path: root/libpod/container_api.go

package libpod

import (
	"bufio"
	"context"
	"io/ioutil"
	"net"
	"os"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/containers/libpod/v2/libpod/define"
	"github.com/containers/libpod/v2/libpod/events"
	"github.com/containers/libpod/v2/libpod/logs"
	"github.com/opentracing/opentracing-go"
	"github.com/pkg/errors"
	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
	"k8s.io/client-go/tools/remotecommand"
)

// Init creates a container in the OCI runtime, moving a container from
// ContainerStateConfigured, ContainerStateStopped, or ContainerStateExited to
// ContainerStateCreated. Once in Created state, Conmon will be running, which
// allows the container to be attached to. The container can subsequently
// transition to ContainerStateRunning via Start(), or be transitioned back to
// ContainerStateConfigured by Cleanup() (which will stop conmon and unmount the
// container).
// Init requires that all dependency containers be started (e.g. pod infra
// containers). The `recursive` parameter will, if set to true, start these
// dependency containers before initializing this container.
func (c *Container) Init(ctx context.Context, recursive bool) error {
	span, _ := opentracing.StartSpanFromContext(ctx, "containerInit")
	span.SetTag("struct", "container")
	defer span.Finish()

	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if !c.ensureState(define.ContainerStateConfigured, define.ContainerStateStopped, define.ContainerStateExited) {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "container %s has already been created in runtime", c.ID())
	}

	if !recursive {
		if err := c.checkDependenciesAndHandleError(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	} else {
		if err := c.startDependencies(ctx); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if err := c.prepare(); err != nil {
		if err2 := c.cleanup(ctx); err2 != nil {
			logrus.Errorf("error cleaning up container %s: %v", c.ID(), err2)
		}
		return err
	}

	if c.state.State == define.ContainerStateStopped {
		// Reinitialize the container
		return c.reinit(ctx, false)
	}

	// Initialize the container for the first time
	return c.init(ctx, false)
}

// Start starts the given container.
// Start will accept container in ContainerStateConfigured,
// ContainerStateCreated, ContainerStateStopped, and ContainerStateExited, and
// transition them to ContainerStateRunning (all containers not in
// ContainerStateCreated will make an intermediate stop there via the Init API).
// Once in ContainerStateRunning, the container can be transitioned to
// ContainerStatePaused via Pause(), or to ContainerStateStopped by the process
// stopping (either due to exit, or being forced to stop by the Kill or Stop API
// calls).
// Start requites that all dependency containers (e.g. pod infra containers) be
// running before being run. The recursive parameter, if set, will start all
// dependencies before starting this container.
func (c *Container) Start(ctx context.Context, recursive bool) error {
	span, _ := opentracing.StartSpanFromContext(ctx, "containerStart")
	span.SetTag("struct", "container")
	defer span.Finish()

	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if err := c.prepareToStart(ctx, recursive); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Start the container
	return c.start()
}

// StartAndAttach starts a container and attaches to it.
// This acts as a combination of the Start and Attach APIs, ensuring proper
// ordering of the two such that no output from the container is lost (e.g. the
// Attach call occurs before Start).
// In overall functionality, it is identical to the Start call, with the added
// side effect that an attach session will also be started.
func (c *Container) StartAndAttach(ctx context.Context, streams *define.AttachStreams, keys string, resize <-chan remotecommand.TerminalSize, recursive bool) (<-chan error, error) {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	if err := c.prepareToStart(ctx, recursive); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	attachChan := make(chan error)

	// We need to ensure that we don't return until start() fired in attach.
	// Use a channel to sync
	startedChan := make(chan bool)

	// Attach to the container before starting it
	go func() {
		if err := c.attach(streams, keys, resize, true, startedChan); err != nil {
			attachChan <- err
		}
		close(attachChan)
	}()

	select {
	case err := <-attachChan:
		return nil, err
	case <-startedChan:
		c.newContainerEvent(events.Attach)
	}

	return attachChan, nil
}

// RestartWithTimeout restarts a running container and takes a given timeout in uint
func (c *Container) RestartWithTimeout(ctx context.Context, timeout uint) error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if err := c.checkDependenciesAndHandleError(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return c.restartWithTimeout(ctx, timeout)
}

