# libpod Installation Instructions

## Installing packaged versions of Podman

#### [Arch Linux](https://www.archlinux.org)

```bash
sudo pacman -S podman
```

If you have problems when running Podman in [rootless](README.md#rootless) mode follow the instructions [here](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Linux_Containers#Enable_support_to_run_unprivileged_containers_(optional))

#### [Fedora](https://www.fedoraproject.org), [CentOS](https://www.centos.org)

```bash
sudo yum -y install podman
```

#### [Fedora-CoreOS](https://coreos.fedoraproject.org), [Fedora SilverBlue](https://silverblue.fedoraproject.org)

Built-in, no need to install

#### [Gentoo](https://www.gentoo.org)

```bash
sudo emerge app-emulation/libpod
```

#### [openSUSE](https://www.opensuse.org)

```bash
sudo zypper install podman
```

#### [openSUSE Kubic](https://kubic.opensuse.org)

Built-in, no need to install

#### [RHEL7](https://www.redhat.com/en/technologies/linux-platforms/enterprise-linux)

Subscribe, then enable Extras channel and install Podman.

```bash
sudo subscription-manager repos --enable=rhel-7-server-extras-rpms
sudo yum -y install podman
```

#### [RHEL8 Beta](https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/powering-its-future-while-preserving-present-introducing-red-hat-enterprise-linux-8-beta?intcmp=701f2000001Cz6OAAS)

```bash
sudo yum module enable -y container-tools:1.0
sudo yum module install -y container-tools:1.0
```

### Installing development versions of Podman

#### [Ubuntu](https://www.ubuntu.com)

The latest builds are available in a PPA. Take note of the [Build and Run Dependencies](#build-and-run-dependencies) listed below if you run into any issues.

```bash
sudo apt-get update -qq
sudo apt-get install -qq -y software-properties-common uidmap
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:projectatomic/ppa
sudo apt-get update -qq
sudo apt-get -qq -y install podman
```

#### Fedora

You can test the very latest Podman in Fedora's `updates-testing`
repository before it goes out to all Fedora users.

```console
sudo yum distro-sync --enablerepo=updates-testing podman
```

If you use a newer Podman package from Fedora's `updates-testing`, we would
appreciate your `+1` feedback in [Bodhi, Fedora's update management
system](https://bodhi.fedoraproject.org/updates/?packages=podman).

## Building from scratch

### Build and Run Dependencies

**Required**

Fedora, CentOS, RHEL, and related distributions:

```bash
sudo yum install -y \
  atomic-registries \
  btrfs-progs-devel \
  containernetworking-cni \
  device-mapper-devel \
  git \
  glib2-devel \
  glibc-devel \
  glibc-static \
  go \
  golang-github-cpuguy83-go-md2man \
  gpgme-devel \
  iptables \
  libassuan-devel \
  libgpg-error-devel \
  libseccomp-devel \
  libselinux-devel \
  make \
  ostree-devel \
  pkgconfig \
  runc \
  containers-common
```

Debian, Ubuntu, and related distributions:

```bash
sudo apt-get install \
  btrfs-tools \
  git \
  golang-go \
  go-md2man \
  iptables \
  libassuan-dev \
  libc6-dev \
  libdevmapper-dev \
  libglib2.0-dev \
  libgpgme-dev \
  libgpg-error-dev \
  libostree-dev \
  libprotobuf-dev \
  libprotobuf-c0-dev \
  libseccomp-dev \
  libselinux1-dev \
  libsystemd-dev \
  pkg-config \
  runc \
  uidmap
```

### Building missing dependencies

If any dependencies cannot be installed or are not sufficiently current, they have to be built from source.
This will mainly affect Debian, Ubuntu, and related distributions, or RHEL where no subscription is active (e.g. Cloud VMs).

#### ostree

A copy of the development libraries for `ostree` is necessary, either in the form of the `libostree-dev` package
from the [flatpak](https://launchpad.net/~alexlarsson/+archive/ubuntu/flatpak) PPA,
or built [from source](https://github.com/ostreedev/ostree/blob/master/docs/contributing-tutorial.md)
(see also [here](https://ostree.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#building)). As of Ubuntu 18.04, `libostree-dev` is available in the main repositories,
and the PPA is no longer required.

