k8systemd: run k8s workloads in systemd

Support running `podman play kube` in systemd by exploiting the
previously added "service containers".  During `play kube`, a service
container is started before all the pods and containers, and is stopped
last.  The service container communicates its conmon PID via sdnotify.

Add a new systemd template to dispatch such k8s workloads.  The argument
of the template is the path to the k8s file.  Note that the path must be
escaped for systemd not to bark:

Let's assume we have a `top.yaml` file in the home directory:
```
$ escaped=$(systemd-escape ~/top.yaml)
$ systemctl --user start podman-play-kube@$escaped.service
```

Closes: https://issues.redhat.com/browse/RUN-1287
Signed-off-by: Valentin Rothberg <vrothberg@redhat.com>

14 files changed, 248 insertions, 30 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index f6eee2fe0..7fd55a663 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 /build/
 /conmon/
 contrib/spec/podman.spec
+contrib/systemd/*/*.service
 *.coverprofile
 coverprofile
 /.coverage
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 3f9d56025..de49451de 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -832,7 +832,8 @@ install.docker-full: install.docker install.docker-docs
 ifneq (,$(findstring systemd,$(BUILDTAGS)))
 PODMAN_UNIT_FILES = contrib/systemd/auto-update/podman-auto-update.service \
 		    contrib/systemd/system/podman.service \
-		    contrib/systemd/system/podman-restart.service
+		    contrib/systemd/system/podman-restart.service \
+		    contrib/systemd/system/podman-play-kube@.service
 
 %.service: %.service.in
 	sed -e 's;@@PODMAN@@;$(BINDIR)/podman;g' $< >$@.tmp.$$ \
@@ -846,12 +847,14 @@ install.systemd: $(PODMAN_UNIT_FILES)
 	install ${SELINUXOPT} -m 644 contrib/systemd/system/podman.socket ${DESTDIR}${USERSYSTEMDDIR}/podman.socket
 	install ${SELINUXOPT} -m 644 contrib/systemd/system/podman.service ${DESTDIR}${USERSYSTEMDDIR}/podman.service
 	install ${SELINUXOPT} -m 644 contrib/systemd/system/podman-restart.service ${DESTDIR}${USERSYSTEMDDIR}/podman-restart.service
+	install ${SELINUXOPT} -m 644 contrib/systemd/system/podman-play-kube@.service ${DESTDIR}${USERSYSTEMDDIR}/podman-play-kube@.service
 	# System services
 	install ${SELINUXOPT} -m 644 contrib/systemd/auto-update/podman-auto-update.service ${DESTDIR}${SYSTEMDDIR}/podman-auto-update.service
 	install ${SELINUXOPT} -m 644 contrib/systemd/auto-update/podman-auto-update.timer ${DESTDIR}${SYSTEMDDIR}/podman-auto-update.timer
 	install ${SELINUXOPT} -m 644 contrib/systemd/system/podman.socket ${DESTDIR}${SYSTEMDDIR}/podman.socket
 	install ${SELINUXOPT} -m 644 contrib/systemd/system/podman.service ${DESTDIR}${SYSTEMDDIR}/podman.service
 	install ${SELINUXOPT} -m 644 contrib/systemd/system/podman-restart.service ${DESTDIR}${SYSTEMDDIR}/podman-restart.service
+	install ${SELINUXOPT} -m 644 contrib/systemd/system/podman-play-kube@.service ${DESTDIR}${SYSTEMDDIR}/podman-play-kube@.service
 	rm -f $(PODMAN_UNIT_FILES)
 else
 install.systemd:
diff --git a/contrib/systemd/system/podman-play-kube@.service.in b/contrib/systemd/system/podman-play-kube@.service.in
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..824f71eb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/systemd/system/podman-play-kube@.service.in
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=A template for running K8s workloads via podman-play-kube
+Documentation=man:podman-play-kube(1)
+Wants=network-online.target
+After=network-online.target
+RequiresMountsFor=%t/containers
+
+[Service]
+Environment=PODMAN_SYSTEMD_UNIT=%n
+Restart=never
+TimeoutStopSec=70
+ExecStart=@@PODMAN@@ play kube --replace --service-container=true %I
+ExecStop=@@PODMAN@@ play kube --down %I
+Type=notify
+NotifyAccess=all
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=default.target
diff --git a/libpod/container_inspect.go b/libpod/container_inspect.go
index 5d809644d..93240812d 100644
--- a/libpod/container_inspect.go
+++ b/libpod/container_inspect.go
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ func (c *Container) getContainerInspectData(size bool, driverData *define.Driver
 		Mounts:          inspectMounts,
 		Dependencies:    c.Dependencies(),
 		IsInfra:         c.IsInfra(),
-		IsService:       c.isService(),
+		IsService:       c.IsService(),
 	}
 
