Merge pull request #1638 from baude/fastps

Make podman ps fast

2 files changed, 404 insertions, 233 deletions

diff --git a/cmd/podman/ps.go b/cmd/podman/ps.go
index 32b3a0574..a468f6121 100644
--- a/cmd/podman/ps.go
+++ b/cmd/podman/ps.go
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"html/template"
+	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"text/tabwriter"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containers/libpod/cmd/podman/formats"
@@ -16,12 +20,31 @@ import (
 	"github.com/cri-o/ocicni/pkg/ocicni"
 	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli"
 	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/fields"
 )
 
-const mountTruncLength = 12
+const (
+	mountTruncLength = 12
+	hid              = "CONTAINER ID"
+	himage           = "IMAGE"
+	hcommand         = "COMMAND"
+	hcreated         = "CREATED"
+	hstatus          = "STATUS"
+	hports           = "PORTS"
+	hnames           = "NAMES"
+	hsize            = "SIZE"
+	hinfra           = "IS INFRA"
+	hpod             = "POD"
+	nspid            = "PID"
+	nscgroup         = "CGROUPNS"
+	nsipc            = "IPC"
+	nsmnt            = "MNT"
+	nsnet            = "NET"
+	nspidns          = "PIDNS"
+	nsuserns         = "USERNS"
+	nsuts            = "UTS"
+)
 
 type psTemplateParams struct {
 	ID            string
@@ -76,7 +99,7 @@ type psJSONParams struct {
 }
 
 // Type declaration and functions for sorting the PS output
-type psSorted []psJSONParams
+type psSorted []shared.PsContainerOutput
 
 func (a psSorted) Len() int      { return len(a) }
 func (a psSorted) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
@@ -84,7 +107,7 @@ func (a psSorted) Swap(i, j int) { a[i], a[j] = a[j], a[i] }
 type psSortedCommand struct{ psSorted }
 
 func (a psSortedCommand) Less(i, j int) bool {
-	return strings.Join(a.psSorted[i].Command, " ") < strings.Join(a.psSorted[j].Command, " ")
+	return a.psSorted[i].Command < a.psSorted[j].Command
 }
 
 type psSortedCreated struct{ psSorted }
@@ -201,6 +224,11 @@ var (
 )
 
 func psCmd(c *cli.Context) error {
+	var (
+		filterFuncs      []libpod.ContainerFilter
+		outputContainers []*libpod.Container
+	)
+
 	if err := validateFlags(c, psFlags); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -220,11 +248,9 @@ func psCmd(c *cli.Context) error {
 		return errors.Errorf("too many arguments, ps takes no arguments")
 	}
 
-	format := genPsFormat(c.String("format"), c.Bool("quiet"), c.Bool("size"), c.Bool("namespace"), c.Bool("pod"), c.Bool("all"))
-
 	opts := shared.PsOptions{
 		All:       c.Bool("all"),
-		Format:    format,
+		Format:    c.String("format"),
 		Last:      c.Int("last"),
 		Latest:    c.Bool("latest"),
 		NoTrunc:   c.Bool("no-trunc"),
@@ -235,18 +261,6 @@ func psCmd(c *cli.Context) error {
 		Sort:      c.String("sort"),
 	}
 
-	var filterFuncs []libpod.ContainerFilter
-	// When we are dealing with latest or last=n, we need to
-	// get all containers.
-	if !opts.All && !opts.Latest && opts.Last < 1 {
-		// only get running containers
-		filterFuncs = append(filterFuncs, func(c *libpod.Container) bool {
-			state, _ := c.State()
-			// Don't return infra containers
-			return state == libpod.ContainerStateRunning && !c.IsInfra()
-		})
-	}
-
 	filters := c.StringSlice("filter")
 	if len(filters) > 0 {
 		for _, f := range filters {
@@ -262,8 +276,6 @@ func psCmd(c *cli.Context) error {
 		}
 	}
 
-	var outputContainers []*libpod.Container
-
 	if !opts.Latest {
 		// Get all containers
 		containers, err := runtime.GetContainers(filterFuncs...)
@@ -288,7 +300,92 @@ func psCmd(c *cli.Context) error {
 		outputContainers = []*libpod.Container{latestCtr}
 	}
 
