_api.go
index 465b23831..5bfd869b3 100644
--- a/libpod/container_api.go
+++ b/libpod/container_api.go
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func (c *Container) Init(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	if !(c.state.State == ContainerStateConfigured ||
 		c.state.State == ContainerStateStopped ||
 		c.state.State == ContainerStateExited) {
-		return errors.Wrapf(ErrCtrExists, "container %s has already been created in runtime", c.ID())
+		return errors.Wrapf(ErrCtrStateInvalid, "container %s has already been created in runtime", c.ID())
 	}
 
 	// don't recursively start
diff --git a/libpod/container_internal.go b/libpod/container_internal.go
index 927b71b2b..d0fbc10fe 100644
--- a/libpod/container_internal.go
+++ b/libpod/container_internal.go
@@ -811,8 +811,9 @@ func (c *Container) cleanupRuntime(ctx context.Context) error {
 	span.SetTag("struct", "container")
 	defer span.Finish()
 
-	// If the container is not ContainerStateStopped, do nothing
-	if c.state.State != ContainerStateStopped {
+	// If the container is not ContainerStateStopped or
+	// ContainerStateCreated, do nothing.
+	if c.state.State != ContainerStateStopped && c.state.State != ContainerStateCreated {
 		return nil
 	}
 
@@ -825,9 +826,14 @@ func (c *Container) cleanupRuntime(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	// Our state is now Exited, as we've removed ourself from
-	// the runtime.
-	c.state.State = ContainerStateExited
+	// If we were Stopped, we are now Exited, as we've removed ourself
+	// from the runtime.
+	// If we were Created, we are now Configured.
+	if c.state.State == ContainerStateStopped {
+		c.state.State = ContainerStateExited
+	} else if c.state.State == ContainerStateCreated {
+		c.state.State = ContainerStateConfigured
+	}
 
 	if c.valid {
 		if err := c.save(); err != nil {
diff --git a/pkg/adapter/containers.go b/pkg/adapter/containers.go
index 9ec897a60..8be4d9d31 100644
--- a/pkg/adapter/containers.go
+++ b/pkg/adapter/containers.go
@@ -133,6 +133,43 @@ func (r *LocalRuntime) KillContainers(ctx context.Context, cli *cliconfig.KillVa
 	return pool.Run()
 }
 
+// InitContainers initializes container(s) based on CLI inputs.
+// Returns list of successful id(s), map of failed id(s) to errors, or a general
+// error not from the container.
+func (r *LocalRuntime) InitContainers(ctx context.Context, cli *cliconfig.InitValues) ([]string, map[string]error, error) {
+	maxWorkers := shared.DefaultPoolSize("init")
+	if cli.GlobalIsSet("max-workers") {
+		maxWorkers = cli.GlobalFlags.MaxWorks
+	}
+	logrus.Debugf("Setting maximum init workers to %d", maxWorkers)
+
+	ctrs, err := shortcuts.GetContainersByContext(cli.All, cli.Latest, cli.InputArgs, r.Runtime)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	pool := shared.NewPool("init", maxWorkers, len(ctrs))
+	for _, c := range ctrs {
+		ctr := c
+
+		pool.Add(shared.Job{
+			ctr.ID(),
+			func() error {
+				err := ctr.Init(ctx)
+				if err != nil {
+					// If we're initializing all containers, ignore invalid state errors
+					if cli.All && errors.Cause(err) == libpod.ErrCtrStateInvalid {
+						return nil
+					}
+					return err
+				}
+				return nil
+			},
+		})
+	}
+	return pool.Run()
+}
+
 // RemoveContainers removes container(s) based on CLI inputs.
 func (r *LocalRuntime) RemoveContainers(ctx context.Context, cli *cliconfig.RmValues) ([]string, map[string]error, error) {
 	var (
diff --git a/pkg/adapter/containers_remote.go b/pkg/adapter/containers_remote.go
index a3a48a564..268ac09e8 100644
--- a/pkg/adapter/containers_remote.go
+++ b/pkg/adapter/containers_remote.go
@@ -234,6 +234,31 @@ func (r *LocalRuntime) StopContainers(ctx context.Context, cli *cliconfig.StopVa
 	return ok, failures, nil
 }
 
