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+---
+title: 3D   Tifin umbberez
+slug: Games/Techniques/3D_collision_detection
+translation_of: Games/Techniques/3D_collision_detection
+---
+<div>{{GamesSidebar}}</div>
+
+<p class="summary">Amagrad agi yettakked tazwart i yal itiknikiyen n wablaɣ n ujemmeq yettwasqedcen iw sedday n tifin umbberez deg tiwenaḍin 3D.imagraden n uḍfaṛ i tuddela usedday deg timkkarḍitin tulmisin 3D.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Tankult_n_ujemmeq_usemsawi_ɣef_tinakatin">Tankult n ujemmeq usemsawi ɣef tinakatin</h2>
+
+<p>Am tifin umbberez 2D,<strong>tinakatin ujemmeq asemsawi n ugellus</strong> (TJSG) d iwarzimen izerben i w-guccel n sin-agi  ifendasen n wurar ma yella sembebbin naɣ uhu.ayagi i w-sburu ifendasen n wurar deg yiwet n tanaka ur nezzi.(akka tesemsawi s agellus) u ad tesselken ideggan n tixxamin deg tallunt n imsidag 3D akken ad nẓar ma yella temsembeddint.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/11797/Screen%20Shot%202015-10-16%20at%2015.11.21.png" style="display: block; height: 275px; margin: 0px auto; width: 432px;"></p>
+
+<p><strong>Tugdda yemsemsawin ɣef tanaka</strong> tella i wakken ad illint timellal.asembebbi gar snat n tinakatin ur nezzi nezmer ad ttwadaddent s isnemhal timeẓliwin daya,maca tinakatin yezzin yessefk-asent timehlin timastayin,ig ẓayen i usiḍen.ma ɣuṛwen ifendasen ara yezzin,tzemrem ad tbeddelem iseggiwen n taɣzut n talast i wakken ad yesegrer yal ass taɣawsa,neɣ ma ulac ad yili ufran nniḍen n tanzeggit n talast,am tabluleɣt (yellan ttimsaritin i tuzzya).yeskanay-d amedya n tuzzya n  (TJSG) i  yesmezgay afendas yettezzin,tanaka tettbeddil yal ass tisektiwin i wakken ad tesmezgay akken iwata ɣer tanaka yellan degs.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/11799/rotating_knot.gif" style="display: block; height: 192px; margin: 0px auto; width: 207px;"></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p><strong>Tamawt:</strong> Walit amagrad <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_collision_detection/Bounding_volume_collision_detection_with_THREE.js">Bounding Iblaɣen akked Three.js</a> iw akken ateẓṛem asnulfu yellan tallilt n tatiknikit agi.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h3 id="Ired_mgal_TJSG">Ired mgal TJSG</h3>
+
+<p>Sefqed  ired ma yella deg gensu n TJSG (AABB) ayagi d afrari - neḥwaǧ kan ad nefrari  imsidgen n yired yellan deg gensu n TJSG (AABB);get yal agellus s ubrez.anɣil belli Px, Py ad Pz d imsigen n yired  BminX-BmaxX,BminY-BmaxY ed BminZ-BmaxZ nutenti id tagrummiwin n yal exist n TJSG (AABB),nezmer ad nesḍen ma yeḍṛa-d umbberez gar sin-agi s useqdec n tsemselt-agi:</p>
+
+<p><math><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>&gt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>add</mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∧</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>&lt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>afel</mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>∧</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>&gt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>add</mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi>Y</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∧</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>&lt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>afel</mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi>Y</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>∧</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>&gt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>add</mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∧</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>&lt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>afel</mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="TeX">f(P,B)= (P_x &gt;= B_{minX} \wedge P_x &lt;= B_{maxX}) \wedge (P_y &gt;= B_{minY} \wedge P_y &lt;= B_{maxY}) \wedge (P_z &gt;= B_{minZ} \wedge P_z &lt;= B_{maxZ})</annotation></semantics></math></p>
+
+<p>Anda deg JavaScript:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">Tasɣent d ired deg gensu n TJSB AABB(ired, tanaka) {
+ Tuɣalin(ired.x &gt;= tanaka.addayX &amp;&amp; ired.x &lt;= tanaka.afellayX) &amp;&amp;
+         (ired.y &gt;= tanaka.addayY &amp;&amp; ired.y &lt;= tanaka.afellayY) &amp;&amp;
+         (ired.z &gt;= tanaka.addayY &amp;&amp; ired.z &lt;= tanaka.afellayZ);
+}</pre>
+
+<h3 id="AABB_mgal_AABB">AABB mgal AABB</h3>
+
+<p>Sefqed ma yella AABB imyagger AABB nniḍen deg ukayad n yired.Neḥwaǧ kan ad neg akayad i yal agellas , s useqdec n ibuda n tinakatin.ameskan-agi sedaw-a yeskanay-d akayad i nessedday ɣef ugellus n X-adasil,tiseddaṛin <em>A<sub>ddayX</sub></em>–<em>A<sub>fellayX</sub></em> ed <em>B<sub>ddayX</sub></em>–<em>B<sub>fellayX</sub></em>  semnenint?</p>