-	return generatePsOutput(outputContainers, opts)
+	pss := shared.PBatch(outputContainers, 8, opts)
+	if opts.Sort != "" {
+		pss, err = sortPsOutput(opts.Sort, pss)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// If quiet, print only cids and return
+	if opts.Quiet {
+		return printQuiet(pss)
+	}
+
+	// If the user wants their own GO template format
+	if opts.Format != "" {
+		if opts.Format == "json" {
+			return dumpJSON(pss)
+		}
+		return printFormat(opts.Format, pss)
+	}
+
+	// Define a tab writer with stdout as the output
+	w := tabwriter.NewWriter(os.Stdout, 0, 0, 1, ' ', 0)
+	defer w.Flush()
+
+	// Output standard PS headers
+	if !opts.Namespace {
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s", hid, himage, hcommand, hcreated, hstatus, hports, hnames)
+		// If the user does not want size OR pod info, we print the isInfra bool
+		if !opts.Size && !opts.Pod {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t%s", hinfra)
+		}
+		// User wants pod info
+		if opts.Pod {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t%s", hpod)
+		}
+		//User wants size info
+		if opts.Size {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t%s", hsize)
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Output Namespace headers
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s", hid, hnames, nspid, nscgroup, nsipc, nsmnt, nsnet, nspidns, nsuserns, nsuts)
+	}
+
+	// Now iterate each container and output its information
+	for _, container := range pss {
+
+		// Standard PS output
+		if !opts.Namespace {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s", container.ID, container.Image, container.Command, container.Created, container.Status, container.Ports, container.Names)
+
+			// If not size and not pod info, do isInfra
+			if !opts.Size && !opts.Pod {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t%t", container.IsInfra)
+			}
+			// User wants pod info
+			if opts.Pod {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t%s", container.Pod)
+			}
+			//User wants size info
+			if opts.Size {
+				var size string
+				if container.Size == nil {
+					size = units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(0, 0)
+				} else {
+					size = units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(float64(container.Size.RwSize), 3) + " (virtual " + units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(float64(container.Size.RootFsSize), 3) + ")"
+					fmt.Fprintf(w, "\t%s", size)
+				}
+			}
+
+		} else {
+			// Print namespace information
+			ns := shared.GetNamespaces(container.Pid)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "\n%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s", container.ID, container.Names, container.Pid, ns.Cgroup, ns.IPC, ns.MNT, ns.NET, ns.PIDNS, ns.User, ns.UTS)
+		}
+
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func printQuiet(containers []shared.PsContainerOutput) error {
+	for _, c := range containers {
+		fmt.Println(c.ID)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 // checkFlagsPassed checks if mutually exclusive flags are passed together
@@ -420,47 +517,6 @@ func generateContainerFilterFuncs(filter, filterValue string, runtime *libpod.Ru
 	return nil, errors.Errorf("%s is an invalid filter", filter)
 }
 
-// generate the template based on conditions given
-func genPsFormat(format string, quiet, size, namespace, pod, infra bool) string {
-	if format != "" {
-		// "\t" from the command line is not being recognized as a tab
-		// replacing the string "\t" to a tab character if the user passes in "\t"
-		return strings.Replace(format, `\t`, "\t", -1)
-	}
-	if quiet {
-		return formats.IDString
-	}
-	podappend := ""
-	if pod {
-		podappend = "{{.Pod}}\t"
-	}
-	if namespace {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("table {{.ID}}\t{{.Names}}\t%s{{.PID}}\t{{.CGROUPNS}}\t{{.IPC}}\t{{.MNT}}\t{{.NET}}\t{{.PIDNS}}\t{{.USERNS}}\t{{.UTS}}", podappend)
-	}
-	format = "table {{.ID}}\t{{.Image}}\t{{.Command}}\t{{.Created}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.Ports}}\t{{.Names}}\t"
-	format += podappend
-	if size {
-		format += "{{.Size}}\t"
-	}
-	if infra {
-		format += "{{.IsInfra}}\t"
-	}
-	return format
-}
-
-func psToGeneric(templParams []psTemplateParams, JSONParams []psJSONParams) (genericParams []interface{}) {
-	if len(templParams) > 0 {
-		for _, v := range templParams {
-			genericParams = append(genericParams, interface{}(v))
-		}
-		return
-	}
-	for _, v := range JSONParams {
-		genericParams = append(genericParams, interface{}(v))
-	}
-	return
-}
-
 // generate the accurate header based on template given
 func (p *psTemplateParams) headerMap() map[string]string {
 	v := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(p))
@@ -503,176 +559,6 @@ func sortPsOutput(sortBy string, psOutput psSorted) (psSorted, error) {
 	return psOutput, nil
 }
 