// Stop uses the container's stop signal (or SIGTERM if no signal was specified)
// to stop the container, and if it has not stopped after container's stop
// timeout, SIGKILL is used to attempt to forcibly stop the container
// Default stop timeout is 10 seconds, but can be overridden when the container
// is created
func (c *Container) Stop() error {
	// Stop with the container's given timeout
	return c.StopWithTimeout(c.config.StopTimeout)
}

// StopWithTimeout is a version of Stop that allows a timeout to be specified
// manually. If timeout is 0, SIGKILL will be used immediately to kill the
// container.
func (c *Container) StopWithTimeout(timeout uint) error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if c.ensureState(define.ContainerStateStopped, define.ContainerStateExited) {
		return define.ErrCtrStopped
	}

	if !c.ensureState(define.ContainerStateCreated, define.ContainerStateRunning) {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "can only stop created or running containers. %s is in state %s", c.ID(), c.state.State.String())
	}

	return c.stop(timeout)
}

// Kill sends a signal to a container
func (c *Container) Kill(signal uint) error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// TODO: Is killing a paused container OK?
	if c.state.State != define.ContainerStateRunning {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "can only kill running containers. %s is in state %s", c.ID(), c.state.State.String())
	}

	// Hardcode all = false, we only use all when removing.
	if err := c.ociRuntime.KillContainer(c, signal, false); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	c.state.StoppedByUser = true

	c.newContainerEvent(events.Kill)

	return c.save()
}

// Attach attaches to a container.
// This function returns when the attach finishes. It does not hold the lock for
// the duration of its runtime, only using it at the beginning to verify state.
func (c *Container) Attach(streams *define.AttachStreams, keys string, resize <-chan remotecommand.TerminalSize) error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			c.lock.Unlock()
			return err
		}
		// We are NOT holding the lock for the duration of the function.
		c.lock.Unlock()
	}

	if !c.ensureState(define.ContainerStateCreated, define.ContainerStateRunning) {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "can only attach to created or running containers")
	}

	c.newContainerEvent(events.Attach)
	return c.attach(streams, keys, resize, false, nil)
}

// HTTPAttach forwards an attach session over a hijacked HTTP session.
// HTTPAttach will consume and close the included httpCon, which is expected to
// be sourced from a hijacked HTTP connection.
// The cancel channel is optional, and can be used to asynchronously cancel the
// attach session.
// The streams variable is only supported if the container was not a terminal,
// and allows specifying which of the container's standard streams will be
// forwarded to the client.
// This function returns when the attach finishes. It does not hold the lock for
// the duration of its runtime, only using it at the beginning to verify state.
// The streamLogs parameter indicates that all the container's logs until present
// will be streamed at the beginning of the attach.
// The streamAttach parameter indicates that the attach itself will be streamed
// over the socket; if this is not set, but streamLogs is, only the logs will be
// sent.
// At least one of streamAttach and streamLogs must be set.
func (c *Container) HTTPAttach(httpCon net.Conn, httpBuf *bufio.ReadWriter, streams *HTTPAttachStreams, detachKeys *string, cancel <-chan bool, streamAttach, streamLogs bool) (deferredErr error) {
	isTerminal := false
	if c.config.Spec.Process != nil {
		isTerminal = c.config.Spec.Process.Terminal
	}
	// Ensure our contract of writing errors to and closing the HTTP conn is
	// honored.
	defer func() {
		hijackWriteErrorAndClose(deferredErr, c.ID(), isTerminal, httpCon, httpBuf)
	}()