+
+<p><img alt="updated version" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/11813/aabb_test.png" style="display: block; height: 346px; margin: 0px auto; width: 461px;"></p>
+
+<p>S tusnakt atan dacu ara d-yefɣen:<math><semantics><mrow><mi></mi></mrow></semantics></math></p>
+
+<p><math><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi></mi><mrow><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi></mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>fellay</mi><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∧</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>fellay</mi><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>dday</mi><mi>X</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>∧</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>dday</mi><mi>Y</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>fellay</mi><mi>Y</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∧</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>fellay</mi><mi>Y</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>dday</mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi>Y</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>∧</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>dday</mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;=</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>fellay</mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∧</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>fellay</mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;<sup>=</sup></mo><msub><mi><sup>B</sup></mi><mrow><mi><sup>fellay</sup></mi><mi></mi><mi></mi><mi><sup>Z</sup></mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false"><sup>)</sup></mo></mrow><annotation encoding="TeX"></annotation></semantics></math><sup>f(A,B) =</sup></p>
+
+<p>u deg JavaScript ad neseqdec aya:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">   Tiseɣnatin myaggerent(a, b) {
+   tuɣalin (a.ddayX &lt;= b.fellayX &amp;&amp; a.fellayX &gt;= b.ddayX) &amp;&amp;
+         (a.ddayY &lt;= b.fellayY &amp;&amp; a.fellayY &gt;= b.ddayY) &amp;&amp;
+         (a.ddayZ &lt;= b.fellayZ &amp;&amp; a.fellayZ &gt;= b.ddayZ); </pre>
+
+<h2 id="Bounding_spheres">Bounding spheres</h2>
+
+<p>Using bounding spheres to detect collisions is a bit more complex than AABB, but still fairly quick to test. The main advantage of spheres is that they are invariant to rotation, so if the wrapped entity rotates, the bounding sphere would still be the same. Their main disadvantage is that unless the entity they are wrapping is actually spherical, the wrapping is usually not a good fit (i.e. wrapping a person with a bounding sphere will cause a lot of false positives, whereas a AABB would be a better match).</p>
+
+<h3 id="Point_versus_sphere">Point versus sphere</h3>
+
+<p>To check whether an sphere contains a point we need to calculate the distance between the point and the sphere's center. If this distance is smaller than or equal to the radius of the sphere, the point is inside it.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/11803/point_vs_sphere.png" style="display: block; height: 262px; margin: 0px auto; width: 385px;"></p>
+
+<p>Taking into account that the euclidean distance between two points <em>A</em> and <em>B</em> is <math><semantics><msqrt><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msqrt><annotation encoding="TeX">\sqrt{(A_x - B_x) ^ 2) + (A_y - B_y)^2 + (A_z - B_z)}</annotation></semantics></math> , our formula for point versus sphere collision detection would work out like so:</p>
+
+<p><math><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;=</mo><msqrt><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></msqrt></mrow><annotation encoding="TeX">f(P,S) = S_{radius} &gt;= \sqrt{(P_x - S_x)^2 + (P_y - S_y)^2 + (P_z - S_z)^2}</annotation></semantics></math></p>
+
+<p>Or in JavaScript:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function isPointInsideSphere(point, sphere) {
+  // we are using multiplications because is faster than calling Math.pow
+  var distance = Math.sqrt((point.x - sphere.x) * (point.x - sphere.x) +
+                           (point.y - sphere.y) * (point.y - sphere.y) +
+                           (point.z - sphere.z) * (point.z - sphere.z));
+  return distance &lt; sphere.radius;
+}
+</pre>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p>The code above features a square root, which can be expensive to calculate. An easy optimization to avoid it consists of squaring the radius, so the optimized equation would instead involve <code>distance &lt; sphere.radius * sphere.radius</code>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h3 id="Sphere_versus_sphere">Sphere versus sphere</h3>