 	if c.state.ConfigPath != "" {
diff --git a/libpod/container_validate.go b/libpod/container_validate.go
index d939c94e6..cfbdd2b1e 100644
--- a/libpod/container_validate.go
+++ b/libpod/container_validate.go
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func (c *Container) validate() error {
 
 	// A container cannot be marked as an infra and service container at
 	// the same time.
-	if c.IsInfra() && c.isService() {
+	if c.IsInfra() && c.IsService() {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot be infra and service container at the same time: %w", define.ErrInvalidArg)
 	}
 
diff --git a/libpod/runtime_ctr.go b/libpod/runtime_ctr.go
index df7174ac6..0119cb2e5 100644
--- a/libpod/runtime_ctr.go
+++ b/libpod/runtime_ctr.go
@@ -644,6 +644,16 @@ func (r *Runtime) removeContainer(ctx context.Context, c *Container, force, remo
 		return err
 	}
 
+	if c.IsService() {
+		canStop, err := c.canStopServiceContainer()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !canStop {
+			return fmt.Errorf("container %s is the service container of pod(s) %s and cannot be removed without removing the pod(s)", c.ID(), strings.Join(c.state.Service.Pods, ","))
+		}
+	}
+
 	// If we're not force-removing, we need to check if we're in a good
 	// state to remove.
 	if !force {
@@ -903,6 +913,16 @@ func (r *Runtime) evictContainer(ctx context.Context, idOrName string, removeVol
 		}
 	}
 
+	if c.IsService() {
+		canStop, err := c.canStopServiceContainer()
+		if err != nil {
+			return id, err
+		}
+		if !canStop {
+			return id, fmt.Errorf("container %s is the service container of pod(s) %s and cannot be removed without removing the pod(s)", c.ID(), strings.Join(c.state.Service.Pods, ","))
+		}
+	}
+
 	var cleanupErr error
 	// Remove the container from the state
 	if c.config.Pod != "" {
diff --git a/libpod/service.go b/libpod/service.go
index ad147e87b..c14f5e51d 100644
--- a/libpod/service.go
+++ b/libpod/service.go
@@ -54,11 +54,12 @@ func (c *Container) addServicePodLocked(id string) error {
 	return c.save()
 }
 
-func (c *Container) isService() bool {
+// IsService returns true when the container is a "service container".
+func (c *Container) IsService() bool {
 	return c.config.IsService
 }
 
-// canStopServiceContainer returns true if all pods of the service are stopped.
+// canStopServiceContainerLocked returns true if all pods of the service are stopped.
 // Note that the method acquires the container lock.
 func (c *Container) canStopServiceContainerLocked() (bool, error) {
 	c.lock.Lock()
@@ -67,10 +68,16 @@ func (c *Container) canStopServiceContainerLocked() (bool, error) {
 		return false, err
 	}
 
-	if !c.isService() {
+	if !c.IsService() {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("internal error: checking service: container %s is not a service container", c.ID())
 	}
 