+// InitContainers initializes container(s) based on Varlink.
+// It returns a list of successful ID(s), a map of failed container ID to error,
+// or an error if a more general error occurred.
+func (r *LocalRuntime) InitContainers(ctx context.Context, cli *cliconfig.InitValues) ([]string, map[string]error, error) {
+	var (
+		ok       = []string{}
+		failures = map[string]error{}
+	)
+
+	ids, err := iopodman.GetContainersByContext().Call(r.Conn, cli.All, cli.Latest, cli.InputArgs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	for _, id := range ids {
+		initialized, err := iopodman.InitContainer().Call(r.Conn, id)
+		if err != nil {
+			failures[id] = err
+		} else {
+			ok = append(ok, initialized)
+		}
+	}
+	return ok, failures, nil
+}
+
 // KillContainers sends signal to container(s) based on varlink.
 // Returns list of successful id(s), map of failed id(s) + error, or error not from container
 func (r *LocalRuntime) KillContainers(ctx context.Context, cli *cliconfig.KillValues, signal syscall.Signal) ([]string, map[string]error, error) {
diff --git a/pkg/varlinkapi/containers.go b/pkg/varlinkapi/containers.go
index 872c7bc26..861e3210b 100644
--- a/pkg/varlinkapi/containers.go
+++ b/pkg/varlinkapi/containers.go
@@ -365,6 +365,18 @@ func (i *LibpodAPI) StartContainer(call iopodman.VarlinkCall, name string) error
 	return call.ReplyStartContainer(ctr.ID())
 }
 
+// InitContainer initializes the container given by Varlink.
+func (i *LibpodAPI) InitContainer(call iopodman.VarlinkCall, name string) error {
+	ctr, err := i.Runtime.LookupContainer(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return call.ReplyContainerNotFound(name, err.Error())
+	}
+	if err := ctr.Init(getContext()); err != nil {
+		return call.ReplyErrorOccurred(err.Error())
+	}
+	return call.ReplyInitContainer(ctr.ID())
+}
+
 // StopContainer ...
 func (i *LibpodAPI) StopContainer(call iopodman.VarlinkCall, name string, timeout int64) error {
 	ctr, err := i.Runtime.LookupContainer(name)
diff --git a/test/e2e/init_test.go b/test/e2e/init_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5865930a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/e2e/init_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package integration
+
+import (
+	"os"
+
+	. "github.com/containers/libpod/test/utils"
+	. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo"
+	. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
+)
+
+var _ = Describe("Podman init", func() {
+	var (
+		tempdir    string
+		err        error
+		podmanTest *PodmanTestIntegration
+	)
+
+	BeforeEach(func() {
+		tempdir, err = CreateTempDirInTempDir()
+		if err != nil {
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		podmanTest = PodmanTestCreate(tempdir)
+		podmanTest.Setup()
+		podmanTest.RestoreAllArtifacts()
+	})
+
+	AfterEach(func() {
+		podmanTest.Cleanup()
+		f := CurrentGinkgoTestDescription()
+		processTestResult(f)
+
+	})
+
+	It("podman init bogus container", func() {
+		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"start", "123456"})
+		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(125))
+	})
+
+	It("podman init with no arguments", func() {
+		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"start"})
+		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(125))
+	})
+
+	It("podman init single container by ID", func() {
+		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "-d", ALPINE, "ls"})
+		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		cid := session.OutputToString()
+		init := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"init", cid})
+		init.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(init.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"inspect", cid})
+		result.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(result.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		conData := result.InspectContainerToJSON()
+		Expect(conData[0].State.Status).To(Equal("created"))
+	})
+
+	It("podman init single container by name", func() {
+		name := "test1"
+		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--name", name, "-d", ALPINE, "ls"})
+		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		init := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"init", name})
+		init.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(init.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"inspect", name})
+		result.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(result.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		conData := result.InspectContainerToJSON()
+		Expect(conData[0].State.Status).To(Equal("created"))
+	})
+
+	It("podman init latest container", func() {
+		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "-d", ALPINE, "ls"})
+		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		init := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"init", "--latest"})
+		init.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(init.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"inspect", "--latest"})
+		result.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(result.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		conData := result.InspectContainerToJSON()
+		Expect(conData[0].State.Status).To(Equal("created"))
+	})
+
+	It("podman init all three containers, one running", func() {
+		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--name", "test1", "-d", ALPINE, "ls"})
+		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		session2 := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--name", "test2", "-d", ALPINE, "ls"})
+		session2.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session2.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		session3 := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"run", "--name", "test3", "-d", ALPINE, "top"})
+		session3.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session3.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		init := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"init", "--all"})
+		init.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(init.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"inspect", "test1"})
+		result.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(result.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		conData := result.InspectContainerToJSON()
+		Expect(conData[0].State.Status).To(Equal("created"))
+		result2 := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"inspect", "test2"})
+		result2.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(result2.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		conData2 := result2.InspectContainerToJSON()
+		Expect(conData2[0].State.Status).To(Equal("created"))
+		result3 := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"inspect", "test3"})
+		result3.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(result3.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		conData3 := result3.InspectContainerToJSON()
+		Expect(conData3[0].State.Status).To(Equal("running"))
+	})
+
+	It("podman init running container errors", func() {
+		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"run", "-d", ALPINE, "top"})
+		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		init := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"init", "--latest"})
+		init.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(init.ExitCode()).To(Equal(125))
+	})
+})