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diff --git a/files/de/web/accessibility/understanding_wcag/index.html b/files/de/web/accessibility/understanding_wcag/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index fe71b20ebc..0000000000 --- a/files/de/web/accessibility/understanding_wcag/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,59 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Understanding the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines -slug: Web/Accessibility/Understanding_WCAG -tags: - - NeedsTranslation - - TopicStub - - WCAG - - Web Content Accessibility Guidelines -translation_of: Web/Accessibility/Understanding_WCAG ---- -<p class="summary">This set of articles provides quick explanations to help you understand the steps that need to be taken to conform to the recommendations outlined in the W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 or 2.1 (or just WCAG, for the purposes of this writing).</p> - -<p>The WCAG 2.0 and 2.1 provide a detailed set of guidelines for making web content more accessible to people with a wide variety of disabilities. It is comprehensive but incredibly detailed, and quite difficult to gain a rapid understanding of. For this reason, we have summarised the practical steps you need to take to satisfy the different recommendations, with further links to more details where required.</p> - -<h2 id="The_four_principles">The four principles</h2> - -<p>WCAG is broadly broken down into four principles — major things that web content <strong>must be</strong> to be considered accessible (see <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/intro.html#introduction-fourprincs-head">Understanding the Four Principles of Accessibility </a>for the WCAG definitions).</p> - -<p>Each of the links below will take you to pages that further expand on these areas, giving you practical advice on how to write your web content so it conforms to the success criteria outlined in each of the WCAG 2.0 and 2.1 guidelines that further sub-divides each principle.</p> - -<ul> - <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/user:chrisdavidmills/Understanding_WCAG/Perceivable">Perceivable:</a> Users must be able to perceive it in some way, using one or more of their senses.</li> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/user:chrisdavidmills/Understanding_WCAG/Operable">Operable</a>: Users must be able to control UI elements (e.g. buttons must be clickable in some way — mouse, keyboard, voice command, etc.).</li> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/user:chrisdavidmills/Understanding_WCAG/Understandable">Understandable</a>: The content must be understandable to its users.</li> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/user:chrisdavidmills/Understanding_WCAG/Robust">Robust</a>: The content must be developed using well-adopted web standards that will work across different browsers, now and in the future.</li> -</ul> - -<h2 id="Should_I_use_WCAG_2.0_or_2.1">Should I use WCAG 2.0 or 2.1?</h2> - -<p>WCAG 2.1 is the most recent and relevant accessibility standard. Use WCAG 2.1 to help more people with disabilities and reduce the future legal risk for web site owners. Target WCAG 2.0 first when allocating resources. Then step up to WCAG 2.1. </p> - -<h3 id="What_is_WCAG_2.1">What is WCAG 2.1?</h3> - -<p>WCAG 2.1 was published as an official recommendation on 05 June 2018. The European Union (EU) adopted WCAG 2.1 as the digital accessibility standard in September 2018. W3C published a press release <a href="https://www.w3.org/blog/2018/09/wcag-2-1-adoption-in-europe/">WCAG 2.1 Adoption in Europe</a>. </p> - -<p>WCAG 2.1 includes:</p> - -<ul> - <li>all of WCAG 2.0 (verbatim, word-for-word)</li> - <li>17 new Success Criteria at the A / AA / AAA levels primarily addressing user needs in these areas: - <ul> - <li>Mobile Accessibility </li> - <li>Low Vision</li> - <li>Cognitive</li> - </ul> - </li> - <li>Read more about WCAG 2.1: - <ul> - <li>Deque: <a href="https://www.deque.com/blog/wcag-2-1-what-is-next-for-accessibility-guidelines/">WCAG 2.1: What is Next for Accessibility Guidelines</a></li> - <li>TPG: <a href="https://developer.paciellogroup.com/blog/2018/06/web-content-accessibility-guidelines-wcag-2-1/">Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1</a></li> - </ul> - </li> -</ul> - -<h2 id="Legal_standing">Legal standing</h2> - -<p>This guide is intended to provide practical information to help you build better, more accessible websites. However, we are not lawyers, and none of this constitutes legal advice. If you are worried about the legal implications of web accessibility, we'd recommend that you check the specific legislation governing accessibility for the web/public resources in your country or locale, and seek the advice of a qualified lawyer.</p> - -<p><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility">What is accessibility?</a> and particularity the <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility/What_is_accessibility#Accessibility_guidelines_and_the_law">Accessibility guidelines and the law</a> section provide more related information.</p> diff --git a/files/de/web/api/xmlhttprequest/using_xmlhttprequest/index.html b/files/de/web/api/xmlhttprequest/using_xmlhttprequest/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 5e1287ddac..0000000000 --- a/files/de/web/api/xmlhttprequest/using_xmlhttprequest/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,788 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Using XMLHttpRequest -slug: Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/Using_XMLHttpRequest -translation_of: Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/Using_XMLHttpRequest ---- -<div><font><font>{{APIRef ("XMLHttpRequest")}}</font></font></div> - -<p><span class="seoSummary"><font><font>In diesem Handbuch wird erläutert, wie Sie mit {{domxref ("XMLHttpRequest")}} </font></font><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP"><font><font>HTTP-</font></font></a><font><font> Anforderungen </font><font>ausgeben </font><font>, um Daten zwischen der Website und einem Server auszutauschen</font></font></span><font><font> . </font><font>Beispiele für häufig vorkommende und unklarere Anwendungsfälle </font></font><code>XMLHttpRequest</code><font><font>sind enthalten.</font></font></p> - -<p><font><font>Um eine HTTP-Anfrage zu senden, erstellen Sie ein </font></font><code>XMLHttpRequest</code><font><font>Objekt, öffnen Sie eine URL und senden Sie die Anfrage. </font><font>Nach Abschluss der Transaktion enthält das Objekt nützliche Informationen wie den Antworttext und den </font></font><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status"><font><font>HTTP-Status</font></font></a><font><font> des Ergebnisses.</font></font></p> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function reqListener () { - console.log(this.responseText); -} - -var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); -oReq.addEventListener("load", reqListener); -oReq.open("GET", "http://www.example.org/example.txt"); -oReq.send();</pre> - -<h2 id="Arten_von_Anfragen"><font><font>Arten von Anfragen</font></font></h2> - -<div class="blockIndicator note"> -<p><font><font>Eine Anforderung über </font></font><code>XMLHttpRequest</code><font><font>kann die Daten auf zwei Arten asynchron oder synchron abrufen. </font><font>Die Art der Anforderung wird durch das optionale </font></font><code>async</code><font><font>Argument (das dritte Argument) bestimmt, das für die Methode {{domxref ("XMLHttpRequest.open ()")}} festgelegt wird. </font><font>Wenn dieses Argument angegeben ist </font></font><code>true</code><font><font>oder nicht, </font></font><code>XMLHttpRequest</code><font><font>wird das asynchron verarbeitet, andernfalls wird der Prozess synchron behandelt. </font><font>Eine ausführliche Diskussion und Demonstration dieser beiden Arten von Anforderungen finden Sie auf der Seite für </font></font><a href="/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest/Synchronous_and_Asynchronous_Requests"><font><font>synchrone und asynchrone Anforderungen</font></font></a><font><font> . </font><font>Verwenden Sie keine synchronen Anforderungen außerhalb von Web Workers.</font></font></p> -</div> - -<div class="note"><strong><font><font>Hinweis:</font></font></strong><font><font> Ab Gecko 30.0 {{geckoRelease ("30.0")}} sind synchrone Anforderungen im Hauptthread aufgrund der negativen Auswirkungen auf die Benutzererfahrung veraltet.</font></font></div> - -<div class="note"><strong><font><font>Hinweis:</font></font></strong><font><font> Die Konstruktorfunktion </font></font><code>XMLHttpRequest</code><font><font>ist nicht nur auf XML-Dokumente beschränkt. </font><font>Es beginnt mit </font></font><strong><font><font>"XML",</font></font></strong><font><font> da das Hauptformat, das ursprünglich für den asynchronen Datenaustausch verwendet wurde, bei der Erstellung XML war</font></font></div> - -<h2 id="Umgang_mit_Antworten"><font><font>Umgang mit Antworten</font></font></h2> - -<p><font><font>Es gibt verschiedene Arten von </font></font><a href="https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/"><font><font>Antwortattributen,</font></font></a><font><font> die durch die Living Standard-Spezifikation für den Konstruktor {{domxref ("XMLHttpRequest.XMLHttpRequest", "XMLHttpRequest ()")}} definiert sind. </font><font>Diese teilen dem Kunden die </font></font><code>XMLHttpRequest</code><font><font>wichtigen Informationen über den Status der Antwort mit. </font><font>In den folgenden Abschnitten werden einige Fälle beschrieben, in denen der Umgang mit Nicht-Text-Antworttypen möglicherweise manipuliert und analysiert wird.</font></font></p> - -<h3 id="Analysieren_und_Bearbeiten_der_responseXML-Eigenschaft"><font><font>Analysieren und Bearbeiten der responseXML-Eigenschaft</font></font></h3> - -<p>If you use <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> to get the content of a remote XML document, the {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.responseXML", "responseXML")}} property will be a DOM object containing a parsed XML document. This could prove difficult to manipulate and analyze. There are four primary ways of analyzing this XML document:</p> - -<ol> - <li>Using <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/XPath">XPath</a> to address (or point to) parts of it.</li> - <li>Manually <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/Parsing_and_serializing_XML">Parsing and serializing XML</a> to strings or objects.</li> - <li>Using {{domxref("XMLSerializer")}} to serialize <strong>DOM trees to strings or to files</strong>.</li> - <li>{{jsxref("RegExp")}} can be used if you always know the content of the XML document beforehand. You might want to remove line breaks, if you use <code>RegExp</code> to scan with regard to line breaks. However, this method is a "last resort" since if the XML code changes slightly, the method will likely fail.</li> -</ol> - -<div class="note"> -<p><strong>Note:</strong> <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> can now interpret HTML for you using the {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.responseXML", "responseXML")}} property. Read the article about <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/HTML_in_XMLHttpRequest">HTML in XMLHttpRequest</a> to learn how to do this.</p> -</div> - -<h3 id="Processing_a_responseText_property_containing_an_HTML_document">Processing a responseText property containing an HTML document</h3> - -<p>If you use <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> to get the content of a remote HTML webpage, the {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.responseText", "responseText")}} property is a string containing the raw HTML. This could prove difficult to manipulate and analyze. There are three primary ways to analyze and parse this raw HTML string:</p> - -<ol> - <li>Use the <code>XMLHttpRequest.responseXML</code> property as covered in the article <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/HTML_in_XMLHttpRequest">HTML in XMLHttpRequest</a>.