+
+<p>The sphere vs sphere test is similar to the point vs sphere test. What we need to test here is that the distance between the sphere's centers is less than or equal to the sum of their radii.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/11805/sphere_vs_sphere.png" style="display: block; height: 262px; margin: 0px auto; width: 414px;"></p>
+
+<p>Mathematically, this looks like so:</p>
+
+<p><math><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><msqrt><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>y</mi></msub><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo>-</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></msqrt><mo>&lt;=</mo><msub><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="TeX">f(A,B) = \sqrt{(A_x - B_x)^2 + (A_y - B_y)^2 + (A_z - B_z)^2} &lt;= A_{radius} + B_{radius}</annotation></semantics></math></p>
+
+<p>Or in JavaScript:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function intersect(sphere, other) {
+  // we are using multiplications because it's faster than calling Math.pow
+  var distance = Math.sqrt((sphere.x - other.x) * (sphere.x - other.x) +
+                           (sphere.y - other.y) * (sphere.y - other.y) +
+                           (sphere.z - other.z) * (sphere.z - other.z));
+  return distance &lt; (sphere.radius + other.radius); }
+}</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Sphere_versus_AABB">Sphere versus AABB</h3>
+
+<p>Testing whether a sphere and an AABB are colliding is slightly more complicated, but still simple and fast. A logical approach would be to check every vertex of the AABB, doing a point vs sphere test for each one. This is overkill however — testing all the vertices is unnecessary, as we can get away with just calculating the distance between the AABB's <em>closest</em><em> point</em> (not necessarily a vertex) and the sphere's center, seeing if it is less than or equal to the sphere's radius. We can get this value by clamping the sphere's center to the AABB's limits.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/11837/sphere_vs_aabb.png" style="display: block; height: 282px; margin: 0px auto; width: 377px;"></p>
+
+<p>In JavaScript, we'd do this test like so:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function intersect(sphere, box) {
+  // get box closest point to sphere center by clamping
+  var x = Math.max(box.minX, Math.min(sphere.x, box.maxX);
+  var y = Math.max(box.minY, Math.min(sphere.y, box.maxY);
+  var z = Math.max(box.minZ, Math.min(sphere.z, box.maxZ);
+
+  // this is the same as isPointInsideSphere
+  var distance = Math.sqrt((x - sphere.x) * (x - sphere.x) +
+                           (y - sphere.y) * (y - sphere.y) +
+                           (z - sphere.z) * (z - sphere.z));
+
+  return distance &lt; sphere.radius;
+}
+
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Using_a_physics_engine">Using a physics engine</h2>
+
+<p><strong>3D physics engines</strong> provide collision detection algorithms, most of them based on bounding volumes as well. The way a physics engine works is by creating a <strong>physical body</strong>, usually attached to a visual representation of it. This body has properties such as velocity, position, rotation, torque, etc., and also a <strong>physical shape</strong>. This shape is the one that is considered in the collision detection calculations.</p>
+
+<p>We have prepared a <a href="http://mozdevs.github.io/gamedev-js-3d-aabb/physics.html">live collision detection demo</a> (with <a href="https://github.com/mozdevs/gamedev-js-3d-aabb">source code</a>) that you can take a look at to see such techniques in action — this uses the open-source 3D physics engine <a href="https://github.com/schteppe/cannon.js">cannon.js</a>.</p>
+
+<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>
+
+<p>Related articles on MDN:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_collision_detection/Bounding_volume_collision_detection_with_THREE.js">Bounding volumes collision detection with Three.js</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/2D_collision_detection">2D collision detection</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>External resources:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/3383/simple_intersection_tests_for_games.php">Simple intersection tests for games</a> on Gamasutra</li>
+ <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bounding_volume">Bounding volume</a> on Wikipedia</li>
+</ul>