-// getTemplateOutput returns the modified container information
-func getTemplateOutput(psParams []psJSONParams, opts shared.PsOptions) ([]psTemplateParams, error) {
-	var (
-		psOutput          []psTemplateParams
-		pod, status, size string
-		ns                *shared.Namespace
-	)
-	// If the user is trying to filter based on size, or opted to sort on size
-	// the size bool must be set.
-	if strings.Contains(opts.Format, ".Size") || opts.Sort == "size" {
-		opts.Size = true
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(opts.Format, ".Pod") || opts.Sort == "pod" {
-		opts.Pod = true
-	}
-
-	for _, psParam := range psParams {
-		// do we need this?
-		imageName := psParam.Image
-		ctrID := psParam.ID
-
-		if opts.Namespace {
-			ns = psParam.Namespaces
-		}
-		if opts.Size {
-			if psParam.Size == nil {
-				size = units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(0, 0)
-			} else {
-				size = units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(float64(psParam.Size.RwSize), 3) + " (virtual " + units.HumanSizeWithPrecision(float64(psParam.Size.RootFsSize), 3) + ")"
-			}
-		}
-		if opts.Pod {
-			pod = psParam.Pod
-		}
-
-		command := strings.Join(psParam.Command, " ")
-		if !opts.NoTrunc {
-			if len(command) > 20 {
-				command = command[:19] + "..."
-			}
-		}
-		ports := portsToString(psParam.Ports)
-		labels := formatLabels(psParam.Labels)
-
-		switch psParam.Status {
-		case libpod.ContainerStateExited.String():
-			fallthrough
-		case libpod.ContainerStateStopped.String():
-			exitedSince := units.HumanDuration(time.Since(psParam.ExitedAt))
-			status = fmt.Sprintf("Exited (%d) %s ago", psParam.ExitCode, exitedSince)
-		case libpod.ContainerStateRunning.String():
-			status = "Up " + units.HumanDuration(time.Since(psParam.StartedAt)) + " ago"
-		case libpod.ContainerStatePaused.String():
-			status = "Paused"
-		case libpod.ContainerStateCreated.String(), libpod.ContainerStateConfigured.String():
-			status = "Created"
-		default:
-			status = "Error"
-		}
-
-		if !opts.NoTrunc {
-			ctrID = shortID(psParam.ID)
-			pod = shortID(psParam.Pod)
-		}
-		params := psTemplateParams{
-			ID:            ctrID,
-			Image:         imageName,
-			Command:       command,
-			CreatedAtTime: psParam.CreatedAt,
-			Created:       units.HumanDuration(time.Since(psParam.CreatedAt)) + " ago",
-			Status:        status,
-			Ports:         ports,
-			Size:          size,
-			Names:         psParam.Names,
-			Labels:        labels,
-			Mounts:        getMounts(psParam.Mounts, opts.NoTrunc),
-			PID:           psParam.PID,
-			Pod:           pod,
-			IsInfra:       psParam.IsInfra,
-		}
-
-		if opts.Namespace {
-			params.CGROUPNS = ns.Cgroup
-			params.IPC = ns.IPC
-			params.MNT = ns.MNT
-			params.NET = ns.NET
-			params.PIDNS = ns.PIDNS
-			params.USERNS = ns.User
-			params.UTS = ns.UTS
-		}
-		psOutput = append(psOutput, params)
-	}
-
-	return psOutput, nil
-}
-
-// getAndSortJSONOutput returns the container info in its raw, sorted form
-func getAndSortJSONParams(containers []*libpod.Container, opts shared.PsOptions) ([]psJSONParams, error) {
-	var (
-		psOutput psSorted
-		ns       *shared.Namespace
-	)
-	for _, ctr := range containers {
-		batchInfo, err := shared.BatchContainerOp(ctr, opts)
-		if err != nil {
-			if errors.Cause(err) == libpod.ErrNoSuchCtr {
-				logrus.Warn(err)