</li> - <li>Inject the content into the body of a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/DocumentFragment">document fragment</a> via <code>fragment.body.innerHTML</code> and traverse the DOM of the fragment.</li> - <li>{{jsxref("RegExp")}} can be used if you always know the content of the HTML <code>responseText</code> beforehand. You might want to remove line breaks, if you use RegExp to scan with regard to linebreaks. However, this method is a "last resort" since if the HTML code changes slightly, the method will likely fail.</li> -</ol> - -<h2 id="Handling_binary_data">Handling binary data</h2> - -<p>Although {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest")}} is most commonly used to send and receive textual data, it can be used to send and receive binary content. There are several well tested methods for coercing the response of an <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> into sending binary data. These involve utilizing the {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.overrideMimeType", "overrideMimeType()")}} method on the <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> object and is a workable solution.</p> - -<pre class="brush:js notranslate">var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); -oReq.open("GET", url); -// retrieve data unprocessed as a binary string -oReq.overrideMimeType("text/plain; charset=x-user-defined"); -/* ... */ -</pre> - -<p>However, more modern techniques are available, since the {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.responseType", "responseType")}} attribute now supports a number of additional content types, which makes sending and receiving binary data much easier.</p> - -<p>For example, consider this snippet, which uses the <code>responseType</code> of "<code>arraybuffer</code>" to fetch the remote content into a {{jsxref("ArrayBuffer")}} object, which stores the raw binary data.</p> - -<pre class="brush:js notranslate">var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); - -oReq.onload = function(e) { - var arraybuffer = oReq.response; // not responseText - /* ... */ -} -oReq.open("GET", url); -oReq.responseType = "arraybuffer"; -oReq.send();</pre> - -<p>For more examples check out the <a href="/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest/Sending_and_Receiving_Binary_Data">Sending and Receiving Binary Data</a> page</p> - -<h2 id="Monitoring_progress">Monitoring progress</h2> - -<p><code>XMLHttpRequest</code> provides the ability to listen to various events that can occur while the request is being processed. This includes periodic progress notifications, error notifications, and so forth.</p> - -<p>Support for DOM {{event("progress")}} event monitoring of <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> transfers follows the <a href="https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/#interface-progressevent">specification for progress events</a>: these events implement the {{domxref("ProgressEvent")}} interface. The actual events you can monitor to determine the state of an ongoing transfer are:</p> - -<dl> - <dt>{{event("progress")}}</dt> - <dd>The amount of data that has been retrieved has changed.</dd> - <dt>{{event("load")}}</dt> - <dd>The transfer is complete; all data is now in the <code>response</code></dd> -</dl> - -<pre class="brush:js notranslate">var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); - -oReq.addEventListener("progress", updateProgress); -oReq.addEventListener("load", transferComplete); -oReq.addEventListener("error", transferFailed); -oReq.addEventListener("abort", transferCanceled); - -oReq.open(); - -// ... - -// progress on transfers from the server to the client (downloads) -function updateProgress (oEvent) { - if (oEvent.lengthComputable) { - var percentComplete = oEvent.loaded / oEvent.total * 100; - // ... - } else { - // Unable to compute progress information since the total size is unknown - } -} - -function transferComplete(evt) { - console.log("The transfer is complete."); -} - -function transferFailed(evt) { - console.log("An error occurred while transferring the file."); -} - -function transferCanceled(evt) { - console.log("The transfer has been canceled by the user."); -}</pre> - -<p>Lines 3-6 add event listeners for the various events that are sent while performing a data transfer using <code>XMLHttpRequest</code>.</p> - -<div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> You need to add the event listeners before calling <code>open()</code> on the request. Otherwise the <code>progress</code> events will not fire.</div> - -<p>The progress event handler, specified by the <code>updateProgress()</code> function in this example, receives the total number of bytes to transfer as well as the number of bytes transferred so far in the event's <code>total</code> and <code>loaded</code> fields. However, if the <code>lengthComputable</code> field is false, the total length is not known and will be zero.</p> - -<p>Progress events exist for both download and upload transfers. The download events are fired on the <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> object itself, as shown in the above sample. The upload events are fired on the <code>XMLHttpRequest.upload</code> object, as shown below:</p> - -<pre class="brush:js notranslate">var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); - -oReq.upload.addEventListener("progress", updateProgress); -oReq.upload.addEventListener("load", transferComplete); -oReq.upload.addEventListener("error", transferFailed); -oReq.upload.addEventListener("abort", transferCanceled); - -oReq.open(); -</pre> - -<div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Progress events are not available for the <code>file:</code> protocol.</div> - -<div class="note"> -<p><strong>Note:</strong> Starting in {{Gecko("9.0")}}, progress events can now be relied upon to come in for every chunk of data received, including the last chunk in cases in which the last packet is received and the connection closed before the progress event is fired. In this case, the progress event is automatically fired when the load event occurs for that packet. This lets you now reliably monitor progress by only watching the "progress" event.</p> -</div> - -<div class="note"> -<p><strong>Note:</strong> As of {{Gecko("12.0")}}, if your progress event is called with a <code>responseType</code> of "moz-blob", the value of response is a {{domxref("Blob")}} containing the data received so far.</p> -</div> - -<p>One can also detect all three load-ending conditions (<code>abort</code>, <code>load</code>, or <code>error</code>) using the <code>loadend</code> event:</p> - -<pre class="brush:js notranslate">req.addEventListener("loadend", loadEnd); - -function loadEnd(e) { - console.log("The transfer finished (although we don't know if it succeeded or not)."); -} -</pre> - -<p>Note there is no way to be certain, from the information received by the <code>loadend</code> event, as to which condition caused the operation to terminate; however, you can use this to handle tasks that need to be performed in all end-of-transfer scenarios.</p> - -<h2 id="Submitting_forms_and_uploading_files">Submitting forms and uploading files</h2> - -<p>Instances of <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> can be used to submit forms in two ways:</p> - -<ul> - <li>using only AJAX</li> - <li>using the {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.FormData", "FormData")}} API</li> -</ul> - -<p>Using the <code>FormData</code> API is the simplest and fastest, but has the disadvantage that data collected can not be <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/stringify">stringified</a>.<br> - Using only AJAX is more complex, but typically more flexible and powerful.</p> - -<h3 id="Using_nothing_but_XMLHttpRequest">Using nothing but <code>XMLHttpRequest</code></h3> - -<p>Submitting forms without the <code>FormData</code> API does not require other APIs for most use cases. The only case where you need an additional API is <strong>if you want to upload one or more files</strong>, where you use the {{domxref("FileReader")}} API.</p> - -<h4 id="A_brief_introduction_to_the_submit_methods">A brief introduction to the submit methods</h4> - -<p>An html {{ HTMLElement("form") }} can be sent in four ways:</p> - -<ul> - <li>using the <code>POST</code> method and setting the <code>enctype</code> attribute to <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> (default);</li> - <li>using the <code>POST</code> method and setting the <code>enctype</code> attribute to <code>text/plain</code>;</li> - <li>using the <code>POST</code> method and setting the <code>enctype</code> attribute to <code>multipart/form-data</code>;</li> - <li>using the <code>GET</code> method (in this case the <code>enctype</code> attribute will be ignored).</li> -</ul> - -<p>Now, consider the submission of a form containing only two fields, named <code>foo</code> and <code>baz</code>. If you are using the <code>POST</code> method the server will receive a string similar to one of the following three examples, depending on the encoding type you are using:</p> - -<ul> - <li> - <p>Method: <code>POST</code>; Encoding type: <code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code> (default):</p> - - <pre class="brush:plain notranslate">Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded - -foo=bar&baz=The+first+line.%0D%0AThe+second+line.%0D%0A</pre> - </li> - <li> - <p>Method: <code>POST</code>; Encoding type: <code>text/plain</code>:</p> - - <pre class="brush:plain notranslate">Content-Type: text/plain - -foo=bar -baz=The first line. -The second line.</pre> - </li> - <li> - <p>Method: <code>POST</code>; Encoding type: <code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/MIME_types#multipartform-data">multipart/form-data</a></code>:</p> - - <pre class="brush:plain notranslate">Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------314911788813839 - ------------------------------314911788813839 -Content-Disposition: form-data; name="foo" - -bar ------------------------------314911788813839 -Content-Disposition: form-data; name="baz" - -The first line. -The second line. - ------------------------------314911788813839--</pre> - </li> -</ul> - -<p>However, if you are using the <code>GET</code> method, a string like the following will be simply added to the URL:</p> - -<pre class="brush:plain notranslate">?foo=bar&baz=The%20first%20line.%0AThe%20second%20line.</pre> - -<h4 id="A_little_vanilla_framework">A little vanilla framework</h4> - -<p>All these effects are done automatically by the web browser whenever you submit a {{HTMLElement("form")}}. If you want to perform the same effects using JavaScript you have to instruct the interpreter about <em>everything</em>. Therefore, how to send forms in <em>pure</em> AJAX is too complex to be explained here in detail. For this reason, here we place <strong>a complete (yet didactic) framework</strong>, able to use all four ways to <em>submit</em>, and to <strong>upload files</strong>:</p> - -<div style="height: 400px; margin-bottom: 12px; overflow: auto;"> -<pre class="brush: html notranslate"><!doctype html> -<html> -<head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> -<title>Sending forms with pure AJAX &ndash; MDN</title> -<script type="text/javascript"> - -"use strict"; - -/*\ -|*| -|*| :: XMLHttpRequest.prototype.sendAsBinary() Polyfill :: -|*| -|*| https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest#sendAsBinary() -\*/ - -if (!XMLHttpRequest.prototype.sendAsBinary) { - XMLHttpRequest.prototype.sendAsBinary = function(sData) { - var nBytes = sData.length, ui8Data = new Uint8Array(nBytes); - for (var nIdx = 0; nIdx < nBytes; nIdx++) { - ui8Data[nIdx] = sData.charCodeAt(nIdx) & 0xff; - } - /* send as ArrayBufferView...: */ - this.send(ui8Data); - /* ...or as ArrayBuffer (legacy)...: this.send(ui8Data.buffer); */ - }; -} - -/*\ -|*| -|*| :: AJAX Form Submit Framework :: -|*| -|*| https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest/Using_XMLHttpRequest -|*| -|*| This framework is released under the GNU Public License, version 3 or later. -|*| https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0-standalone.html -|*| -|*| Syntax: -|*| -|*| AJAXSubmit(HTMLFormElement); -\*/ - -var AJAXSubmit = (function () { - - function ajaxSuccess () { - /* console.log("AJAXSubmit - Success!"); */ - console.log(this.responseText); - /* you can get the serialized data through the "submittedData" custom property: */ - /* console.log(JSON.stringify(this.submittedData)); */ - } - - function submitData (oData) { - /* the AJAX request... */ - var oAjaxReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); - oAjaxReq.submittedData = oData; - oAjaxReq.onload = ajaxSuccess; - if (oData.technique === 0) { - /* method is GET */ - oAjaxReq.open("get", oData.receiver.replace(/(?:\?.