	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			c.lock.Unlock()

			return err
		}
		// We are NOT holding the lock for the duration of the function.
		c.lock.Unlock()
	}

	if !c.ensureState(define.ContainerStateCreated, define.ContainerStateRunning) {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "can only attach to created or running containers")
	}

	if !streamAttach && !streamLogs {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrInvalidArg, "must specify at least one of stream or logs")
	}

	logrus.Infof("Performing HTTP Hijack attach to container %s", c.ID())

	logSize := 0
	if streamLogs {
		// Get all logs for the container
		logChan := make(chan *logs.LogLine)
		logOpts := new(logs.LogOptions)
		logOpts.Tail = -1
		logOpts.WaitGroup = new(sync.WaitGroup)
		errChan := make(chan error)
		go func() {
			var err error
			// In non-terminal mode we need to prepend with the
			// stream header.
			logrus.Debugf("Writing logs for container %s to HTTP attach", c.ID())
			for logLine := range logChan {
				if !isTerminal {
					device := logLine.Device
					var header []byte
					headerLen := uint32(len(logLine.Msg))
					logSize += len(logLine.Msg)
					switch strings.ToLower(device) {
					case "stdin":
						header = makeHTTPAttachHeader(0, headerLen)
					case "stdout":
						header = makeHTTPAttachHeader(1, headerLen)
					case "stderr":
						header = makeHTTPAttachHeader(2, headerLen)
					default:
						logrus.Errorf("Unknown device for log line: %s", device)
						header = makeHTTPAttachHeader(1, headerLen)
					}
					_, err = httpBuf.Write(header)
					if err != nil {
						break
					}
				}
				_, err = httpBuf.Write([]byte(logLine.Msg))
				if err != nil {
					break
				}
				_, err = httpBuf.Write([]byte("\n"))
				if err != nil {
					break
				}
				err = httpBuf.Flush()
				if err != nil {
					break
				}
			}
			errChan <- err
		}()
		go func() {
			logOpts.WaitGroup.Wait()
			close(logChan)
		}()
		if err := c.ReadLog(context.Background(), logOpts, logChan); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		logrus.Debugf("Done reading logs for container %s, %d bytes", c.ID(), logSize)
		if err := <-errChan; err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	if !streamAttach {
		return nil
	}

	c.newContainerEvent(events.Attach)
	return c.ociRuntime.HTTPAttach(c, httpCon, httpBuf, streams, detachKeys, cancel)
}

// AttachResize resizes the container's terminal, which is displayed by Attach
// and HTTPAttach.
func (c *Container) AttachResize(newSize remotecommand.TerminalSize) error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if !c.ensureState(define.ContainerStateCreated, define.ContainerStateRunning) {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "can only resize created or running containers")
	}

	logrus.Infof("Resizing TTY of container %s", c.ID())

	return c.ociRuntime.AttachResize(c, newSize)
}

// Mount mounts a container's filesystem on the host
// The path where the container has been mounted is returned
func (c *Container) Mount() (string, error) {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
	}

	if c.state.State == define.ContainerStateRemoving {
		return "", errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "cannot mount container %s as it is being removed", c.ID())
	}

	defer c.newContainerEvent(events.Mount)
	return c.mount()
}

// Unmount unmounts a container's filesystem on the host
func (c *Container) Unmount(force bool) error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if c.state.Mounted {
		mounted, err := c.runtime.storageService.MountedContainerImage(c.ID())
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrapf(err, "can't determine how many times %s is mounted, refusing to unmount", c.ID())
		}
		if mounted == 1 {
			if c.ensureState(define.ContainerStateRunning, define.ContainerStatePaused) {
				return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "cannot unmount storage for container %s as it is running or paused", c.ID())
			}
			execSessions, err := c.getActiveExecSessions()
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			if len(execSessions) != 0 {
				return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "container %s has active exec sessions, refusing to unmount", c.ID())
			}
			return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrInternal, "can't unmount %s last mount, it is still in use", c.ID())
		}
	}
	defer c.newContainerEvent(events.Unmount)
	return c.unmount(force)
}

// Pause pauses a container
func (c *Container) Pause() error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if c.state.State == define.ContainerStatePaused {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "%q is already paused", c.ID())
	}
	if c.state.State != define.ContainerStateRunning {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "%q is not running, can't pause", c.state.State)
	}
	defer c.newContainerEvent(events.Pause)
	return c.pause()
}