-				continue
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		if opts.Namespace {
-			ns = shared.GetNamespaces(batchInfo.Pid)
-		}
-		params := psJSONParams{
-			ID:               ctr.ID(),
-			Image:            batchInfo.ConConfig.RootfsImageName,
-			ImageID:          batchInfo.ConConfig.RootfsImageID,
-			Command:          batchInfo.ConConfig.Spec.Process.Args,
-			ExitCode:         batchInfo.ExitCode,
-			Exited:           batchInfo.Exited,
-			CreatedAt:        batchInfo.ConConfig.CreatedTime,
-			StartedAt:        batchInfo.StartedTime,
-			ExitedAt:         batchInfo.ExitedTime,
-			Status:           batchInfo.ConState.String(),
-			PID:              batchInfo.Pid,
-			Ports:            batchInfo.ConConfig.PortMappings,
-			Size:             batchInfo.Size,
-			Names:            batchInfo.ConConfig.Name,
-			Labels:           batchInfo.ConConfig.Labels,
-			Mounts:           batchInfo.ConConfig.UserVolumes,
-			ContainerRunning: batchInfo.ConState == libpod.ContainerStateRunning,
-			Namespaces:       ns,
-			Pod:              ctr.PodID(),
-			IsInfra:          ctr.IsInfra(),
-		}
-
-		psOutput = append(psOutput, params)
-	}
-	return sortPsOutput(opts.Sort, psOutput)
-}
-
-func generatePsOutput(containers []*libpod.Container, opts shared.PsOptions) error {
-	if len(containers) == 0 && opts.Format != formats.JSONString {
-		return nil
-	}
-	psOutput, err := getAndSortJSONParams(containers, opts)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	var out formats.Writer
-
-	switch opts.Format {
-	case formats.JSONString:
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to create JSON for output")
-		}
-		out = formats.JSONStructArray{Output: psToGeneric([]psTemplateParams{}, psOutput)}
-	default:
-		psOutput, err := getTemplateOutput(psOutput, opts)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to create output")
-		}
-		out = formats.StdoutTemplateArray{Output: psToGeneric(psOutput, []psJSONParams{}), Template: opts.Format, Fields: psOutput[0].headerMap()}
-	}
-
-	return formats.Writer(out).Out()
-}
-
 // getLabels converts the labels to a string of the form "key=value, key2=value2"
 func formatLabels(labels map[string]string) string {
 	var arr []string
@@ -723,3 +609,28 @@ func portsToString(ports []ocicni.PortMapping) string {
 	}
 	return strings.Join(portDisplay, ", ")
 }
+
+func printFormat(format string, containers []shared.PsContainerOutput) error {
+	out := template.New("output")
+	out, err := out.Parse(format + "\n")
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, container := range containers {
+		if err := out.Execute(os.Stdout, container); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func dumpJSON(containers []shared.PsContainerOutput) error {
+	b, err := json.MarshalIndent(containers, "", "\t")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	os.Stdout.Write(b)
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/cmd/podman/shared/container.go b/cmd/podman/shared/container.go
index f44d0f7c9..4af737e0a 100644
--- a/cmd/podman/shared/container.go
+++ b/cmd/podman/shared/container.go
@@ -2,11 +2,15 @@ package shared
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"github.com/cri-o/ocicni/pkg/ocicni"
+	"github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/containers/libpod/libpod"
@@ -17,6 +21,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
 