*)?$/, - oData.segments.length > 0 ? "?" + oData.segments.join("&") : ""), true); - oAjaxReq.send(null); - } else { - /* method is POST */ - oAjaxReq.open("post", oData.receiver, true); - if (oData.technique === 3) { - /* enctype is multipart/form-data */ - var sBoundary = "---------------------------" + Date.now().toString(16); - oAjaxReq.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "multipart\/form-data; boundary=" + sBoundary); - oAjaxReq.sendAsBinary("--" + sBoundary + "\r\n" + - oData.segments.join("--" + sBoundary + "\r\n") + "--" + sBoundary + "--\r\n"); - } else { - /* enctype is application/x-www-form-urlencoded or text/plain */ - oAjaxReq.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", oData.contentType); - oAjaxReq.send(oData.segments.join(oData.technique === 2 ? "\r\n" : "&")); - } - } - } - - function processStatus (oData) { - if (oData.status > 0) { return; } - /* the form is now totally serialized! do something before sending it to the server... */ - /* doSomething(oData); */ - /* console.log("AJAXSubmit - The form is now serialized. Submitting..."); */ - submitData (oData); - } - - function pushSegment (oFREvt) { - this.owner.segments[this.segmentIdx] += oFREvt.target.result + "\r\n"; - this.owner.status--; - processStatus(this.owner); - } - - function plainEscape (sText) { - /* How should I treat a text/plain form encoding? - What characters are not allowed? this is what I suppose...: */ - /* "4\3\7 - Einstein said E=mc2" ----> "4\\3\\7\ -\ Einstein\ said\ E\=mc2" */ - return sText.replace(/[\s\=\\]/g, "\\$&"); - } - - function SubmitRequest (oTarget) { - var nFile, sFieldType, oField, oSegmReq, oFile, bIsPost = oTarget.method.toLowerCase() === "post"; - /* console.log("AJAXSubmit - Serializing form..."); */ - this.contentType = bIsPost && oTarget.enctype ? oTarget.enctype : "application\/x-www-form-urlencoded"; - this.technique = bIsPost ? - this.contentType === "multipart\/form-data" ? 3 : this.contentType === "text\/plain" ? 2 : 1 : 0; - this.receiver = oTarget.action; - this.status = 0; - this.segments = []; - var fFilter = this.technique === 2 ? plainEscape : escape; - for (var nItem = 0; nItem < oTarget.elements.length; nItem++) { - oField = oTarget.elements[nItem]; - if (!oField.hasAttribute("name")) { continue; } - sFieldType = oField.nodeName.toUpperCase() === "INPUT" ? oField.getAttribute("type").toUpperCase() : "TEXT"; - if (sFieldType === "FILE" && oField.files.length > 0) { - if (this.technique === 3) { - /* enctype is multipart/form-data */ - for (nFile = 0; nFile < oField.files.length; nFile++) { - oFile = oField.files[nFile]; - oSegmReq = new FileReader(); - /* (custom properties:) */ - oSegmReq.segmentIdx = this.segments.length; - oSegmReq.owner = this; - /* (end of custom properties) */ - oSegmReq.onload = pushSegment; - this.segments.push("Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + - oField.name + "\"; filename=\"" + oFile.name + - "\"\r\nContent-Type: " + oFile.type + "\r\n\r\n"); - this.status++; - oSegmReq.readAsBinaryString(oFile); - } - } else { - /* enctype is application/x-www-form-urlencoded or text/plain or - method is GET: files will not be sent! */ - for (nFile = 0; nFile < oField.files.length; - this.segments.push(fFilter(oField.name) + "=" + fFilter(oField.files[nFile++].name))); - } - } else if ((sFieldType !== "RADIO" && sFieldType !== "CHECKBOX") || oField.checked) { - /* NOTE: this will submit _all_ submit buttons. Detecting the correct one is non-trivial. */ - /* field type is not FILE or is FILE but is empty */ - this.segments.push( - this.technique === 3 ? /* enctype is multipart/form-data */ - "Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"" + oField.name + "\"\r\n\r\n" + oField.value + "\r\n" - : /* enctype is application/x-www-form-urlencoded or text/plain or method is GET */ - fFilter(oField.name) + "=" + fFilter(oField.value) - ); - } - } - processStatus(this); - } - - return function (oFormElement) { - if (!oFormElement.action) { return; } - new SubmitRequest(oFormElement); - }; - -})(); - -</script> -</head> -<body> - -<h1>Sending forms with pure AJAX</h1> - -<h2>Using the GET method</h2> - -<form action="register.php" method="get" onsubmit="AJAXSubmit(this); return false;"> - <fieldset> - <legend>Registration example</legend> - <p> - First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> - Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /> - </p> - <p> - <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> - </p> - </fieldset> -</form> - -<h2>Using the POST method</h2> -<h3>Enctype: application/x-www-form-urlencoded (default)</h3> - -<form action="register.php" method="post" onsubmit="AJAXSubmit(this); return false;"> - <fieldset> - <legend>Registration example</legend> - <p> - First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> - Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /> - </p> - <p> - <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> - </p> - </fieldset> -</form> - -<h3>Enctype: text/plain</h3> - -<form action="register.php" method="post" enctype="text/plain" - onsubmit="AJAXSubmit(this); return false;"> - <fieldset> - <legend>Registration example</legend> - <p> - Your name: <input type="text" name="user" /> - </p> - <p> - Your message:<br /> - <textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="8"></textarea> - </p> - <p> - <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> - </p> - </fieldset> -</form> - -<h3>Enctype: multipart/form-data</h3> - -<form action="register.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" - onsubmit="AJAXSubmit(this); return false;"> - <fieldset> - <legend>Upload example</legend> - <p> - First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> - Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /><br /> - Sex: - <input id="sex_male" type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> - <label for="sex_male">Male</label> - <input id="sex_female" type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> - <label for="sex_female">Female</label><br /> - Password: <input type="password" name="secret" /><br /> - What do you prefer: - <select name="image_type"> - <option>Books</option> - <option>Cinema</option> - <option>TV</option> - </select> - </p> - <p> - Post your photos: - <input type="file" multiple name="photos[]"> - </p> - <p> - <input id="vehicle_bike" type="checkbox" name="vehicle[]" value="Bike" /> - <label for="vehicle_bike">I have a bike</label><br /> - <input id="vehicle_car" type="checkbox" name="vehicle[]" value="Car" /> - <label for="vehicle_car">I have a car</label> - </p> - <p> - Describe yourself:<br /> - <textarea name="description" cols="50" rows="8"></textarea> - </p> - <p> - <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> - </p> - </fieldset> -</form> - -</body> -</html></pre> -</div> - -<p>To test this, create a page named <strong>register.php</strong> (which is the <code>action</code> attribute of these sample forms), and put the following <em>minimalistic</em> content:</p> - -<pre class="brush: php notranslate"><?php -/* register.php */ - -header("Content-type: text/plain"); - -/* -NOTE: You should never use `print_r()` in production scripts, or -otherwise output client-submitted data without sanitizing it first. -Failing to sanitize can lead to cross-site scripting vulnerabilities. -*/ - -echo ":: data received via GET ::\n\n"; -print_r($_GET); - -echo "\n\n:: Data received via POST ::\n\n"; -print_r($_POST); - -echo "\n\n:: Data received as \"raw\" (text/plain encoding) ::\n\n"; -if (isset($HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA)) { echo $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA; } - -echo "\n\n:: Files received ::\n\n"; -print_r($_FILES); - -</pre> - -<p>The syntax to activate this script is simply:</p> - -<pre class="syntaxbox notranslate">AJAXSubmit(myForm);</pre> - -<div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> This framework uses the {{domxref("FileReader")}} API to transmit file uploads. This is a recent API and is not implemented in IE9 or below. For this reason, the AJAX-only upload is considered <strong>an experimental technique</strong>. If you do not need to upload binary files, this framework works fine in most browsers.</div> - -<div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> The best way to send binary content is via {{jsxref("ArrayBuffer", "ArrayBuffers")}} or {{domxref("Blob", "Blobs")}} in conjuncton with the {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.send()", "send()")}} method and possibly the {{domxref("FileReader.readAsArrayBuffer()", "readAsArrayBuffer()")}} method of the <code>FileReader</code> API. But, since the aim of this script is to work with a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/stringify">stringifiable</a> raw data, we used the {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.sendAsBinary()", "sendAsBinary()")}} method in conjunction with the {{domxref("FileReader.readAsBinaryString()", "readAsBinaryString()")}} method of the <code>FileReader</code> API. As such, the above script makes sense only when you are dealing with small files. If you do not intend to upload binary content, consider instead using the <code>FormData</code> API.</div> - -<div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> The non-standard <code>sendAsBinary</code> method is considered deprecated as of Gecko 31 {{geckoRelease(31)}} and will be removed soon. The standard <code>send(Blob data)</code> method can be used instead.</div> - -<h3 id="Using_FormData_objects">Using FormData objects</h3> - -<p>The {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.FormData", "FormData")}} constructor lets you compile a set of key/value pairs to send using <code>XMLHttpRequest</code>. Its primary use is in sending form data, but can also be used independently from a form in order to transmit user keyed data. The transmitted data is in the same format the form's <code>submit()</code> method uses to send data, if the form's encoding type were set to "multipart/form-data". FormData objects can be utilized in a number of ways with an <code>XMLHttpRequest</code>. For examples, and explanations of how one can utilize FormData with XMLHttpRequests, see the <a href="/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest/FormData/Using_FormData_Objects">Using FormData Objects</a> page. For didactic purposes here is <strong>a <em>translation</em> of <a href="#A_little_vanilla_framework">the previous example</a> transformed to use the <code>FormData</code> API</strong>. Note the brevity of the code:</p> - -<div style="height: 400px; margin-bottom: 12px; overflow: auto;"> -<pre class="brush: html notranslate"><!doctype html> -<html> -<head> -<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" charset="UTF-8" /> -<title>Sending forms with FormData &ndash; MDN</title> -<script> -"use strict"; - -function ajaxSuccess () { - console.log(this.responseText); -} - -function AJAXSubmit (oFormElement) { - if (!oFormElement.action) { return; } - var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); - oReq.onload = ajaxSuccess; - if (oFormElement.method.toLowerCase() === "post") { - oReq.open("post", oFormElement.action); - oReq.send(new FormData(oFormElement)); - } else { - var oField, sFieldType, nFile, sSearch = ""; - for (var nItem = 0; nItem < oFormElement.elements.length; nItem++) { - oField = oFormElement.elements[nItem]; - if (!oField.hasAttribute("name")) { continue; } - sFieldType = oField.nodeName.toUpperCase() === "INPUT" ? - oField.getAttribute("type").toUpperCase() : "TEXT"; - if (sFieldType === "FILE") { - for (nFile = 0; nFile < oField.files.length; - sSearch += "&" + escape(oField.name) + "=" + escape(oField.files[nFile++].name)); - } else if ((sFieldType !