diff --git a/files/kab/games/techniques/3d_on_the_web/basic_theory/index.html b/files/kab/games/techniques/3d_on_the_web/basic_theory/index.html
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+---
+title: Azzegzi n tiszri tamedrut n 3D
+slug: Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Basic_theory
+translation_of: Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Basic_theory
+---
+<div>{{GamesSidebar}}</div><p>Amagrad agi yezzegzey meṛṛa tiszrit n taffa ig wulmen att tissinem mara tebdum leqdic s 3D.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Anagraw_n_tismsidegt">Anagraw n tismsidegt</h2>
+
+<p>3D d tumasant deg sebggen n tallɣa deg tallunt n 3D,s unagraw ig tt wasqedcen iw siḍan n tadeɣṛa.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="Coordinate system" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/13326/mdn-games-3d-coordinate-system.png" style="height: 338px; width: 600px;"></p>
+
+<p>WebGL iseqdac anagraw n tamsidegt n yefus-agellus n x sweṛen ɣer yefus,agellus n y sweṛen d sawen,,agellus n z  sweṛen beṛṛa n wagdil,am akka ne ttwali deg adyagram agi safella.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Taɣawsa">Taɣawsa</h2>
+
+<p>Imeẓliyen n inawen tɣawsiwin ttwassalin s tallat n Vertex.d yiwen n ired deg tallunt ɣuṛes tadeɣṛa ines 3D deg anagraw n tamsidegt u tikkwal n isallen yernnan i ti sesbadu.yal ired yett wasen s wayla yagi.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><strong>Tade</strong>ɣra: yumagit deg tallunt 3D  (x, y, z).</li>
+ <li><strong>Ini</strong>: Ini yesesfel tawaṭfa wazal RGBA (R,G ed B i yibuda azeggaɣ,azyza d asẓerwal,Alpha i tafrawent -meṛṛa azalen teddun seg 0,0 à 1,0).</li>
+ <li><strong>Amagnu:</strong>S wammek ara tglemeḍ talmehla i deg tella vertex.</li>
+ <li><strong>Tasuddest</strong>:Tugna 2D ig zmmer att s waseqdec deg vertex i lmend n udleg n tasna,ye kkad seg ini afrari.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>tzemmrem a tesalim tanzeggit s useqdec n isal agi. — Atan umedya n agasas.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="Cube" lang="Kab" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/13324/mdn-games-3d-cube.png" style="height: 265px; width: 600px;"></p>
+
+<p>Udem n talɣa ye llan daɣawas ger vertices.amedya yiwen ugasas n 8 tikyutin yemgaraden (ired deg tallunt) d 6 udmawen yemgaraden, yalta tett wasers ɣef 4 n vertices.tagnut tesbadu tamehla ideg udem yett wanil.u yerna,s tuqqna n irden,nesnulfuyed idisan n ugasas.tanzeggit tett wasers seg takyut ed wudem, mad angawi d tasuddest,ig seqdacen ini neɣ tugna.ma sdded tanzeggit ɣer tasuddest,ad nesufeɣ tindar.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Iqadusen_n_tikci">Iqadusen n tikci</h2>
+
+<p>iqadusenn n tikci d akala iseg tugniwin ttwaheggant u ttefɣent-ed deg wagdil.iqadusen n tikci tudlift tettaṭaf tiɣawsiwin 3D yett wasersen seg<strong> timenza</strong> yeglemen s tallat n<strong> vertices</strong>,sisnes asekker,ssiḍan <strong>ticlextin</strong> u arriten ɣer 2D s iferdisen.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="Rendering pipeline" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/13334/mdn-games-3d-rendering-pipeline.png" style="height: 225px; width: 600px;"></p>
+
+<p>Tasniremt ig ttwa sqedcen deg zenziɣ agi safella ttagi:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li> <strong>Tammenzut</strong>: Anekcum deg qadusen-tett wasres seg vertices izmmer ad yilli d akerdis,d ired neɣ d izirig.</li>
+ <li><strong>Ticelxet</strong>:Yiwet n tigri 3D n tindar,ig sɛan meṛṛa d ayla yiwet n tindar.</li>
+ <li><strong>Tindar</strong>:<strong> </strong> Ired ɣef ugdil yersen deg iẓiki 2D,ig ṭefen ini RGBA.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Asekker<strong> (vertex) </strong>n tikyutin ed ticelxet ttussihel. —tzemmrem a ttarum i schaders nwen ig sqerdcen tuffɣa.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Asekker_n_vertex">Asekker n vertex</h2>
+
+<p>Asekker n vertex ttwagan iw sdukkel n isalen ɣef vertices tisemdanin iw sdabu n imsidag deg tallunt n 3D iw akken ameshanay a ten iẓeṛ.am tuṭfa n tugna n wadlag id heggam<br>
+ -ye seffk a tesersem tiɣawsiwin timezwura,swel kameṛa,dɣa ṭefed tugna.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="Vertex processing" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/13336/mdn-games-3d-vertex-processing.png" style="height: 338px; width: 600px;"></p>
+
+<p>4 imecwaṛen ig llan deg asekker: tamezwarut tga iw tuddsa n tiɣawsiwin deg amaḍal,sawelen-as<strong> asseɣwel</strong> <strong>n wafrun</strong>.ticki, yella <strong>usseɣwel n iẓeri</strong> ig ttḥadaren ɣef tasdeɣṛiwt ed uslugen n taɣda n kamera deg tallunt 3D.Takamerat ɣuṛes kṛad imesktayen-asun,tanila ed taɣda-yesefk ad ttwa sbadunt iw sayes id yett wasnulfan tura.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="Camera" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/13322/mdn-games-3d-camera.png" style="height: 225px; width: 600px;"></p>