// Unpause unpauses a container
func (c *Container) Unpause() error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if c.state.State != define.ContainerStatePaused {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "%q is not paused, can't unpause", c.ID())
	}
	defer c.newContainerEvent(events.Unpause)
	return c.unpause()
}

// Export exports a container's root filesystem as a tar archive
// The archive will be saved as a file at the given path
func (c *Container) Export(path string) error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if c.state.State == define.ContainerStateRemoving {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "cannot mount container %s as it is being removed", c.ID())
	}

	defer c.newContainerEvent(events.Mount)
	return c.export(path)
}

// AddArtifact creates and writes to an artifact file for the container
func (c *Container) AddArtifact(name string, data []byte) error {
	if !c.valid {
		return define.ErrCtrRemoved
	}

	return ioutil.WriteFile(c.getArtifactPath(name), data, 0740)
}

// GetArtifact reads the specified artifact file from the container
func (c *Container) GetArtifact(name string) ([]byte, error) {
	if !c.valid {
		return nil, define.ErrCtrRemoved
	}

	return ioutil.ReadFile(c.getArtifactPath(name))
}

// RemoveArtifact deletes the specified artifacts file
func (c *Container) RemoveArtifact(name string) error {
	if !c.valid {
		return define.ErrCtrRemoved
	}

	return os.Remove(c.getArtifactPath(name))
}

// Wait blocks until the container exits and returns its exit code.
func (c *Container) Wait() (int32, error) {
	return c.WaitWithInterval(DefaultWaitInterval)
}

// WaitWithInterval blocks until the container to exit and returns its exit
// code. The argument is the interval at which checks the container's status.
func (c *Container) WaitWithInterval(waitTimeout time.Duration) (int32, error) {
	if !c.valid {
		return -1, define.ErrCtrRemoved
	}

	exitFile, err := c.exitFilePath()
	if err != nil {
		return -1, err
	}
	chWait := make(chan error, 1)

	defer close(chWait)

	for {
		// ignore errors here, it is only used to avoid waiting
		// too long.
		_, _ = WaitForFile(exitFile, chWait, waitTimeout)

		stopped, err := c.isStopped()
		if err != nil {
			return -1, err
		}
		if stopped {
			return c.state.ExitCode, nil
		}
	}
}

func (c *Container) WaitForConditionWithInterval(waitTimeout time.Duration, condition define.ContainerStatus) (int32, error) {
	if !c.valid {
		return -1, define.ErrCtrRemoved
	}
	if condition == define.ContainerStateStopped || condition == define.ContainerStateExited {
		return c.WaitWithInterval(waitTimeout)
	}
	for {
		state, err := c.State()
		if err != nil {
			return -1, err
		}
		if state == condition {
			break
		}
		time.Sleep(waitTimeout)
	}
	return -1, nil
}

// Cleanup unmounts all mount points in container and cleans up container storage
// It also cleans up the network stack
func (c *Container) Cleanup(ctx context.Context) error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	// Check if state is good
	if !c.ensureState(define.ContainerStateConfigured, define.ContainerStateCreated, define.ContainerStateStopped, define.ContainerStateExited) {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "container %s is running or paused, refusing to clean up", c.ID())
	}

	// Handle restart policy.
	// Returns a bool indicating whether we actually restarted.
	// If we did, don't proceed to cleanup - just exit.
	didRestart, err := c.handleRestartPolicy(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if didRestart {
		return nil
	}

	// If we didn't restart, we perform a normal cleanup

	// Check for running exec sessions
	sessions, err := c.getActiveExecSessions()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if len(sessions) > 0 {
		return errors.Wrapf(define.ErrCtrStateInvalid, "container %s has active exec sessions, refusing to clean up", c.ID())
	}