== "RADIO" && sFieldType !== "CHECKBOX") || oField.checked) { - sSearch += "&" + escape(oField.name) + "=" + escape(oField.value); - } - } - oReq.open("get", oFormElement.action.replace(/(?:\?.*)?$/, sSearch.replace(/^&/, "?")), true); - oReq.send(null); - } -} -</script> -</head> -<body> - -<h1>Sending forms with FormData</h1> - -<h2>Using the GET method</h2> - -<form action="register.php" method="get" onsubmit="AJAXSubmit(this); return false;"> - <fieldset> - <legend>Registration example</legend> - <p> - First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> - Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /> - </p> - <p> - <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> - </p> - </fieldset> -</form> - -<h2>Using the POST method</h2> -<h3>Enctype: application/x-www-form-urlencoded (default)</h3> - -<form action="register.php" method="post" onsubmit="AJAXSubmit(this); return false;"> - <fieldset> - <legend>Registration example</legend> - <p> - First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> - Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /> - </p> - <p> - <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> - </p> - </fieldset> -</form> - -<h3>Enctype: text/plain</h3> - -<p>The text/plain encoding is not supported by the FormData API.</p> - -<h3>Enctype: multipart/form-data</h3> - -<form action="register.php" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data" - onsubmit="AJAXSubmit(this); return false;"> - <fieldset> - <legend>Upload example</legend> - <p> - First name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br /> - Last name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /><br /> - Sex: - <input id="sex_male" type="radio" name="sex" value="male" /> - <label for="sex_male">Male</label> - <input id="sex_female" type="radio" name="sex" value="female" /> - <label for="sex_female">Female</label><br /> - Password: <input type="password" name="secret" /><br /> - What do you prefer: - <select name="image_type"> - <option>Books</option> - <option>Cinema</option> - <option>TV</option> - </select> - </p> - <p> - Post your photos: - <input type="file" multiple name="photos[]"> - </p> - <p> - <input id="vehicle_bike" type="checkbox" name="vehicle[]" value="Bike" /> - <label for="vehicle_bike">I have a bike</label><br /> - <input id="vehicle_car" type="checkbox" name="vehicle[]" value="Car" /> - <label for="vehicle_car">I have a car</label> - </p> - <p> - Describe yourself:<br /> - <textarea name="description" cols="50" rows="8"></textarea> - </p> - <p> - <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> - </p> - </fieldset> -</form> -</body> -</html></pre> -</div> - -<div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> As we said,<strong> {{domxref("FormData")}} objects are not <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON/stringify">stringifiable</a> objects</strong>. If you want to stringify a submitted data, use <a href="#A_little_vanilla_framework">the previous <em>pure</em>-AJAX example</a>. Note also that, although in this example there are some <code>file</code> {{ HTMLElement("input") }} fields, <strong>when you submit a form through the <code>FormData</code> API you do not need to use the {{domxref("FileReader")}} API also</strong>: files are automatically loaded and uploaded.</div> - -<h2 id="Get_last_modified_date">Get last modified date</h2> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function getHeaderTime () { - console.log(this.getResponseHeader("Last-Modified")); /* A valid GMTString date or null */ -} - -var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); -oReq.open("HEAD" /* use HEAD if you only need the headers! */, "yourpage.html"); -oReq.onload = getHeaderTime; -oReq.send();</pre> - -<h3 id="Do_something_when_last_modified_date_changes">Do something when last modified date changes</h3> - -<p>Let's create two functions:</p> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function getHeaderTime () { - var nLastVisit = parseFloat(window.localStorage.getItem('lm_' + this.filepath)); - var nLastModif = Date.parse(this.getResponseHeader("Last-Modified")); - - if (isNaN(nLastVisit) || nLastModif > nLastVisit) { - window.localStorage.setItem('lm_' + this.filepath, Date.now()); - isFinite(nLastVisit) && this.callback(nLastModif, nLastVisit); - } -} - -function ifHasChanged(sURL, fCallback) { - var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); - oReq.open("HEAD" /* use HEAD - we only need the headers! */, sURL); - oReq.callback = fCallback; - oReq.filepath = sURL; - oReq.onload = getHeaderTime; - oReq.send(); -}</pre> - -<p>And to test:</p> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">/* Let's test the file "yourpage.html"... */ - -ifHasChanged("yourpage.html", function (nModif, nVisit) { - console.log("The page '" + this.filepath + "' has been changed on " + (new Date(nModif)).toLocaleString() + "!"); -});</pre> - -<p>If you want to know <strong><em>if</em> <em>the current page</em> has changed</strong>, please read the article about {{domxref("document.lastModified")}}.</p> - -<h2 id="Cross-site_XMLHttpRequest">Cross-site XMLHttpRequest</h2> - -<p>Modern browsers support cross-site requests by implementing the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS">Cross-Origin Resource Sharing</a> (CORS) standard. As long as the server is configured to allow requests from your web application's origin, <code>XMLHttpRequest</code> will work. Otherwise, an <code>INVALID_ACCESS_ERR</code> exception is thrown.</p> - -<h2 id="Bypassing_the_cache">Bypassing the cache</h2> - -<p>A cross-browser compatible approach to bypassing the cache is appending a timestamp to the URL, being sure to include a "?" or "&" as appropriate. For example:</p> - -<pre class="brush:plain notranslate">http://foo.com/bar.html -> http://foo.com/bar.html?12345 -http://foo.com/bar.html?foobar=baz -> http://foo.com/bar.html?foobar=baz&12345 -</pre> - -<p>As the local cache is indexed by URL, this causes every request to be unique, thereby bypassing the cache.</p> - -<p>You can automatically adjust URLs using the following code:</p> - -<pre class="brush:js notranslate">var oReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); - -oReq.open("GET", url + ((/\?/).test(url) ? "&" : "?") + (new Date()).getTime()); -oReq.send(null);</pre> - -<h2 id="Security">Security</h2> - -<p>{{fx_minversion_note(3, "Versions of Firefox prior to Firefox 3 allowed you to set the preference <code>capability.policy.<policyname>.XMLHttpRequest.open</policyname></code> to <code>allAccess</code> to give specific sites cross-site access. This is no longer supported.")}}</p> - -<p>{{fx_minversion_note(5, "Versions of Firefox prior to Firefox 5 could use <code>netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege(\"UniversalBrowserRead\");</code> to request cross-site access. This is no longer supported, even though it produces no warning and permission dialog is still presented.")}}</p> - -<p>The recommended way to enable cross-site scripting is to use the <code>Access-Control-Allow-Origin</code> HTTP header in the response to the XMLHttpRequest.</p> - -<h3 id="XMLHttpRequests_being_stopped">XMLHttpRequests being stopped</h3> - -<p>If you conclude with an XMLHttpRequest receiving <code>status=0</code> and <code>statusText=null</code>, this means the request was not allowed to be performed. It was <code><a href="https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/#dom-xmlhttprequest-unsent">UNSENT</a></code>. A likely cause for this is when the <a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/2010/CR-XMLHttpRequest-20100803/#xmlhttprequest-origin"><code>XMLHttpRequest</code> origin</a> (at the creation of the XMLHttpRequest) has changed when the XMLHttpRequest is subsequently <code>open()</code>. This case can happen, for example, when one has an XMLHttpRequest that gets fired on an onunload event for a window, the expected XMLHttpRequest is created when the window to be closed is still there, and finally sending the request (in otherwords, <code>open()</code>) when this window has lost its focus and another window gains focus. The most effective way to avoid this problem is to set a listener on the new window's {{event("activate")}} event which is set once the terminated window has its {{event("unload")}} event triggered.</p> - -<h2 id="Workers">Workers</h2> - -<p>Setting <code>overrideMimeType</code> does not work from a {{domxref("Worker")}}. See {{bug(678057)}} for more details. Other browsers may handle this differently.</p> - -<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2> - -<table class="standard-table"> - <thead> - <tr> - <th scope="col">Specification</th> - <th scope="col">Status</th> - <th scope="col">Comment</th> - </tr> - </thead> - <tbody> - <tr> - <td>{{SpecName('XMLHttpRequest')}}</td> - <td>{{Spec2('XMLHttpRequest')}}</td> - <td>Live standard, latest version</td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> - -<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2> - - -<p><font><font>{{Compat ("api.XMLHttpRequest")}}</font></font></p> - -<h2 id="Siehe_auch"><font><font>Siehe auch</font></font></h2> - -<ol> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/AJAX/Getting_Started"><font><font>MDN AJAX Einführung</font></font></a></li> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/HTML_in_XMLHttpRequest"><font><font>HTML in XMLHttpRequest</font></font></a></li> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS"><font><font>HTTP-Zugriffskontrolle</font></font></a></li> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/How_to_check_the_security_state_of_an_XMLHTTPRequest_over_SSL"><font><font>So überprüfen Sie den Sicherheitsstatus einer XMLHTTPRequest über SSL</font></font></a></li> - <li><a href="http://www.peej.co.uk/articles/rich-user-experience.html"><font><font>XMLHttpRequest - REST und die Rich User Experience</font></font></a></li> - <li><a href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/ms535874"><font><font>Microsoft-Dokumentation</font></font></a></li> - <li><a href="http://jibbering.com/2002/4/httprequest.html"><font><font>"Verwenden des XMLHttpRequest-Objekts" (jibbering.com)</font></font></a></li> - <li><a href="https://xhr.spec.whatwg.org/"><font><font>Das </font></font><code>XMLHttpRequest</code><font><font>Objekt: WHATWG-Spezifikation</font></font></a></li> -</ol> diff --git a/files/de/web/html/attributes/index.html b/files/de/web/html/attributes/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 3ec9df8ec7..0000000000 --- a/files/de/web/html/attributes/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,662 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: HTML attribute reference -slug: Web/HTML/Attributes -tags: - - Anfänger - - Attribute - - Einstellungen - - Elemente - - HTML - - Reference - - Web -translation_of: Web/HTML/Attributes ---- -<p>Elemente in HTML haben <strong>Attribute</strong>; dies sind zusätzliche Werte, die die Elemente konfigurieren oder ihr Verhalten auf verschiedene Weise anpassen, um die Kriterien zu erfüllen, die die Benutzer wollen.</p> - -<h2 id="Attributliste">Attributliste</h2> - -<table class="standard-table"> - <thead> - <tr> - <th>Attributname</th> - <th>Elemente</th> - <th>Beschreibung</th> - </tr> - </thead> - <tbody> - <tr> - <td><code>accept</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("form") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}</td> - <td>Liste der Typen, die der Server akzeptiert, in der Regel ein Dateityp.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>accept-charset</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("form") }}</td> - <td>Liste der unterstützten Zeichensätze.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>accesskey</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Definiert eine Tastenkombination zum Aktivieren oder Hinzufügen von Fokus auf das Element.