To build, use the following (running `make` can take a while):
```bash
git clone https://github.com/ostreedev/ostree ~/ostree
cd ~/ostree
git submodule update --init
# for Fedora, CentOS, RHEL
sudo yum install -y automake bison e2fsprogs-devel fuse-devel libtool xz-devel zlib-devel
# for Debian, Ubuntu etc.
sudo apt-get install -y automake bison e2fsprogs e2fslibs-dev fuse libfuse-dev libgpgme-dev liblzma-dev libtool zlib1g

./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr --libdir=/usr/lib64 --sysconfdir=/etc
# remove --nonet option due to https:/github.com/ostreedev/ostree/issues/1374
sed -i '/.*--nonet.*/d' ./Makefile-man.am
make
sudo make install
```

#### golang

Be careful to double-check that the version of golang is new enough (i.e. `go version`), version 1.10.x or higher is required.
If needed, golang kits are available at https://golang.org/dl/. Alternatively, go can be built from source as follows
(it's helpful to leave the system-go installed, to avoid having to [bootstrap go](https://golang.org/doc/install/source):

```bash
export GOPATH=~/go
git clone https://go.googlesource.com/go $GOPATH
cd $GOPATH
git checkout tags/go1.10.8  # optional
cd src
./all.bash
export PATH=$GOPATH/bin:$PATH
```

#### conmon

The latest version of `conmon` is expected to be installed on the system. Conmon is used to monitor OCI Runtimes.
To build from source, use the following:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/containers/conmon
cd conmon
make
sudo install -D -m 755 bin/conmon /usr/libexec/podman/conmon
```

#### runc

The latest version of `runc` is expected to be installed on the system. It is picked up as the default runtime by Podman.
Version 1.0.0-rc4 is the minimal requirement, which is available in Ubuntu 18.04 already.
To double-check, `runc --version` should produce at least `spec: 1.0.1`, otherwise build your own:

```bash
git clone https://github.com/opencontainers/runc.git $GOPATH/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/opencontainers/runc
make BUILDTAGS="selinux seccomp"
sudo cp runc /usr/bin/runc
```

#### CNI plugins

```bash
git clone https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins.git $GOPATH/src/github.com/containernetworking/plugins
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containernetworking/plugins
./build_linux.sh
sudo mkdir -p /usr/libexec/cni
sudo cp bin/* /usr/libexec/cni
```

#### Setup CNI networking

A proper description of setting up CNI networking is given in the [`cni` README](cni/README.md).

Using the CNI plugins from above, a more basic network config is achieved with:

```bash
mkdir -p /etc/cni/net.d
curl -qsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containers/libpod/master/cni/87-podman-bridge.conflist | sudo tee /etc/cni/net.d/99-loopback.conf
```


#### Add configuration

```bash
sudo mkdir -p /etc/containers
sudo curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectatomic/registries/master/registries.fedora -o /etc/containers/registries.conf
sudo curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containers/skopeo/master/default-policy.json -o /etc/containers/policy.json
```


#### Optional packages

Fedora, CentOS, RHEL, and related distributions:

(no optional packages)

Debian, Ubuntu, and related distributions:

```bash
apt-get install -y \
  libapparmor-dev
```

### Get Source Code

As with other Go projects, Podman must be cloned into a directory structure like:

```
GOPATH
└── src
    └── github.com
        └── containers
            └── libpod
```

First, ensure that the go version that is found first on the $PATH (in case you built your own; see [above](#golang)) is sufficiently recent -
`go version` must be higher than 1.10.x). Then we can finally build Podman (assuming we already have a `$GOPATH` and the corresponding folder,
`export GOPATH=~/go && mkdir -p $GOPATH`):

```bash
git clone https://github.com/containers/libpod/ $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/libpod
cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containers/libpod
make BUILDTAGS="selinux seccomp"
sudo make install PREFIX=/usr
```

#### Build Tags

Otherwise, if you do not want to build Podman with seccomp or selinux support you can add `BUILDTAGS=""` when running make.