+
+<p>Aseɣwel n tigri (sawelen-as daɣen aseɣwel n tasmuɣlit) tes unmil iɣewwaṛen n taweṣṣaft .yesiswel ayen tezmmer atẓeṛ takamerat —Tawila ɣuṛes tahri n tmuɣli, assaɣ n timeszrit ed Tixtiɣiyin i qarben u i yuden. iw akken a ttissinem ugar eɣret <a href="en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Three.js#Camera">Taseddart kamera</a> ye llan deg magrad  Three.js.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="Camera settings" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/13320/mdn-games-3d-camera-settings.png" style="height: 324px; width: 590px;"></p>
+
+<p>Amecwaṛ aneggaru n usfaylu,ig gllan stufɣa u tinɣers  aqadus n usuɣel.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Isisirew">Isisirew</h2>
+
+<p>Isisirew iselkit timenza (ye llan deg takyut yedduden) deg tiẓri n icelxen.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="Rasterization" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/13332/mdn-games-3d-rasterization.png" style="height: 338px; width: 600px;"></p>
+
+<p>Ticlextin agi-ig llan d isenẓaṛen 3D iferdisen n tugna 2D-myedrasen ɣef iẓiki n iferdisen n tugna,iw akken ad yezmmir asiggez ɣef  wagdil 2D deg mecwar n wazday tuffɣa.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Asekker_n_icelxan">Asekker n icelxan</h2>
+
+<p>Fragment processing focuses on textures and lighting — it calculates final colors based on the given parameters.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="Fragment processing" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/13328/mdn-games-3d-fragment-processing.png" style="height: 338px; width: 600px;"></p>
+
+<h3 id="Tasuddest">Tasuddest</h3>
+
+<p>Textures are 2D images used in the 3D space to make the objects look better and more realistic. Textures are combined from single texture elements called texels the same way picture elements are combined from pixels. Applying textures onto objects during the fragment processing stage of the rendering pipeline allows us to adjust it by wrapping and filtering it if necessary.</p>
+
+<p>Texture wrapping allows us to repeat the 2D image around the 3D object. Texture filtering is applied when the original resolution or the texture image is different from the displayed fragment — it will be minified or magnified accordingly.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Tafat">Tafat</h3>
+
+<p>The colors we see on the screen is a result of the light source interacting with the surface colors of the object's material. Light might be absorbed or reflected. The standard <strong>Phong Lighting Model</strong> implemented in WebGL has four basic types of lighting:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><strong>Snezwi</strong>: A distant directional light, like the sun.</li>
+ <li><strong>Specular</strong>: A point of light, just like a light bulb in a room or a flash light.</li>
+ <li><strong>Isweɣ</strong>: The constant light applied to everything on the scene.</li>
+ <li><strong>Asgel</strong>: The light emitted directly by the object.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="Azday_n_tufɣa">Azday n tufɣa</h2>
+
+<p>During the output manipulation stage all the fragments of the primitives from the 3D space are transformed into a 2D grid of pixels that are then printed out on the screen display.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="Output merging" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/13330/mdn-games-3d-output-merging.png" style="height: 338px; width: 600px;"></p>
+
+<p>During output merging some processing is also applied to ignore information that is not needed — for example the parameters of objects that are outside of the screen or behind other objects, and thus not visible, are not calculated.</p>
+
+<ul>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="Tarayt">Tarayt</h2>
+
+<p>Now you know the basic theory behind 3D manipulation. If you want to move on to practice and see some demos in action, follow up with the tutorials below:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Three.js">Building up a basic demo with Three.js</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Babylon.js">Building up a basic demo with Babylon.js</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_PlayCanvas">Building up a basic demo with PlayCanvas</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_A-Frame">Building up a basic demo with A-Frame</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Go ahead and create some cool cutting-edge 3D experiments yourself!</p>