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>action</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("form") }}</td> - <td>Die URI eines Programms, das die über das Formular übermittelten Informationen verarbeitet.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>align</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("applet") }}, {{ HTMLElement("caption") }}, {{ HTMLElement("col") }}, {{ HTMLElement("colgroup") }}, {{ HTMLElement("hr") }}, {{ HTMLElement("iframe") }}, {{ HTMLElement("img") }}, {{ HTMLElement("table") }}, {{ HTMLElement("tbody") }}, {{ HTMLElement("td") }}, {{ HTMLElement("tfoot") }} , {{ HTMLElement("th") }}, {{ HTMLElement("thead") }}, {{ HTMLElement("tr") }}</td> - <td>Gibt die horizontale Ausrichtung des Elements an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>alt</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("applet") }}, {{ HTMLElement("area") }}, {{ HTMLElement("img") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}</td> - <td>Alternativer Text, falls ein Bild oder ein vergleichbares anderes Element nicht angezeigt werden kann.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>async</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("script") }}</td> - <td>Gibt an, dass das Skript asynchron ausgeführt werden soll.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>autocomplete</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("form") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}</td> - <td>Gibt an, ob die Kontrollen in diesem Formular standardmäßig ihre Werte automatisch durch den Browser vervollständigen können.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>autofocus</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("button") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("keygen") }}, {{ HTMLElement("select") }}, {{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td>Das Element sollte nach der geladenen Seite automatisch fokussiert werden.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>autoplay</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("audio") }}, {{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td>Das Audio oder Video sollte so schnell wie möglich spielen.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>autosave</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}</td> - <td>Bisherige Werte sollten Dropdowns von auswählbaren Werten über Seitenlasten bestehen bleiben.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>bgcolor</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("body") }}, {{ HTMLElement("col") }}, {{ HTMLElement("colgroup") }}, {{ HTMLElement("marquee") }}, {{ HTMLElement("table") }}, {{ HTMLElement("tbody") }}, {{ HTMLElement("tfoot") }}, {{ HTMLElement("td") }}, {{ HTMLElement("th") }}, {{ HTMLElement("tr") }}</td> - <td> - <p>Hintergrundfarbe des Elements</p> - - <div class="note"> - <p><strong>Hinweis:</strong> Dies ist ein veraltetes Attribut. Bitte benutze stattdessen die CSS {{ Cssxref("background-color") }} Eigenschachaft.</p> - </div> - </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>border</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("img") }}, {{ HTMLElement("object") }}, {{ HTMLElement("table") }}</td> - <td> - <p>Die Randbreite eines Elements</p> - - <div class="note"> - <p><strong>Hinweis:</strong> Die ist ein veraltetes Attribut. Bitte benutze stattdessen die CSS {{ Cssxref("border") }} Eigenschaft.</p> - </div> - </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>buffered</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("audio") }}, {{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td>Enthält den Zeitbereich von bereits gepufferten Medien.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>challenge</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("keygen") }}</td> - <td>Eine Herausforderung, die zusammen mit dem öffentlichen Schlüssel eingereicht wird.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>charset</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("meta") }}, {{ HTMLElement("script") }}</td> - <td>Deklariert die Zeichencodierung der Seite oder des Skripts.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>checked</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("command") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}</td> - <td>Gibt an, ob das Element auf Seitenladung überprüft werden soll.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>cite</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("blockquote") }}, {{ HTMLElement("del") }}, {{ HTMLElement("ins") }}, {{ HTMLElement("q") }}</td> - <td>Enthält einen URI, der auf die Quelle des Angebots oder der Änderung verweist.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>class</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Oft mit CSS verwendet, um Elemente mit gemeinsamen Eigenschaften zu gestalten.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>code</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("applet") }}</td> - <td>Gibt die URL der zu ladenden und ausgeführten Klassendatei des Applets an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>codebase</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("applet") }}</td> - <td>Dieses Attribut gibt die absolute oder relative URL des Verzeichnisses an, in dem Applets '.class-Dateien, die durch das Codeattribut referenziert werden, gespeichert sind.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>color</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("basefont") }}, {{ HTMLElement("font") }}, {{ HTMLElement("hr") }}</td> - <td> - <p>Dieses Attribut setzt die Textfarbe entweder mit einer benannten Farbe oder einer Farbe, die im hexadezimalen #RRGGBB-Format angegeben ist.</p> - - <div class="note"> - <p><strong>Hinweis:</strong> Das ist ein veraltetestes Attribut. Bitte benutze stattdessen die CSS {{ Cssxref("color") }} Eigenschaft.</p> - </div> - </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>cols</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td>Definiert die Anzahl der Spalten in einem Textbereich.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>colspan</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("td") }}, {{ HTMLElement("th") }}</td> - <td>Das colspan-Attribut definiert die Anzahl der Spalten, die eine Zelle überspannen soll.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>content</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("meta") }}</td> - <td>Ein Wert, der mit <code>http-equiv</code> oder dem Namen verbunden ist, abhängig vom Kontext.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>contenteditable</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Gibt an, ob der Inhalt des Elements bearbeitet werden kann.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>contextmenu</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Definiert die ID eines {{HTMLElement("menu")}} - Elements, das als Kontextmenü des Elements dient.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>controls</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("audio") }}, {{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td>Gibt an, ob der Browser dem Benutzer die Wiedergabesteuerung anzeigen soll.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>coords</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("area") }}</td> - <td>Ein Satz von Werten, die die Koordinaten des Hot-Spot-Bereichs angeben.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_settings_attributes">crossorigin</a></code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("audio") }}, {{ HTMLElement("img") }}, {{ HTMLElement("link") }}, {{ HTMLElement("script") }}, {{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td>Wie das Element grenzüberschreitende Anfragen behandelt.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>data</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("object") }}</td> - <td>Gibt die URL der Ressource an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>data-*</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Ermöglicht es Ihnen, benutzerdefinierte Attribute an ein HTML-Element anzuhängen.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>datetime</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("del") }}, {{ HTMLElement("ins") }}, {{ HTMLElement("time") }}</td> - <td>Gibt das Datum und die Uhrzeit an, die dem Element zugeordnet sind.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>default</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("track") }}</td> - <td>Zeigt an, dass die Spur aktiviert werden soll, es sei denn, die Einstellungen des Benutzers zeigen etwas anderes an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>defer</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("script") }}</td> - <td>Gibt an, dass das Skript nach dem Analysieren der Seite ausgeführt werden soll.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>dir</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Definiert die Textrichtung. Zulässige Werte sind (links-nach-rechts oder rechts-nach-links)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>dirname</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>disabled</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("button") }}, {{ HTMLElement("command") }}, {{ HTMLElement("fieldset") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("keygen") }}, {{ HTMLElement("optgroup") }}, {{ HTMLElement("option") }}, {{ HTMLElement("select") }}, {{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td>Gibt an, ob der Benutzer mit dem Element interagieren kann.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>download</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("a") }}, {{ HTMLElement("area") }}</td> - <td>Zeigt an, dass der Hyperlink zum Herunterladen einer Ressource verwendet werden soll.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>draggable</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Legt fest, ob das Element gezogen werden kann.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>dropzone</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Gibt an, dass das Element das Fallenlassen von Inhalt auf ihm akzeptiert.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>enctype</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("form") }}</td> - <td>Definiert den Inhaltstyp des Formulars, wenn die Methode POST ist.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>for</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("label") }}, {{ HTMLElement("output") }}</td> - <td>Beschreibt Elemente, die zu diesem gehören.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>form</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("button") }}, {{ HTMLElement("fieldset") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("keygen") }}, {{ HTMLElement("label") }}, {{ HTMLElement("meter") }}, {{ HTMLElement("object") }}, {{ HTMLElement("output") }}, {{ HTMLElement("progress") }}, {{ HTMLElement("select") }}, {{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td>Gibt das Formular an, das der Besitzer des Elements ist.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>formaction</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("button") }}</td> - <td>Gibt die Aktion des Elements an und überschreibt die im {{HTMLElement ("Formular")}} definierte Aktion.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>headers</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("td") }}, {{ HTMLElement("th") }}</td> - <td>IDs der <code><th></code> -Elemente, die für dieses Element gelten.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>height</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("canvas") }}, {{ HTMLElement("embed") }}, {{ HTMLElement("iframe") }}, {{ HTMLElement("img") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("object") }}, {{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td> - <p>Gibt die Höhe der hier aufgeführten Elemente an. Für alle anderen Elemente verwenden Sie die Eigenschaft CSS {{cssxref ("height")}}.</p> - - <div class="note"> - <p><strong>Hinweis:</strong> In einigen Fällen wie {{HTMLElement ("div")}} ist dies ein Legacy-Attribut, in welchem Fall die CSS {{Cssxref ("height")}} Eigenschaft stattdessen verwendet werden soll.