+const (
+	cidTruncLength = 12
+	podTruncLength = 12
+)
+
 // PsOptions describes the struct being formed for ps
 type PsOptions struct {
 	All       bool
@@ -45,6 +54,35 @@ type BatchContainerStruct struct {
 	Size        *ContainerSize
 }
 
+// PsContainerOutput is the struct being returned from a parallel
+// Batch operation
+type PsContainerOutput struct {
+	ID        string
+	Image     string
+	Command   string
+	Created   string
+	Ports     string
+	Names     string
+	IsInfra   bool
+	Status    string
+	State     libpod.ContainerStatus
+	Pid       int
+	Size      *ContainerSize
+	Pod       string
+	CreatedAt time.Time
+	ExitedAt  time.Time
+	StartedAt time.Time
+	Labels    map[string]string
+	PID       string
+	Cgroup    string
+	IPC       string
+	MNT       string
+	NET       string
+	PIDNS     string
+	User      string
+	UTS       string
+}
+
 // Namespace describes output for ps namespace
 type Namespace struct {
 	PID    string `json:"pid,omitempty"`
@@ -64,6 +102,212 @@ type ContainerSize struct {
 	RwSize     int64 `json:"rwSize"`
 }
 
+// NewBatchContainer runs a batch process under one lock to get container information and only
+// be called in PBatch
+func NewBatchContainer(ctr *libpod.Container, opts PsOptions) (PsContainerOutput, error) {
+	var (
+		conState  libpod.ContainerStatus
+		command   string
+		created   string
+		status    string
+		exitedAt  time.Time
+		startedAt time.Time
+		exitCode  int32
+		err       error
+		pid       int
+		size      *ContainerSize
+		ns        *Namespace
+		pso       PsContainerOutput
+	)
+	batchErr := ctr.Batch(func(c *libpod.Container) error {
+		conState, err = c.State()
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to obtain container state")
+		}
+		command = strings.Join(c.Command(), " ")
+		created = units.HumanDuration(time.Since(c.CreatedTime())) + " ago"
+
+		exitCode, _, err = c.ExitCode()
+		if err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to obtain container exit code")
+		}
+		startedAt, err = c.StartedTime()
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Errorf("error getting started time for %q: %v", c.ID(), err)
+		}
+		exitedAt, err = c.FinishedTime()
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Errorf("error getting exited time for %q: %v", c.ID(), err)
+		}
+		if opts.Namespace {
+			pid, err = c.PID()
+			if err != nil {
+				return errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to obtain container pid")
+			}
+			ns = GetNamespaces(pid)
+		}
+		if opts.Size {
+			size = new(ContainerSize)
+
+			rootFsSize, err := c.RootFsSize()
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Errorf("error getting root fs size for %q: %v", c.ID(), err)
+			}
+
+			rwSize, err := c.RWSize()
+			if err != nil {
+				logrus.Errorf("error getting rw size for %q: %v", c.ID(), err)
+			}
+
+			size.RootFsSize = rootFsSize
+			size.RwSize = rwSize
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if batchErr != nil {
+		return pso, batchErr
+	}
+
+	switch conState.String() {
+	case libpod.ContainerStateExited.String():
+		fallthrough
+	case libpod.ContainerStateStopped.String():
+		exitedSince := units.HumanDuration(time.Since(exitedAt))
+		status = fmt.Sprintf("Exited (%d) %s ago", exitCode, exitedSince)
+	case libpod.ContainerStateRunning.String():
+		status = "Up " + units.HumanDuration(time.Since(startedAt)) + " ago"
+	case libpod.ContainerStatePaused.String():
+		status = "Paused"
+	case libpod.ContainerStateCreated.String(), libpod.ContainerStateConfigured.String():
+		status = "Created"
+	default:
+		status = "Error"
+	}
+
+	_, imageName := ctr.Image()
+	cid := ctr.ID()
+	pod := ctr.PodID()
+	if !opts.NoTrunc {