	defer c.newContainerEvent(events.Cleanup)
	return c.cleanup(ctx)
}

// Batch starts a batch operation on the given container
// All commands in the passed function will execute under the same lock and
// without syncronyzing state after each operation
// This will result in substantial performance benefits when running numerous
// commands on the same container
// Note that the container passed into the Batch function cannot be removed
// during batched operations. runtime.RemoveContainer can only be called outside
// of Batch
// Any error returned by the given batch function will be returned unmodified by
// Batch
// As Batch normally disables updating the current state of the container, the
// Sync() function is provided to enable container state to be updated and
// checked within Batch.
func (c *Container) Batch(batchFunc func(*Container) error) error {
	c.lock.Lock()
	defer c.lock.Unlock()

	if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	newCtr := new(Container)
	newCtr.config = c.config
	newCtr.state = c.state
	newCtr.runtime = c.runtime
	newCtr.ociRuntime = c.ociRuntime
	newCtr.lock = c.lock
	newCtr.valid = true

	newCtr.batched = true
	err := batchFunc(newCtr)
	newCtr.batched = false

	return err
}

// Sync updates the status of a container by querying the OCI runtime.
// If the container has not been created inside the OCI runtime, nothing will be
// done.
// Most of the time, Podman does not explicitly query the OCI runtime for
// container status, and instead relies upon exit files created by conmon.
// This can cause a disconnect between running state and what Podman sees in
// cases where Conmon was killed unexpected, or runc was upgraded.
// Running a manual Sync() ensures that container state will be correct in
// such situations.
func (c *Container) Sync() error {
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()
	}

	// If runtime knows about the container, update its status in runtime
	// And then save back to disk
	if c.ensureState(define.ContainerStateCreated, define.ContainerStateRunning, define.ContainerStatePaused, define.ContainerStateStopped) {
		oldState := c.state.State
		if err := c.ociRuntime.UpdateContainerStatus(c); err != nil {
			return err
		}
		// Only save back to DB if state changed
		if c.state.State != oldState {
			if err := c.save(); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}
	}

	defer c.newContainerEvent(events.Sync)
	return nil
}

// Refresh is DEPRECATED and REMOVED.
func (c *Container) Refresh(ctx context.Context) error {
	// This has been deprecated for a long while, and is in the process of
	// being removed.
	return define.ErrNotImplemented
}

// ContainerCheckpointOptions is a struct used to pass the parameters
// for checkpointing (and restoring) to the corresponding functions
type ContainerCheckpointOptions struct {
	// Keep tells the API to not delete checkpoint artifacts
	Keep bool
	// KeepRunning tells the API to keep the container running
	// after writing the checkpoint to disk
	KeepRunning bool
	// TCPEstablished tells the API to checkpoint a container
	// even if it contains established TCP connections
	TCPEstablished bool
	// TargetFile tells the API to read (or write) the checkpoint image
	// from (or to) the filename set in TargetFile
	TargetFile string
	// Name tells the API that during restore from an exported
	// checkpoint archive a new name should be used for the
	// restored container
	Name string
	// IgnoreRootfs tells the API to not export changes to
	// the container's root file-system (or to not import)
	IgnoreRootfs bool
	// IgnoreStaticIP tells the API to ignore the IP set
	// during 'podman run' with '--ip'. This is especially
	// important to be able to restore a container multiple
	// times with '--import --name'.
	IgnoreStaticIP bool
	// IgnoreStaticMAC tells the API to ignore the MAC set
	// during 'podman run' with '--mac-address'. This is especially
	// important to be able to restore a container multiple
	// times with '--import --name'.
	IgnoreStaticMAC bool
}

// Checkpoint checkpoints a container
func (c *Container) Checkpoint(ctx context.Context, options ContainerCheckpointOptions) error {
	logrus.Debugf("Trying to checkpoint container %s", c.ID())

	if options.TargetFile != "" {
		if err := c.prepareCheckpointExport(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return c.checkpoint(ctx, options)
}

// Restore restores a container
func (c *Container) Restore(ctx context.Context, options ContainerCheckpointOptions) error {
	logrus.Debugf("Trying to restore container %s", c.ID())
	if !c.batched {
		c.lock.Lock()
		defer c.lock.Unlock()

		if err := c.syncContainer(); err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	defer c.newContainerEvent(events.Restore)
	return c.restore(ctx, options)
}