</p> - </div> - </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>hidden</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Verhindert das Rendering des gegebenen Elements, während Kinderelemente, z.B. Script-Elemente, aktiv.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>high</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("meter") }}</td> - <td>Zeigt die untere Schranke des oberen Bereichs an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>href</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("a") }}, {{ HTMLElement("area") }}, {{ HTMLElement("base") }}, {{ HTMLElement("link") }}</td> - <td>Gibt die URL einer verknüpften Ressource an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>hreflang</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("a") }}, {{ HTMLElement("area") }}, {{ HTMLElement("link") }}</td> - <td>Gibt die Sprache der verknüpften Ressource an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>http-equiv</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("meta") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>icon</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("command") }}</td> - <td>Gibt ein Bild an, das den Befehl darstellt.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>id</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Oft mit CSS verwendet, um ein bestimmtes Element zu stylen. Der Wert dieses Attributs muss eindeutig sein.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>integrity</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("link") }}, {{ HTMLElement("script") }} </td> - <td> - <p>Sicherheits-Feature, das Browsern ermöglicht zu verifizieren, was sie abrufen.</p> - - <p><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web">MDN Link</a></p> - </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>ismap</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("img") }}</td> - <td>Gibt an, dass das Bild Teil einer Server-seitigen Image-Map ist.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>itemprop</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>keytype</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("keygen") }}</td> - <td>Spezifiziert den Typ des generierten Schlüssels.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>kind</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("track") }}</td> - <td>Spezifiziert die Art der Textspur.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>label</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("track") }}</td> - <td>Definiert einen für den Nutzer lesbaren Titel der Textspur.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>lang</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Definiert die im Element genutzte Sprache.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>language</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("script") }}</td> - <td>Definiert die im Element genutzte Skriptsprache.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>list</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}</td> - <td>Identifiziert eine dem Nutzer vorzuschlagende Liste vordefinierter Optionen.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>loop</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("audio") }}, {{ HTMLElement("bgsound") }}, {{ HTMLElement("marquee") }}, {{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td>Gibt an, ob das Medium ab dem Start beginnen soll, wenn es fertig ist.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>low</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("meter") }}</td> - <td>Zeigt die obere Schranke des unteren Bereiches an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>manifest</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("html") }}</td> - <td>Gibt die URL des Cache-Manifests des Dokuments an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>max</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("meter") }}, {{ HTMLElement("progress") }}</td> - <td>Gibt den maximal zulässigen Wert an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>maxlength</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td>Definiert die maximal zulässige Anzahl von Zeichen im Element.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>media</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("a") }}, {{ HTMLElement("area") }}, {{ HTMLElement("link") }}, {{ HTMLElement("source") }}, {{ HTMLElement("style") }}</td> - <td>Gibt einen Hinweis auf das Medium an, für das die verknüpfte Ressource entworfen wurde.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>method</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("form") }}</td> - <td>Legt fest, welche HTTP-Methode bei der Übermittlung des Formulars verwendet werden soll. Kann GET (Standard) oder POST sein.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>min</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("meter") }}</td> - <td>Gibt den zulässigen Mindestwert an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>multiple</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("select") }}</td> - <td>Gibt an, ob mehrere Werte in einer Eingabe des Typs E-Mail oder Datei eingegeben werden können.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>muted</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td>Zeigt an, ob der Ton anfänglich auf Seitenladung ausgeschaltet wird.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>name</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("button") }}, {{ HTMLElement("form") }}, {{ HTMLElement("fieldset") }}, {{ HTMLElement("iframe") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("keygen") }}, {{ HTMLElement("object") }}, {{ HTMLElement("output") }}, {{ HTMLElement("select") }}, {{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}, {{ HTMLElement("map") }}, {{ HTMLElement("meta") }}, {{ HTMLElement("param") }}</td> - <td>Name des Elements. Zum Beispiel von dem Server verwendet, um die Felder in Form zu übermitteln.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>novalidate</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("form") }}</td> - <td>Dieses Attribut gibt an, dass das Formular bei der Übermittlung nicht validiert werden darf.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>open</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("details") }}</td> - <td>Gibt an, ob die Details auf Seite geladen werden sollen.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>optimum</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("meter") }}</td> - <td>Zeigt den optimalen numerischen Wert an.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>pattern</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}</td> - <td>Definiert einen regulären Ausdruck, den der Wert des Elements validiert.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>ping</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("a") }}, {{ HTMLElement("area") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>placeholder</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td>Bietet dem Benutzer einen Hinweis darauf, was im Feld eingegeben werden kann.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>poster</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td>Eine URL, die einen Posterrahmen anzeigt, bis der Benutzer spielt oder sucht.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>preload</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("audio") }}, {{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td>Indicates whether the whole resource, parts of it or nothing should be preloaded.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>radiogroup</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("command") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>readonly</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td>Indicates whether the element can be edited.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>rel</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("a") }}, {{ HTMLElement("area") }}, {{ HTMLElement("link") }}</td> - <td>Specifies the relationship of the target object to the link object.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>required</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("select") }}, {{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td>Indicates whether this element is required to fill out or not.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>reversed</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("ol") }}</td> - <td>Indicates whether the list should be displayed in a descending order instead of a ascending.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>rows</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td>Defines the number of rows in a text area.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>rowspan</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("td") }}, {{ HTMLElement("th") }}</td> - <td>Defines the number of rows a table cell should span over.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>sandbox</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("iframe") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>scope</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("th") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>scoped</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("style") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>seamless</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("iframe") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>selected</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("option") }}</td> - <td>Defines a value which will be selected on page load.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>shape</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("a") }}, {{ HTMLElement("area") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>size</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("select") }}</td> - <td>Defines the width of the element (in pixels). If the element's <code>type</code> attribute is <code>text</code> or <code>password</code> then it's the number of characters.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>sizes</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("link") }}, {{ HTMLElement("img") }}, {{ HTMLElement("source") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>slot</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Assigns a slot in a shadow DOM shadow tree to an element.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>span</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("col") }}, {{ HTMLElement("colgroup") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>spellcheck</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Indicates whether spell checking is allowed for the element.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>src</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("audio") }}, {{ HTMLElement("embed") }}, {{ HTMLElement("iframe") }}, {{ HTMLElement("img") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("script") }}, {{ HTMLElement("source") }}, {{ HTMLElement("track") }}, {{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td>Die URL des einbettbaren Inhalts.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>srcdoc</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("iframe") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>srclang</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("track") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>srcset</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("img") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>start</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("ol") }}</td> - <td>Definiert die erste Zahl, wenn sie anders als 1 ist.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>step</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("input") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>style</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Definiert CSS Stile für das Element und überschreibt andere Stile, welche z.B. in einem Stylesheet für das Element festgelegt sind.