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authorPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
committerPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
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+---
+title: Document.getElementsByClassName()
+slug: Web/API/Document/getElementsByClassName
+tags:
+ - API
+ - DOM
+ - HTML5
+translation_of: Web/API/Document/getElementsByClassName
+---
+<p id="Summary">{{APIRef("DOM")}}</p>
+
+<p>返回一个包含了所有指定类名的子元素的类数组对象。当在document对象上调用时,会搜索整个DOM文档,包含根节点。你也可以在任意元素上调用{{domxref("Element.getElementsByClassName", "getElementsByClassName()")}} 方法,它将返回的是以当前元素为根节点,所有指定类名的子元素。</p>
+
+<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox"><var>var elements</var> = document.getElementsByClassName(<em>names</em>); // or:
+<var>var elements</var> = rootElement.getElementsByClassName(<em>names</em>);</pre>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><var>elements</var> 是一个实时{{ domxref("HTMLCollection", "集合") }},包含了找到的所有元素。</li>
+ <li><var>names</var> 是一个字符串,表示要匹配的类名列表;类名通过空格分隔</li>
+ <li>getElementsByClassName 可以在任何元素上调用,不仅仅是 document。 调用这个方法的元素将作为本次查找的根元素.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="Examples" name="Examples">示例</h2>
+
+<p>获取所有 class 为 'test' 的元素:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">document.getElementsByClassName('test');</pre>
+
+<p>获取所有 class 同时包括 'red' 和 'test' 的元素.</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">document.getElementsByClassName('red test');</pre>
+
+<p>在id 为'main'的元素的子节点中,获取所有class为'test'的元素</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">document.getElementById('main').getElementsByClassName('test');</pre>
+
+<p>我们还可以对任意的  {{ domxref("HTMLCollection") }} 使用 Array.prototype 的方法,调用时传递  <var>HTMLCollection</var> 作为方法的参数。这里我们将查找到所有class为 'test' 的 div 元素:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">var testElements = document.getElementsByClassName('test');
+var testDivs = Array.prototype.filter.call(testElements, function(testElement){
+ return testElement.nodeName === 'DIV';
+});
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="获取第一个类名为_test_的元素">获取第一个类名为 test 的元素</h3>
+
+<p>这是 <code>getElementsByClassName()</code> 的通常用法:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;html&gt;
+&lt;body&gt;
+
+ &lt;div id="parent-id"&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;hello world 1&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p class="test"&gt;hello world 2&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;hello world 3&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;p&gt;hello world 4&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/div&gt;
+
+ &lt;script&gt;
+ var parentDOM = document.getElementById("parent-id");
+
+ var test = parentDOM.getElementsByClassName("test"); // 匹配类名的元素集合,不是元素本身
+ console.log(test); //HTMLCollection[1]
+
+ var testTarget = parentDOM.getElementsByClassName("test")[0]; // 我们想要取到的第一个元素
+ console.log(testTarget); //&lt;p class="test"&gt;hello world 2&lt;/p&gt;
+ &lt;/script&gt;
+&lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+<h2 id="多个_Class_示例">多个 Class 示例</h2>
+
+<p><code>document.getElementsByClassName</code> 的工作方式与 <code>document.querySelector</code> 和 <code>document.querySelectorAll</code> 很相似。 只有所有 className 都匹配的元素会被选择。</p>
+
+<h3 id="HTML">HTML</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: html"><code>&lt;span class="orange fruit"&gt;Orange Fruit&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;span class="orange juice"&gt;Orange Juice&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;span class="apple juice"&gt;Apple Juice&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;span class="foo bar"&gt;Something Random&lt;/span&gt;
+&lt;textarea id="resultArea" style="width:100%;height:7em"&gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;</code></pre>
+
+<h3 id="JavaScript">JavaScript</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: js"><code>// getElementsByClassName selects partial matches
+var allOrangeJuiceByClass = document.getElementsByClassName('orange juice');
+var result = "document.getElementsByClassName('orange juice')";
+for (var i=0, len=allOrangeJuiceByClass.length|0; i&lt;len; i=i+1|0) {
+ result += "\n " + allOrangeJuiceByClass[i].textContent;
+}
+
+
+// querySelector only selects full complete matches
+var allOrangeJuiceQuery = document.querySelectorAll('.orange.juice');
+result += "\n\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.orange.juice')";
+for (var i=0, len=allOrangeJuiceQuery.length|0; i&lt;len; i=i+1|0) {
+ result += "\n " + allOrangeJuiceQuery[i].textContent;
+}
+
+document.getElementById("resultArea").value = result;</code></pre>
+
+<h3 id="结果">结果</h3>
+
+<p>{{EmbedLiveSample('Multiple_Classes_Example')}}</p>
+
+<h2 id="Specification" name="Specification">规范</h2>
+
+<table>
+ <thead>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+ <th scope="col">Status</th>
+ <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+ </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('DOM WHATWG', '#dom-document-getelementsbyclassname', 'document.getElementsByClassName')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('DOM WHATWG')}}</td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
+
+<p>{{Compat("api.Document.getElementsByClassName")}}</p>