+		cid = cid[0:cidTruncLength]
+		if len(pod) > 12 {
+			pod = pod[0:podTruncLength]
+		}
+	}
+
+	pso.ID = cid
+	pso.Image = imageName
+	pso.Command = command
+	pso.Created = created
+	pso.Ports = portsToString(ctr.PortMappings())
+	pso.Names = ctr.Name()
+	pso.IsInfra = ctr.IsInfra()
+	pso.Status = status
+	pso.State = conState
+	pso.Pid = pid
+	pso.Size = size
+	pso.Pod = pod
+	pso.ExitedAt = exitedAt
+	pso.CreatedAt = ctr.CreatedTime()
+	pso.StartedAt = startedAt
+	pso.Labels = ctr.Labels()
+
+	if opts.Namespace {
+		pso.Cgroup = ns.Cgroup
+		pso.IPC = ns.IPC
+		pso.MNT = ns.MNT
+		pso.NET = ns.NET
+		pso.User = ns.User
+		pso.UTS = ns.UTS
+		pso.PIDNS = ns.PIDNS
+	}
+
+	return pso, nil
+}
+
+type pFunc func() (PsContainerOutput, error)
+
+type workerInput struct {
+	parallelFunc pFunc
+	opts         PsOptions
+	cid          string
+	job          int
+}
+
+// worker is a "threaded" worker that takes jobs from the channel "queue"
+func worker(wg *sync.WaitGroup, jobs <-chan workerInput, results chan<- PsContainerOutput, errors chan<- error) {
+	for j := range jobs {
+		r, err := j.parallelFunc()
+		// If we find an error, we return just the error
+		if err != nil {
+			errors <- err
+		} else {
+			// Return the result
+			results <- r
+		}
+		wg.Done()
+	}
+}
+
+// PBatch is performs batch operations on a container in parallel. It spawns the number of workers
+// relative to the the number of parallel operations desired.
+func PBatch(containers []*libpod.Container, workers int, opts PsOptions) []PsContainerOutput {
+	var (
+		wg        sync.WaitGroup
+		psResults []PsContainerOutput
+	)
+
+	// If the number of containers in question is less than the number of
+	// proposed parallel operations, we shouldnt spawn so many workers
+	if workers > len(containers) {
+		workers = len(containers)
+	}
+
+	jobs := make(chan workerInput, len(containers))
+	results := make(chan PsContainerOutput, len(containers))
+	batchErrors := make(chan error, len(containers))
+
+	// Create the workers
+	for w := 1; w <= workers; w++ {
+		go worker(&wg, jobs, results, batchErrors)
+	}
+
+	// Add jobs to the workers
+	for i, j := range containers {
+		j := j
+		wg.Add(1)
+		f := func() (PsContainerOutput, error) {
+			return NewBatchContainer(j, opts)
+		}
+		jobs <- workerInput{
+			parallelFunc: f,
+			opts:         opts,
+			cid:          j.ID(),
+			job:          i,
+		}
+	}
+	close(jobs)
+	wg.Wait()
+	close(results)
+	close(batchErrors)
+	for err := range batchErrors {
+		logrus.Errorf("unable to get container info: %q", err)
+	}
+	for res := range results {
+		// We sort out running vs non-running here to save lots of copying
+		// later.
+		if !opts.All && !opts.Latest && opts.Last < 1 {
+			if !res.IsInfra && res.State == libpod.ContainerStateRunning {
+				psResults = append(psResults, res)
+			}
+		} else {
+			psResults = append(psResults, res)
+		}
+	}
+	return psResults
+}
+
 // BatchContainer is used in ps to reduce performance hits by "batching"
 // locks.
 func BatchContainerOp(ctr *libpod.Container, opts PsOptions) (BatchContainerStruct, error) {
@@ -325,3 +569,19 @@ func getCgroup(spec *specs.Spec) string {
 	}
 	return cgroup
 }
+
+// portsToString converts the ports used to a string of the from "port1, port2"
+func portsToString(ports []ocicni.PortMapping) string {
+	var portDisplay []string
+	if len(ports) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	for _, v := range ports {
+		hostIP := v.HostIP
+		if hostIP == "" {
+			hostIP = "0.0.0.0"
+		}
+		portDisplay = append(portDisplay, fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d->%d/%s", hostIP, v.HostPort, v.ContainerPort, v.Protocol))
+	}
+	return strings.Join(portDisplay, ", ")
+}