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>summary</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("table") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>tabindex</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Overrides the browser's default tab order and follows the one specified instead.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>target</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("a") }}, {{ HTMLElement("area") }}, {{ HTMLElement("base") }}, {{ HTMLElement("form") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>title</code></td> - <td><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Globale_Attribute">Globales Attribut</a></td> - <td>Text to be displayed in a tooltip when hovering over the element.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>type</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("button") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("command") }}, {{ HTMLElement("embed") }}, {{ HTMLElement("object") }}, {{ HTMLElement("script") }}, {{ HTMLElement("source") }}, {{ HTMLElement("style") }}, {{ HTMLElement("menu") }}</td> - <td>Definiert den Typ eines Elements.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>usemap</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("img") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("object") }}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>value</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("button") }}, {{ HTMLElement("option") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("li") }}, {{ HTMLElement("meter") }}, {{ HTMLElement("progress") }}, {{ HTMLElement("param") }}</td> - <td>Defines a default value which will be displayed in the element on page load.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>width</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("canvas") }}, {{ HTMLElement("embed") }}, {{ HTMLElement("iframe") }}, {{ HTMLElement("img") }}, {{ HTMLElement("input") }}, {{ HTMLElement("object") }}, {{ HTMLElement("video") }}</td> - <td> - <p>For the elements listed here, this establishes the element's width.</p> - - <div class="note"> - <p><strong>Note:</strong> For all other instances, such as {{ HTMLElement("div") }}, this is a legacy attribute, in which case the CSS {{ Cssxref("width") }} property should be used instead.</p> - </div> - </td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><code>wrap</code></td> - <td>{{ HTMLElement("textarea") }}</td> - <td>Indicates whether the text should be wrapped.</td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> - -<h2 id="Content_versus_IDL_attributes">Content versus IDL attributes</h2> - -<p>In HTML, most attributes have two faces: the <strong>content attribute</strong> and the <strong>IDL attribute</strong>.</p> - -<p>The content attribute is the attribute as you set it from the content (the HTML code) and you can set it or get it via {{domxref("element.setAttribute()")}} or {{domxref("element.getAttribute()")}}. The content attribute is always a string even when the expected value should be an integer. For example, to set an {{HTMLElement("input")}} element's <code>maxlength</code> to 42 using the content attribute, you have to call <code>setAttribute("maxlength", "42")</code> on that element.</p> - -<p>The IDL attribute is also known as a JavaScript property. These are the attributes you can read or set using JavaScript properties like <code class="moz-txt-verticalline">element.foo</code>. The IDL attribute is always going to use (but might transform) the underlying content attribute to return a value when you get it and is going to save something in the content attribute when you set it. In other words, the IDL attributes, in essence, reflect the content attributes.</p> - -<p>Most of the time, IDL attributes will return their values as they are really used. For example, the default <code>type</code> for {{HTMLElement("input")}} elements is "text", so if you set <code>input.type="foobar"</code>, the <code><input></code> element will be of type text (in the appearance and the behavior) but the "type" content attribute's value will be "foobar". However, the <code>type</code> IDL attribute will return the string "text".</p> - -<p>IDL attributes are not always strings; for example, <code>input.maxlength</code> is a number (a signed long). When using IDL attributes, you read or set values of the desired type, so <code>input.maxlength</code> is always going to return a number and when you set <code>input.maxlength</code> ,it wants a number. If you pass another type, it is automatically converted to a number as specified by the standard JavaScript rules for type conversion.</p> - -<p>IDL attributes can <a href="https://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/urls.html#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes">reflect other types</a> such as unsigned long, URLs, booleans, etc. Unfortunately, there are no clear rules and the way IDL attributes behave in conjunction with their corresponding content attributes depends on the attribute. Most of the time, it will follow <a href="https://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/urls.html#reflecting-content-attributes-in-idl-attributes">the rules laid out in the specification</a>, but sometimes it doesn't. HTML specifications try to make this as developer-friendly as possible, but for various reasons (mostly historical), some attributes behave oddly (<code>select.size</code>, for example) and you should read the specifications to understand how exactly they behave.</p> - -<h2 id="Siehe_auch">Siehe auch</h2> - -<ul> - <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/de/docs/Web/HTML/Element">HTML-Elemente</a></li> -</ul> diff --git a/files/de/web/http/headers/set-cookie/index.html b/files/de/web/http/headers/set-cookie/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index d82bd2a816..0000000000 --- a/files/de/web/http/headers/set-cookie/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,223 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Set-Cookie -slug: Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie -tags: - - Cookies - - HTTP - - NeedsTranslation - - Reference - - Response - - TopicStub - - header - - samesite -translation_of: Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie ---- -<div>{{HTTPSidebar}}</div> - -<p><span class="seoSummary">The <strong><code>Set-Cookie</code></strong> HTTP response header is used to send a cookie from the server to the user agent, so the user agent can send it back to the server later. To send multiple cookies, multiple <strong><code>Set-Cookie</code></strong></span> headers should be sent in the same response.</p> - -<div class="blockIndicator warning"> -<p>Browsers block frontend JavaScript code from accessing the <code>Set Cookie</code> header, as required by the Fetch spec, which defines <code>Set-Cookie</code> as a <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#forbidden-response-header-name">forbidden response-header name</a> that <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#ref-for-forbidden-response-header-name%E2%91%A0">must be filtered out</a> from any response exposed to frontend code.</p> -</div> - -<p>For more information, see the guide on <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies">Using HTTP cookies</a>.</p> - -<table class="properties"> - <tbody> - <tr> - <th scope="row">Header type</th> - <td>{{Glossary("Response header")}}</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <th scope="row">{{Glossary("Forbidden header name")}}</th> - <td>no</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <th scope="row"><a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#forbidden-response-header-name">Forbidden response-header name</a></th> - <td>yes</td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> - -<h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2> - -<pre class="syntaxbox notranslate">Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value> -Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value>; Expires=<date> -Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value>; Max-Age=<non-zero-digit> -Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value>; Domain=<domain-value> -Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value>; Path=<path-value> -Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value>; Secure -Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value>; HttpOnly - -Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value>; SameSite=Strict -Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value>; SameSite=Lax -Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value>; SameSite=None; Secure - -// Multiple attributes are also possible, for example: -Set-Cookie: <cookie-name>=<cookie-value>; Domain=<domain-value>; Secure; HttpOnly -</pre> - -<h2 id="Attributes">Attributes</h2> - -<dl> - <dt><code><cookie-name>=<cookie-value></code></dt> - <dd>A cookie begins with a name-value pair: - <ul> - <li>A <code><cookie-name></code> can be any US-ASCII characters, except control characters, spaces, or tabs. It also must not contain a separator character like the following: <code>( ) < > @ , ; : \ " / [ ] ? = { }</code>.</li> - <li>A <code><cookie-value></code> can optionally be wrapped in double quotes and include any US-ASCII characters excluding control characters, {{glossary("Whitespace")}}, double quotes, comma, semicolon, and backslash. <strong>Encoding</strong>: Many implementations perform URL encoding on cookie values, however it is not required per the RFC specification. It does help satisfying the requirements about which characters are allowed for <cookie-value> though.</li> - <li><strong><code>__Secure-</code> prefix</strong>: Cookies names starting with<code> __Secure-</code> (dash is part of the prefix) must be set with the <code>secure</code> flag from a secure page (HTTPS).</li> - <li><strong><code>__Host-</code> prefix</strong>: Cookies with names starting with <code>__Host-</code> must be set with the <code>secure</code> flag, must be from a secure page (HTTPS), must not have a domain specified (and therefore aren't sent to subdomains) and the path must be <code>/</code>.</li> - </ul> - </dd> - <dt><code>Expires=<date></code> {{optional_inline}}</dt> - <dd> - <p>The maximum lifetime of the cookie as an HTTP-date timestamp. See {{HTTPHeader("Date")}} for the required formatting.</p> - - <p>If unspecified, the cookie becomes a <strong>session cookie</strong>. A session finishes when the client shuts down, and session cookies will be removed.</p> - - <div class="blockIndicator warning"> - <p><strong>Warning:</strong> Many web browsers have a <em>session restore</em> feature that will save all tabs and restore them next time the browser is used. Session cookies will also be restored, as if the browser was never closed.</p> - </div> - - <p>When an Expires date is set, the deadline is relative to the <em>client</em> the cookie is being set on, not the server.</p> - </dd> - <dt><code>Max-Age=<number> </code>{{optional_inline}}</dt> - <dd>Number of seconds until the cookie expires. A zero or negative number will expire the cookie immediately. If both <code>Expires</code> and <code>Max-Age</code> are set, <code>Max-Age</code> has precedence.</dd> - <dt><code>Domain=<domain-value></code> {{optional_inline}}</dt> - <dd>Host to which the cookie will be sent. - <ul> - <li>If omitted, defaults to the host of the current document URL, not including subdomains.</li> - <li>Contrary to earlier specifications, leading dots in domain names (<code>.example.com</code>) are ignored.</li> - <li>Multiple host/domain values are <em>not</em> allowed, but if a domain <em>is</em> specified, then subdomains are always included.</li> - </ul> - </dd> - <dt><code>Path=<path-value></code> {{optional_inline}}</dt> - <dd>A path that must exist in the requested URL, or the browser won't send the <code>Cookie</code> header.</dd> - <dd>The forward slash (<code>/</code>) character is interpreted as a directory separator, and subdirectories will be matched as well: for <code>Path=/docs</code>, <code>/docs</code>, <code>/docs/Web/</code>, and <code>/docs/Web/HTTP</code> will all match.