+	return c.canStopServiceContainer()
+}
+
+// canStopServiceContainer returns true if all pods of the service are stopped.
+// Note that the method expects the container to be locked.
+func (c *Container) canStopServiceContainer() (bool, error) {
 	for _, id := range c.state.Service.Pods {
 		pod, err := c.runtime.LookupPod(id)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -163,7 +170,7 @@ func (c *Container) canRemoveServiceContainerLocked() (bool, error) {
 		return false, err
 	}
 
-	if !c.isService() {
+	if !c.IsService() {
 		return false, fmt.Errorf("internal error: checking service: container %s is not a service container", c.ID())
 	}
 
diff --git a/pkg/domain/infra/abi/containers.go b/pkg/domain/infra/abi/containers.go
index 5ca678d6f..4e9f38b95 100644
--- a/pkg/domain/infra/abi/containers.go
+++ b/pkg/domain/infra/abi/containers.go
@@ -292,7 +292,13 @@ func (ic *ContainerEngine) removeContainer(ctx context.Context, ctr *libpod.Cont
 	logrus.Debugf("Failed to remove container %s: %s", ctr.ID(), err.Error())
 	switch errors.Cause(err) {
 	case define.ErrNoSuchCtr:
-		if options.Ignore {
+		// Ignore if the container does not exist (anymore) when either
+		// it has been requested by the user of if the container is a
+		// service one.  Service containers are removed along with its
+		// pods which in turn are removed along with their infra
+		// container.  Hence, there is an inherent race when removing
+		// infra containers with service containers in parallel.
+		if options.Ignore || ctr.IsService() {
 			logrus.Debugf("Ignoring error (--allow-missing): %v", err)
 			return nil
 		}
diff --git a/pkg/domain/infra/abi/play.go b/pkg/domain/infra/abi/play.go
index 420d51483..e04ab3a1a 100644
--- a/pkg/domain/infra/abi/play.go
+++ b/pkg/domain/infra/abi/play.go
@@ -37,7 +37,15 @@ import (
 // createServiceContainer creates a container that can later on
 // be associated with the pods of a K8s yaml.  It will be started along with
 // the first pod.
-func (ic *ContainerEngine) createServiceContainer(ctx context.Context, name string) (*libpod.Container, error) {
+func (ic *ContainerEngine) createServiceContainer(ctx context.Context, name string, options entities.PlayKubeOptions) (*libpod.Container, error) {
+	// Make sure to replace the service container as well if requested by
+	// the user.
+	if options.Replace {
+		if _, err := ic.ContainerRm(ctx, []string{name}, entities.RmOptions{Force: true, Ignore: true}); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("replacing service container: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
 	// Similar to infra containers, a service container is using the pause image.
 	image, err := generate.PullOrBuildInfraImage(ic.Libpod, "")
 	if err != nil {
@@ -65,6 +73,7 @@ func (ic *ContainerEngine) createServiceContainer(ctx context.Context, name stri
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating runtime spec for service container: %w", err)
 	}
 	opts = append(opts, libpod.WithIsService())
+	opts = append(opts, libpod.WithSdNotifyMode(define.SdNotifyModeConmon))
 
 	// Create a new libpod container based on the spec.
 	ctr, err := ic.Libpod.NewContainer(ctx, runtimeSpec, spec, false, opts...)
@@ -75,6 +84,17 @@ func (ic *ContainerEngine) createServiceContainer(ctx context.Context, name stri
 	return ctr, nil
 }
 