diff --git a/files/kab/games/techniques/3d_on_the_web/index.html b/files/kab/games/techniques/3d_on_the_web/index.html
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+---
+title: 3D games on the Web
+slug: Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web
+tags:
+  - Games
+  - Graphics
+  - NeedsContent
+  - NeedsExample
+  - NeedsTranslation
+  - TopicStub
+  - WebGL
+  - WebVR
+  - three.js
+translation_of: Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web
+---
+<div>{{GamesSidebar}}</div><p class="summary">For rich gaming experiences on the Web the weapon of choice is WebGL, which is rendered on HTML {{htmlelement("canvas")}}. WebGL is basically an OpenGL ES 2.0 for the Web — it's a JavaScript API providing tools to build rich interactive animations and of course also games. You can generate and render dynamic 3D graphics with JavaScript that is hardware accelerated.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Documentation_and_browser_support">Documentation and browser support</h2>
+
+<p>The <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API">WebGL</a> project documentation and specification is maintained by the <a href="https://www.khronos.org/">Khronos Group</a>, not the W3C as with most of the Web APIs. Support on modern browsers is very good, even on mobile, so you don't have to worry about that too much. The main browsers are all supporting WebGL and all you need to focus on is optimizing the performance on the devices you use.</p>
+
+<p>There's an ongoing effort on releasing WebGL 2.0 (based on OpenGL ES 3.0) in the near future, which will bring many improvements and will help developers build games for the modern Web using current, powerful hardware.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Explaining_basic_3D_theory">Explaining basic 3D theory</h2>
+
+<p>The basics of 3D theory centers around shapes represented in a 3D space, with a coordinate system being used to calculate their positions. See our <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Basic_theory">Explaining basic 3D theory</a> article for all the information you need.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Advanced_concepts">Advanced concepts</h2>
+
+<p>You can do a lot more with WebGL. There are some advanced concepts which you should dive into and learn more about — like shaders, collision detection, or the latest hot topic — virtual reality on the web.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Shaders">Shaders</h3>
+
+<p>It's worth mentioning shaders, which are a separate story on their own. Shaders use GLSL, a special OpenGL Shading Language with syntax similar to C that is executed directly by the graphics pipeline. They can be split into Vertex Shaders and Fragment Shaders (or Pixel Shaders) — the former transforms shape positions to real 3D drawing coordinates, while the latter computes rendering colors and other attributes. You should definitely check out <a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/GLSL_Shaders">GLSL Shaders</a> article to learn more about them.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Collision_Detection">Collision Detection</h3>
+
+<p>It's hard to imagine a game without the collision detection — we always need to work out when something is hitting something else. We have information available for your to learn from:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/2D_collision_detection">2D collision detection</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_collision_detection">3D collision detection</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="WebVR">WebVR</h3>
+
+<p>The concept of virtual reality is not new, but it's storming onto the web thanks to hardware advancements such as the <a href="https://www.oculus.com/en-us/rift/">Oculus Rift</a>, and the (currently experimental) <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebVR_API">WebVR API</a> for capturing information form VR hardware and making it available for use in JavaScript applications. For more, read <a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/WebVR">WebVR — Virtual Reality for the Web</a>.</p>
+
+<p>There's also the <a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_A-Frame">Building up a basic demo with A-Frame</a> article showing you how easy it is to build 3D environments for virtual reality using the <a href="http://aframe.io/">A-Frame</a> framework.</p>
+
+<h2 id="The_rise_of_libraries_and_frameworks">The rise of libraries and frameworks</h2>
+
