pkg/ctime: Factor libpod/finished* into a separate package

This removes some boilerplate from the libpod package, so we can focus
on container stuff there.  And it gives us a tidy sub-package for
focusing on ctime extraction, so we can focus on unit testing and
portability of the extraction utility there.

For the unsupported implementation, I'm falling back to Go's ModTime
[1].  That's obviously not the creation time, but it's likely to be
closer than the uninitialized Time structure from cc6f0e85 (more
changes to compile darwin, 2018-07-04, #1047).  Especially for our use
case in libpod/oci, where we're looking at write-once exit files.

The test is more complicated than I initially expected, because on
Linux filesystem timestamps come from a truncated clock without
interpolation [2] (and network filesystems can be completely decoupled
[3]).  So even for local disks, creation times can be up to a jiffie
earlier than 'before'.  This test ensures at least monotonicity by
creating two files and ensuring the reported creation time for the
second is greater than or equal to the reported creation time for the
first.  It also checks that both creation times are within the window
from one second earlier than 'before' through 'after'.  That should be
enough of a window for local disks, even if the kernel for those
systems has an abnormally large jiffie.  It might be ok on network
filesystems, although it will not be very resilient to network clock
lagging behind the local system clock.

[1]: https://golang.org/pkg/os/#FileInfo
[2]: https://groups.google.com/d/msg/linux.kernel/mdeXx2TBYZA/_4eJEuJoAQAJ
     Subject: Re: Apparent backward time travel in timestamps on file creation
     Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2017 20:20:02 +0200
     Message-ID: <tqMPU-1Sb-21@gated-at.bofh.it>
[3]: https://groups.google.com/d/msg/linux.kernel/mdeXx2TBYZA/cTKj4OBuAQAJ
     Subject: Re: Apparent backward time travel in timestamps on file creation
     Date: Thu, 30 Mar 2017 22:10:01 +0200
     Message-ID: <tqOyl-36A-1@gated-at.bofh.it>

Signed-off-by: W. Trevor King <wking@tremily.us>

Closes: #1050
Approved by: mheon

5 files changed, 115 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/pkg/ctime/ctime.go b/pkg/ctime/ctime.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f5c69c7e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/ctime/ctime.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Package ctime includes a utility for determining file-creation times.
+package ctime
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Created returns the file-creation time.
+func Created(fi os.FileInfo) time.Time {
+	return created(fi)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/ctime/ctime_linux_32.go b/pkg/ctime/ctime_linux_32.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..00c1a9a8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/ctime/ctime_linux_32.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// +build arm,linux 386,linux
+
+package ctime
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func created(fi os.FileInfo) time.Time {
+	st := fi.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
+	return time.Unix(int64(st.Ctim.Sec), int64(st.Ctim.Nsec))
+}
diff --git a/pkg/ctime/ctime_linux_64.go b/pkg/ctime/ctime_linux_64.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1251c1ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/ctime/ctime_linux_64.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// +build !arm,!386,linux
+
+package ctime
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func created(fi os.FileInfo) time.Time {
+	st := fi.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t)
+	return time.Unix(st.Ctim.Sec, st.Ctim.Nsec)
+}
diff --git a/pkg/ctime/ctime_test.go b/pkg/ctime/ctime_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..abfc627da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/ctime/ctime_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package ctime
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestCreated(t *testing.T) {
+	before := time.Now()
+
+	fileA, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "ctime-test-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(fileA.Name())
+
+	fileB, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "ctime-test-")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(fileB.Name())
+
+	after := time.Now()
+
+	infoA, err := fileA.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	err = fileA.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	infoB, err := fileB.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	err = fileB.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	createdA := Created(infoA)
+	beforeToCreateA := createdA.Sub(before)
+	if beforeToCreateA.Nanoseconds() < -1000000000 {
+		t.Errorf("created file A %s is %v nanoseconds before %s", createdA, -beforeToCreateA.Nanoseconds(), before)
+	}
+
+	createdB := Created(infoB)
+	createAToCreateB := createdB.Sub(createdA)
+	if createAToCreateB.Nanoseconds() < 0 {
+		t.Errorf("created file B %s is %v nanoseconds before file A %s", createdB, -createAToCreateB.Nanoseconds(), createdA)
+	}
+
+	createBToAfter := after.Sub(createdB)
+	if createBToAfter.Nanoseconds() < 0 {
+		t.Errorf("created file B %s is %v nanoseconds after %s", createdB, -createBToAfter.Nanoseconds(), after)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/pkg/ctime/ctime_unsupported.go b/pkg/ctime/ctime_unsupported.go
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..325731353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pkg/ctime/ctime_unsupported.go
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// +build !linux
+
+package ctime
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func created(fi os.FileInfo) time.Time {
+	return fi.ModTime()
+}