+// Creates the name for a service container based on the provided content of a
+// K8s yaml file.
+func serviceContainerName(content []byte) string {
+	// The name of the service container is the first 12
+	// characters of the yaml file's hash followed by the
+	// '-service' suffix to guarantee a predictable and
+	// discoverable name.
+	hash := digest.FromBytes(content).Encoded()
+	return hash[0:12] + "-service"
+}
+
 func (ic *ContainerEngine) PlayKube(ctx context.Context, body io.Reader, options entities.PlayKubeOptions) (_ *entities.PlayKubeReport, finalErr error) {
 	report := &entities.PlayKubeReport{}
 	validKinds := 0
@@ -112,12 +132,7 @@ func (ic *ContainerEngine) PlayKube(ctx context.Context, body io.Reader, options
 		// TODO: create constants for the various "kinds" of yaml files.
 		var serviceContainer *libpod.Container
 		if options.ServiceContainer && (kind == "Pod" || kind == "Deployment") {
-			// The name of the service container is the first 12
-			// characters of the yaml file's hash followed by the
-			// '-service' suffix to guarantee a predictable and
-			// discoverable name.
-			hash := digest.FromBytes(content).Encoded()
-			ctr, err := ic.createServiceContainer(ctx, hash[0:12]+"-service")
+			ctr, err := ic.createServiceContainer(ctx, serviceContainerName(content), options)
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
 			}
@@ -433,6 +448,7 @@ func (ic *ContainerEngine) playKubePod(ctx context.Context, podName string, podY
 		podSpec.PodSpecGen.NoInfra = false
 		podSpec.PodSpecGen.InfraContainerSpec = specgen.NewSpecGenerator(infraImage, false)
 		podSpec.PodSpecGen.InfraContainerSpec.NetworkOptions = p.NetworkOptions
+		podSpec.PodSpecGen.InfraContainerSpec.SdNotifyMode = define.SdNotifyModeIgnore
 
 		err = specgenutil.FillOutSpecGen(podSpec.PodSpecGen.InfraContainerSpec, &infraOptions, []string{})
 		if err != nil {
@@ -516,10 +532,12 @@ func (ic *ContainerEngine) playKubePod(ctx context.Context, podName string, podY
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		specGen.SdNotifyMode = define.SdNotifyModeIgnore
 		rtSpec, spec, opts, err := generate.MakeContainer(ctx, ic.Libpod, specGen, false, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		opts = append(opts, libpod.WithSdNotifyMode(define.SdNotifyModeIgnore))
 		ctr, err := generate.ExecuteCreate(ctx, ic.Libpod, rtSpec, spec, false, opts...)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -570,6 +588,7 @@ func (ic *ContainerEngine) playKubePod(ctx context.Context, podName string, podY
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+		opts = append(opts, libpod.WithSdNotifyMode(define.SdNotifyModeIgnore))
 		ctr, err := generate.ExecuteCreate(ctx, ic.Libpod, rtSpec, spec, false, opts...)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -942,5 +961,6 @@ func (ic *ContainerEngine) PlayKubeDown(ctx context.Context, body io.Reader, _ e
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+
 	return reports, nil
 }
diff --git a/podman.spec.rpkg b/podman.spec.rpkg
index 937253918..12d1584af 100644
--- a/podman.spec.rpkg
+++ b/podman.spec.rpkg
@@ -242,11 +242,13 @@ done
 %{_unitdir}/%{name}.service
 %{_unitdir}/%{name}.socket
 %{_unitdir}/%{name}-restart.service
+%{_unitdir}/%{name}-play-kube@.service
 %{_userunitdir}/%{name}-auto-update.service
 %{_userunitdir}/%{name}-auto-update.timer
 %{_userunitdir}/%{name}.service
 %{_userunitdir}/%{name}.socket
 %{_userunitdir}/%{name}-restart.service
+%{_userunitdir}/%{name}-play-kube@.service
 %{_tmpfilesdir}/%{name}.conf
 %if 0%{?fedora} >= 36
 %{_modulesloaddir}/%{name}-iptables.conf
diff --git a/test/system/250-systemd.bats b/test/system/250-systemd.bats
index d0da654ad..567fa89c1 100644
--- a/test/system/250-systemd.bats
+++ b/test/system/250-systemd.bats
@@ -292,4 +292,80 @@ LISTEN_FDNAMES=listen_fdnames" | sort)
     run_podman network rm -f $netname
 }
 