+<p>Coding raw WebGL is fairly complex, but you'll want to get to grips with it in the long run, as your projects get more advanced (see our <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API">WebGL documentation</a> to get started.) For real world projects you'll probably also make use of a framework to speed up development and help you manage the project you're working on. Using a framework for 3D games also helps optimize the performance as a lot is taken care of by the tools you use, so you can focus on building the game itself.</p>
+
+<p>The most popular JavaScript 3D library is <a href="http://threejs.org/">Three.js</a>, a multi-purpose tool that makes common 3D techniques simpler to implement. There are other popular game development libraries and frameworks worth checking too; <a href="https://aframe.io">A-Frame</a>, <a href="https://playcanvas.com/">PlayCanvas</a> and <a href="http://www.babylonjs.com/">Babylon.js</a> are among the most recognizable ones with rich documentation, online editors and active communities.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Three.js">Building up a basic demo with Three.js</h3>
+
+<p>Three.js, as any other library, gives you a huge advantage: instead of writing hundreds of lines of WebGL code to build anything interesting you can use built-in helper functions to do it a lot easier and faster. See the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Three.js">Building up a basic demo with Three.js</a> subpage for the step-by-step process of creating the demo.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_A-Frame">Building up a basic demo with A-Frame</h3>
+
+<p>A-Frame is a web framework for building 3D and VR experiences. Under the hood, it is a three.js framework with a declarative entity-component pattern, meaning we can build scenes with just HTML. See the <a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_A-Frame">Building up a basic demo with A-Frame</a> subpage for the step-by-step process of creating the demo.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Whitestorm.js">Building up a basic demo with Whitestorm.js</h3>
+
+<p>Whitestorm.js is a framework built on the top of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Three.js">Three.js</a> technology. It's main distinction is existance of built-in Physics engine and Plugin system based on <a href="http://npmjs.com/">NPM</a>. See <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Whitestorm.js">Building up a basic demo with Whitestorm.js</a> for further reading, tutorials and examples of making basic and even complex apps or games using this framework in pair with Three.js.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_PlayCanvas">Building up a basic demo with PlayCanvas</h3>
+
+<p>PlayCanvas is a popular 3D WebGL game engine open sourced on GitHub, with an editor available online and good documentation. See the <a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_PlayCanvas">Building up a basic demo with PlayCanvas</a> subpage for high level details, and further articles showing how to create demos using the PlayCanvas library, and the online editor.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Babylon.js">Building up a basic demo with Babylon.js</h3>
+
+<p><span class="seosummary">Babylon.js is one of the most popular 3D game engines used by developers. As with any other 3D library it provides built-in functions to help you implement common 3D functionality more quickly. See the <a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Babylon.js">Building up a basic demo with Babylon.js</a> subpage for the basics of using Babylon.js, including setting up a development environment, structuring the necessary HTML, and writing the JavaScript code.</span></p>
+
+<h3 id="Other_tools">Other tools</h3>
+
+<p>Both <a href="http://unity3d.com/">Unity</a> and <a href="https://www.unrealengine.com/">Unreal</a> can export your game to <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API">WebGL</a> with <a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Tools/asm.js">asm.js</a>, so you're free to use their tools and techniques to build games that will be exported to the web.</p>
+
+<p><img alt="" src="http://end3r.github.io/MDN-Games-3D/A-Frame/img/shapes.png" style="border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: block; margin: 0px auto;"></p>
+
+<h2 id="Where_to_go_next">Where to go next</h2>
+
+<p>With this article we just scratched the surface of what's possible with currently available technologies. You can build immersive, beautiful and fast 3D games on the Web using WebGL, and the libraries and frameworks build on top of it.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Source_code">Source code</h3>
+