```bash
make BUILDTAGS=""
sudo make install
```

Podman supports optional build tags for compiling support of various features.
To add build tags to the make option the `BUILDTAGS` variable must be set, for example:

```bash
make BUILDTAGS='seccomp apparmor'
```

| Build Tag | Feature                            | Dependency  |
|-----------|------------------------------------|-------------|
| seccomp   | syscall filtering                  | libseccomp  |
| selinux   | selinux process and mount labeling | libselinux  |
| apparmor  | apparmor profile support           | libapparmor |

### Vendoring - Dependency Management

This project is using [vndr](https://github.com/LK4D4/vndr) for managing dependencies, which is a tedious and error-prone task. Doing it manually is likely to cause inconsistencies between the `./vendor` directory (i.e., the downloaded dependencies), the source code that imports those dependencies and the `vendor.conf` configuration file that describes which packages in which version (e.g., a release or git commit) are a dependency.

To ease updating dependencies, we provide the `make vendor` target, which fetches all dependencies mentioned in `vendor.conf`.  `make vendor` whitelists certain packages to prevent the `vndr` tool from removing packages that the test suite (see `./test`) imports.

The CI of this project makes sure that each pull request leaves a clean vendor state behind by first running the aforementioned `make vendor` followed by running `./hack/tree_status.sh` which checks if any file in the git tree has changed.

##### Vendor Troubleshooting

If the CI is complaining about a pull request leaving behind an unclean state, it is very likely right about it. Make sure to run `make vendor` and add all the changes to the commit. Also make sure that your local git tree does not include files not under version control that may reference other go packages. If some dependencies are removed but they should not, for instance, because the CI is needing them, then whitelist those dependencies in the `make vendor` target of the Makefile.  Whitelisting a package will instruct `vndr` to not remove if during its cleanup phase.

## Configuration files

### [registries.conf](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/skopeo/blob/master/f/registries.conf)

#### Man Page: [registries.conf.5](https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/registries.conf.5.md)

`/etc/containers/registries.conf`

registries.conf is the configuration file which specifies which container registries should be consulted when completing image names which do not include a registry or domain portion.

#### Example from the Fedora `containers-common` package

```
cat /etc/containers/registries.conf
# This is a system-wide configuration file used to
# keep track of registries for various container backends.
# It adheres to TOML format and does not support recursive
# lists of registries.

# The default location for this configuration file is /etc/containers/registries.conf.

# The only valid categories are: 'registries.search', 'registries.insecure',
# and 'registries.block'.

[registries.search]
registries = ['docker.io', 'registry.fedoraproject.org', 'quay.io', 'registry.access.redhat.com', 'registry.centos.org']

# If you need to access insecure registries, add the registry's fully-qualified name.
# An insecure registry is one that does not have a valid SSL certificate or only does HTTP.
[registries.insecure]
registries = []


# If you need to block pull access from a registry, uncomment the section below
# and add the registries fully-qualified name.
#
[registries.block]
registries = []
```

### [mounts.conf](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/skopeo/blob/master/f/mounts.conf)

`/usr/share/containers/mounts.conf` and optionally `/etc/containers/mounts.conf`

The mounts.conf files specify volume mount directories that are automatically mounted inside containers when executing the `podman run` or `podman build` commands.  Container process can then use this content.  The volume mount content does not get committed to the final image.

Usually these directories are used for passing secrets or credentials required by the package software to access remote package repositories.

For example, a mounts.conf with the line "`/usr/share/rhel/secrets:/run/secrets`", the content of `/usr/share/rhel/secrets` directory is mounted on `/run/secrets` inside the container.  This mountpoint allows Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscriptions from the host to be used within the container.

Note this is not a volume mount. The content of the volumes is copied into container storage, not bind mounted directly from the host.

#### Example from the Fedora `containers-common` package:

```
cat /usr/share/containers/mounts.conf
/usr/share/rhel/secrets:/run/secrets
```

### [seccomp.json](https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/skopeo/blob/master/f/seccomp.json)

`/usr/share/containers/seccomp.json`

seccomp.json contains the whitelist of seccomp rules to be allowed inside of
containers.  This file is usually provided by the containers-common package.

The link above takes you to the seccomp.json

### [policy.json](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/blob/master/default-policy.json)

`/etc/containers/policy.json`

#### Man Page: [policy.json.5](https://github.com/containers/image/blob/master/docs/policy.json.md)


#### Example from the Fedora `containers-common` package:

```
cat /etc/containers/policy.json
{
    "default": [
	{
	    "type": "insecureAcceptAnything"
	}
    ],
    "transports":
	{
	    "docker-daemon":
		{
		    "": [{"type":"insecureAcceptAnything"}]
		}
	}
}
```