+@test "podman-play-kube@.service template" {
+    skip_if_remote "systemd units do not work with remote clients"
+
+    # If running from a podman source directory, build and use the source
+    # version of the play-kube-@ unit file
+    unit_name="podman-play-kube@.service"
+    unit_file="contrib/systemd/system/${unit_name}"
+    if [[ -e ${unit_file}.in ]]; then
+        echo "# [Building & using $unit_name from source]" >&3
+        BINDIR=$(dirname $PODMAN) make $unit_file
+        cp $unit_file $UNIT_DIR/$unit_name
+    fi
+
+    # Create the YAMl file
+    yaml_source="$PODMAN_TMPDIR/test.yaml"
+    cat >$yaml_source <<EOF
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Pod
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    app: test
+  name: test_pod
+spec:
+  containers:
+  - command:
+    - top
+    image: $IMAGE
+    name: test
+    resources: {}
+EOF
+
+    # Dispatch the YAML file
+    service_name="podman-play-kube@$(systemd-escape $yaml_source).service"
+    systemctl start $service_name
+    systemctl is-active $service_name
+
+    # The name of the service container is predictable: the first 12 characters
+    # of the hash of the YAML file followed by the "-service" suffix
+    yaml_sha=$(sha256sum $yaml_source)
+    service_container="${yaml_sha:0:12}-service"
+
+    # Make sure that the service container exists and runs.
+    run_podman container inspect $service_container --format "{{.State.Running}}"
+    is "$output" "true"
+
+    # Check for an error when trying to remove the service container
+    run_podman 125 container rm $service_container
+    is "$output" "Error: container .* is the service container of pod(s) .* and cannot be removed without removing the pod(s)"
+
+    # Kill the pod and make sure the service is not running.
+    # The restart policy is set to "never" since there is no
+    # design yet for propagating exit codes up to the service
+    # container.
+    run_podman pod kill test_pod
+    for i in {0..5}; do
+        run systemctl is-failed $service_name
+        if [[ $output == "failed" ]]; then
+            break
+        fi
+        sleep 0.5
+    done
+    is "$output" "failed" "systemd service transitioned to 'failed' state"
+
+    # Now stop and start the service again.
+    systemctl stop $service_name
+    systemctl start $service_name
+    systemctl is-active $service_name
+    run_podman container inspect $service_container --format "{{.State.Running}}"
+    is "$output" "true"
+
+    # Clean up
+    systemctl stop $service_name
+    run_podman 1 container exists $service_container
+    run_podman 1 pod exists test_pod
+}
+
 # vim: filetype=sh
diff --git a/test/system/260-sdnotify.bats b/test/system/260-sdnotify.bats
index 88d84c86f..59456de24 100644
--- a/test/system/260-sdnotify.bats
+++ b/test/system/260-sdnotify.bats
@@ -172,4 +172,52 @@ READY=1" "sdnotify sent MAINPID and READY"
     _stop_socat
 }
 
+@test "sdnotify : play kube" {
+    # Create the YAMl file
+    yaml_source="$PODMAN_TMPDIR/test.yaml"
+    cat >$yaml_source <<EOF
+apiVersion: v1
+kind: Pod
+metadata:
+  labels:
+    app: test
+  name: test_pod
+spec:
+  containers:
+  - command:
+    - top
+    image: $IMAGE
+    name: test
+    resources: {}
+EOF
+
+    # The name of the service container is predictable: the first 12 characters
+    # of the hash of the YAML file followed by the "-service" suffix
+    yaml_sha=$(sha256sum $yaml_source)
+    service_container="${yaml_sha:0:12}-service"
+
+
+    export NOTIFY_SOCKET=$PODMAN_TMPDIR/conmon.sock
+    _start_socat
+
+    run_podman play kube --service-container=true $yaml_source
+    run_podman container inspect $service_container --format "{{.State.ConmonPid}}"
+    mainPID="$output"
+    # The 'echo's help us debug failed runs
+    run cat $_SOCAT_LOG
+    echo "socat log:"
+    echo "$output"
+
+    is "$output" "MAINPID=$mainPID
+READY=1" "sdnotify sent MAINPID and READY"
+
+    _stop_socat
+
+    # Clean up pod and pause image
+    run_podman play kube --down $PODMAN_TMPDIR/test.yaml
+    run_podman version --format "{{.Server.Version}}-{{.Server.Built}}"
+    podman rmi -f localhost/podman-pause:$output
+}
+
+
 # vim: filetype=sh
diff --git a/test/system/700-play.bats b/test/system/700-play.bats
index 2e5327a85..6c2a8c8b1 100644
--- a/test/system/700-play.bats
+++ b/test/system/700-play.bats
@@ -103,10 +103,9 @@ RELABEL="system_u:object_r:container_file_t:s0"
 @test "podman play --service-container" {
     skip_if_remote "service containers only work locally"
 