+<p>You can find all the source code for this series <a href="http://end3r.github.io/MDN-Games-3D/">demos on GitHub</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="APIs">APIs</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Canvas_API">Canvas API</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API">WebGL API</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebVR_API">WebVR API</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="Frameworks">Frameworks</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://threejs.org/">Three.js</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://whitestormjs.xyz/">Whitestorm.js</a> (based on Three.js)</li>
+ <li><a href="https://playcanvas.com/">PlayCanvas</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.babylonjs.com/">Babylon.js</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://aframe.io/">A-Frame</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="Tutorials">Tutorials</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Three.js">Building up a basic demo with Three.js</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Whitestorm.js">Building up a basic demo with Whitestorm.js</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_PlayCanvas">Building up a basic demo with PlayCanvas</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_Babylon.js">Building up a basic demo with Babylon.js</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/3D_on_the_web/Building_up_a_basic_demo_with_A-Frame">Building up a basic demo with A-Frame</a></li>
+</ul>
diff --git a/files/kab/games/techniques/index.html b/files/kab/games/techniques/index.html
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+---
+title: Techniques for game development
+slug: Games/Techniques
+tags:
+  - Games
+  - Guide
+  - NeedsTranslation
+  - TopicStub
+translation_of: Games/Techniques
+---
+<div>{{GamesSidebar}}</div><div>{{IncludeSubnav("/en-US/docs/Games")}}</div>
+
+<div class="summary">
+<p><span class="seoSummary">This page lists essential core techniques for anyone wanting to develop games using open web technologies.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/Async_scripts">Using async scripts for asm.js</a></dt>
+ <dd>Especially when creating medium to large-sized games, async scripts are an essential technique to take advantage of, so that your game's JavaScript can be compiled off the main thread and be cached for future game running, resulting in a significant performance improvement for your users. This article explains how.</dd>
+ <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Apps/Developing/Optimizing_startup_performance" title="/en-US/docs/Apps/Developing/Optimizing_startup_performance">Optimizing startup performance</a></dt>
+ <dd>How to make sure your game starts up quickly, smoothly, and without appearing to lock up the user's browser or device.</dd>
+ <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/WebRTC_data_channels" title="/en-US/docs/Games/WebRTC_data_channels">Using WebRTC peer-to-peer data channels</a></dt>
+ <dd>In addition to providing support for audio and video communication, WebRTC lets you set up peer-to-peer data channels to exchange text or binary data actively between your players. This article explains what this can do for you, and shows how to use libraries that make this easy.</dd>
+ <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/Efficient_animation_for_web_games">Efficient animation for web games</a></dt>
+ <dd>This article covers techniques and advice for creating efficient animation for web games, with a slant towards supporting lower end devices such as mobile phones. We touch on CSS transitions and CSS animations, and JavaScript loops involving {{ domxref("window.requestAnimationFrame") }}.</dd>
+ <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/Audio_for_Web_Games">Audio for Web Games</a></dt>
+ <dd>Audio is an important part of any game — it adds feedback and atmosphere. Web-based audio is maturing fast, but there are still many browser differences to negotiate. This article provides a detailed guide to implementing audio for web games, looking at what works currently across as wide a range of platforms as possible.</dd>
+ <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/2D_collision_detection">2D collision detection</a></dt>
+ <dd>A concise introduction to collision detection in 2D games.</dd>
+ <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Games/Techniques/Tilemaps">Tilemaps</a></dt>
+ <dd>Tiles are a very popular technique in 2D games for building the game world. These articles provide an introduction to tilemaps and how to implement them with the Canvas API.</dd>
+</dl>