-    TESTDIR=$PODMAN_TMPDIR/testdir
-    mkdir -p $TESTDIR
-
-yaml="
+    # Create the YAMl file
+    yaml_source="$PODMAN_TMPDIR/test.yaml"
+    cat >$yaml_source <<EOF
 apiVersion: v1
 kind: Pod
 metadata:
@@ -120,13 +119,16 @@ spec:
     image: $IMAGE
     name: test
     resources: {}
-"
+EOF
+    run_podman play kube --service-container=true $yaml_source
 
-    echo "$yaml" > $PODMAN_TMPDIR/test.yaml
-    run_podman play kube --service-container=true $PODMAN_TMPDIR/test.yaml
+    # The name of the service container is predictable: the first 12 characters
+    # of the hash of the YAML file followed by the "-service" suffix
+    yaml_sha=$(sha256sum $yaml_source)
+    service_container="${yaml_sha:0:12}-service"
 
     # Make sure that the service container exists and runs.
-    run_podman container inspect "352a88685060-service" --format "{{.State.Running}}"
+    run_podman container inspect $service_container --format "{{.State.Running}}"
     is "$output" "true"
 
     # Stop the *main* container and make sure that
@@ -135,24 +137,26 @@ spec:
     #  #) The service container is marked as an service container
     run_podman stop test_pod-test
     _ensure_pod_state test_pod Exited
-    run_podman container inspect "352a88685060-service" --format "{{.State.Running}}"
-    is "$output" "false"
-    run_podman container inspect "352a88685060-service" --format "{{.IsService}}"
+    _ensure_container_running $service_container false
+    run_podman container inspect $service_container --format "{{.IsService}}"
     is "$output" "true"
 
     # Restart the pod, make sure the service is running again
     run_podman pod restart test_pod
-    run_podman container inspect "352a88685060-service" --format "{{.State.Running}}"
+    run_podman container inspect $service_container --format "{{.State.Running}}"
     is "$output" "true"
 
+    # Check for an error when trying to remove the service container
+    run_podman 125 container rm $service_container
+    is "$output" "Error: container .* is the service container of pod(s) .* and cannot be removed without removing the pod(s)"
+
     # Kill the pod and make sure the service is not running
     run_podman pod kill test_pod
-    run_podman container inspect "352a88685060-service" --format "{{.State.Running}}"
-    is "$output" "false"
+    _ensure_container_running $service_container false
 
     # Remove the pod and make sure the service is removed along with it
     run_podman pod rm test_pod
-    run_podman 1 container exists "352a88685060-service"
+    run_podman 1 container exists $service_container
 }
 
 @test "podman play --network" {
diff --git a/test/system/helpers.bash b/test/system/helpers.bash
index 072131202..6868f2691 100644
--- a/test/system/helpers.bash
+++ b/test/system/helpers.bash
@@ -405,6 +405,19 @@ function _ensure_pod_state() {
     is "$output" "$2" "unexpected pod state"
 }
 
+# Wait for the container's (1st arg) running state (2nd arg)
+function _ensure_container_running() {
+    for i in {0..5}; do
+        run_podman container inspect $1 --format "{{.State.Running}}"
+        if [[ $output == "$2" ]]; then
+            break
+        fi
+        sleep 0.5
+    done
+
+    is "$output" "$2" "unexpected pod state"
+}
+
 ###########################
 #  _add_label_if_missing  #  make sure skip messages include rootless/remote
 ###########################