</dd> - <dt id="Secure"><code>Secure</code> {{optional_inline}}</dt> - <dd>Cookie is only sent to the server when a request is made with the <code>https:</code> scheme (except on localhost), and therefore is more resistent to <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/MitM">man-in-the-middle</a> attacks. - <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Do not assume that <code>Secure</code> prevents all access to sensitive information in cookies (session keys, login details, etc.). Cookies with this attribute can still be read/modified with access to the client's hard disk, or from JavaScript if the <code>HttpOnly</code> cookie attribute is not set.</p> - - <p class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Insecure sites (<code>http:</code>) can't set cookies with the <code>Secure</code> attribute (since Chrome 52 and Firefox 52). For Firefox, the <code>https:</code> requirements are ignored when the <code>Secure</code> attribute is set by localhost (since Firefox 75).</p> - </dd> - <dt id="HttpOnly"><code>HttpOnly</code> {{optional_inline}}</dt> - <dd>Forbids JavaScript from accessing the cookie, for example, through the {{domxref("Document.cookie")}} property. Note that a cookie that has been created with HttpOnly will still be sent with JavaScript-initiated requests, e.g. when calling {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.send()")}} or {{domxref("fetch()")}}. This mitigates attacks against cross-site scripting ({{Glossary("XSS")}}).</dd> - <dt id="SameSite"><code>SameSite=<samesite-value></code> {{optional_inline}}</dt> - <dd>Controls whether a cookie is sent with cross-origin requests, providing some protection against cross-site request forgery attacks ({{Glossary("CSRF")}}).</dd> - <dd> - <div class="note"> - <p>Standards related to the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie/SameSite">SameSite Cookies</a> recently changed such that:</p> - - <ol> - <li>The cookie-sending behaviour if <code>SameSite</code> is not specified is <code>SameSite=Lax</code>. Previously the default was that cookies were sent for all requests.</li> - <li>Cookies with <code>SameSite=None</code> must now<br> - also specify the <code>Secure</code> attribute (i.e. they require a secure context).</li> - </ol> - - <p>The options below covers the new behaviour. See the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie/SameSite#Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</a> table for information about specific browser implementation (rows: "<code>SameSite</code>: Defaults to <code>Lax</code>" and "<code>SameSite</code>: Secure context required").</p> - </div> - Inline options are: - - <ul> - <li><code>Strict</code>: The browser sends the cookie only for same-site requests (that is, requests originating from the same site that set the cookie). If the request originated from a different URL than the current one, no cookies with the <code>SameSite=Strict</code> attribute are sent.</li> - <li><code>Lax</code>: The cookie is not sent on cross-site requests, such as calls to load images or frames, but is sent when a user is navigating to the origin site from an external site (e.g. if following a link).<br> - This is the default behaviour if the <code>SameSite</code> attribute is not specified.</li> - <li><code>None</code>: The browser sends the cookie with both cross-site and same-site requests. The <code>Secure</code> attribute must also be set when <code>SameSite=None</code>!</li> - </ul> - </dd> -</dl> - -<h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2> - -<h3 id="Session_cookie">Session cookie</h3> - -<p><strong>Session cookies</strong> are removed when the client shuts down. Cookies are session cookies if they don't specify the <code>Expires</code> or <code>Max-Age</code> attributes.</p> - -<pre class="notranslate">Set-Cookie: sessionId=38afes7a8</pre> - -<h3 id="Permanent_cookie">Permanent cookie</h3> - -<p>Instead of expiring when the client is closed, <strong>permanent cookies</strong> expire at a specific date (<code>Expires</code>) or after a specific length of time (<code>Max-Age</code>).</p> - -<pre class="notranslate">Set-Cookie: id=a3fWa; Expires=Wed, 21 Oct 2015 07:28:00 GMT -</pre> - -<pre class="notranslate">Set-Cookie: id=a3fWa; Max-Age=2592000</pre> - -<h3 id="Invalid_domains">Invalid domains</h3> - -<p>A cookie for a domain that does not include the server that set it <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265#section-4.1.2.3">should be rejected by the user agent</a>.</p> - -<p>The following cookie will be rejected if set by a server hosted on <code>originalcompany.com</code>:</p> - -<pre class="notranslate">Set-Cookie: qwerty=219ffwef9w0f; Domain=somecompany.co.uk</pre> - -<p>A cookie for a sub domain of the serving domain will be rejected.</p> - -<p>The following cookie will be rejected if set by a server hosted on <code>example.com</code>:</p> - -<pre class="notranslate">Set-Cookie: sessionId=e8bb43229de9; Domain=foo.example.com</pre> - -<h3 id="Cookie_prefixes">Cookie prefixes</h3> - -<p>Cookies names prefixed with <code>__Secure-</code> or <code>__Host-</code> can be used only if they are set with the <code>secure</code> attribute from a secure (HTTPS) origin.</p> - -<p>In addition, cookies with the <code>__Host-</code> prefix must have a path of <code>/</code> (meaning any path at the host) and must not have a <code>Domain</code> attribute.</p> - -<div class="blockIndicator warning"> -<p>For clients that don't implement cookie prefixes, you cannot count on these additional assurances, and prefixed cookies will always be accepted.</p> -</div> - -<pre class="notranslate">// Both accepted when from a secure origin (HTTPS) -Set-Cookie: __Secure-ID=123; Secure; Domain=example.com -Set-Cookie: __Host-ID=123; Secure; Path=/ - -// Rejected due to missing Secure attribute -Set-Cookie: __Secure-id=1 - -// Rejected due to the missing Path=/ attribute -Set-Cookie: __Host-id=1; Secure - -// Rejected due to setting a Domain -Set-Cookie: __Host-id=1; Secure; Path=/; Domain=example.com -</pre> - -<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2> - -<table class="standard-table"> - <thead> - <tr> - <th scope="col">Specification</th> - <th scope="col">Title</th> - </tr> - </thead> - <tbody> - <tr> - <td>{{RFC("6265", "Set-Cookie", "4.1")}}</td> - <td>HTTP State Management Mechanism</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-05">draft-ietf-httpbis-rfc6265bis-05</a></td> - <td>Cookie Prefixes, Same-Site Cookies, and Strict Secure Cookies</td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> - -<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2> - -<p>{{Compat("http.headers.Set-Cookie", 5)}}</p> - -<h2 id="Compatibility_notes">Compatibility notes</h2> - -<ul> - <li>Starting with Chrome 52 and Firefox 52, insecure sites (<code>http:</code>) can't set cookies with the <code>Secure</code> attribute anymore.</li> -</ul> - -<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> - -<ul> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies">HTTP cookies</a></li> - <li>{{HTTPHeader("Cookie")}}</li> - <li>{{domxref("Document.cookie")}}</li> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Set-Cookie/SameSite">SameSite cookies</a></li> -</ul> diff --git a/files/de/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/object/defineproperty/index.html b/files/de/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/object/defineproperty/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 7120abb08e..0000000000 --- a/files/de/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/object/defineproperty/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,413 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Object.defineProperty() -slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty -tags: - - Méthode - - Objekt -translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty ---- -<div>{{JSRef}}</div> - -<p>Die Methode <code><strong>Object.defineProperty()</strong></code> definiert eine neue Eigenschaft direkt auf ein Objekt, oder modifiziert eine Eigenschaft. Schließlich gibt die Funktion das Objekt zurück.</p> - -<h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2> - -<pre class="syntaxbox"><code>Object.defineProperty(<var>obj</var>, <var>prop</var>, <var>descriptor</var>)</code></pre> - -<h3 id="Parameter">Parameter</h3> - -<dl> - <dt><code>obj</code></dt> - <dd>Das Objekt, welchem die neue Eigenschaft zugewiesen werden soll.</dd> - <dt><code>prop</code></dt> - <dd>Der Name der Eigenschaft, welche hinzugefügt oder modifiziert werden soll.</dd> - <dt><code>descriptor</code></dt> - <dd>Die Beschreibung/ der Wert, welche die neue Eigenschaft annehmen soll.</dd> -</dl> - -<h3 id="Rückgabewert">Rückgabewert</h3> - -<p>Das Objekt, welches behandelt wurde.</p> - -<h2 id="Beschreibung">Beschreibung</h2> - -<p>Diese Methode erlaubt präzises Hinzufügen oder Modifizieren von Eigenschaften eines Objektes. Normal property addition through assignment creates properties which show up during property enumeration ({{jsxref("Statements/for...in", "for...in")}} loop or {{jsxref("Object.keys")}} method), whose values may be changed, and which may be {{jsxref("Operators/delete", "deleted", "", 1)}}. This method allows these extra details to be changed from their defaults. Standardmäßig sind Werte die mit <code>Object.defineProperty()</code> hinzugefügt wurden unveränderbar.</p> - -<p>Attribut Deskriptoren unterscheiden sich in zwei Varianten: Daten Deskriptoren und Zugiffsdeskriptoren. Ein <em>Datendeskriptor</em> ist ein Attribut welches einen Wert hat das schreibbar oder nicht schreibbar sein kann. Ein <em>Zugriffsdeskriptor</em> ist ein Attribut das mit einem "getter/setter Paar" beschrieben wird. Ein Deskriptor muss von einer dieser beiden Arten sein, er kann nicht beides sein.</p> - -<p>Beide, Daten- und Zugriffsdeskriptoren sind Objekte. Sie teilen die folgenden benötigten Objektschlüssel:</p> - -<dl> - <dt><code>configurable</code></dt> - <dd><code>true</code> if and only if the type of this property descriptor may be changed and if the property may be deleted from the corresponding object.<br> - <strong>Defaults to <code>false</code>.</strong></dd> - <dt><code>enumerable</code></dt> - <dd><code>true</code> if and only if this property shows up during enumeration of the properties on the corresponding object.<br> - <strong>Defaults to <code>false</code>.</strong></dd> -</dl> - -<p>Ein Datendeskriptor hat außerdem die folgenden, optionalen Schlüssel:</p> - -<dl> - <dt><code>value</code></dt> - <dd>The value associated with the property. Can be any valid JavaScript value (number, object, function, etc).<br> - <strong>Defaults to {{jsxref("undefined")}}.</strong></dd> - <dt><code>writable</code></dt> - <dd><code>true</code> if and only if the value associated with the property may be changed with an {{jsxref("Operators/Assignment_Operators", "assignment operator", "", 1)}}.<br> - <strong>Defaults to <code>false</code>.</strong></dd> -</dl> - -<p>Ein Zugriffsdeskriptor hat außerdem die folgenden, optionalen Schlüssel:</p> - -<dl> - <dt><code>get</code></dt> - <dd>A function which serves as a getter for the property, or {{jsxref("undefined")}} if there is no getter. The function return will be used as the value of property.<br> - <strong>Defaults to {{jsxref("undefined")}}.</strong></dd> - <dt><code>set</code></dt> - <dd>A function which serves as a setter for the property, or {{jsxref("undefined")}} if there is no setter. The function will receive as only argument the new value being assigned to the property.<br> - <strong>Defaults to {{jsxref("undefined")}}.</strong></dd> -</dl> - -<p>Bear in mind that these options are not necessarily the descriptor's own properties, and properties inherited from the prototype chain will be considered too. In order to ensure these defaults are preserved you might freeze the {{jsxref("Object.prototype")}} upfront or specify all options explicitly.</p> - -<pre class="brush: js">// being explicit -Object.defineProperty(obj, 'key', { - enumerable: false, - configurable: false, - writable: false, - value: 'static' -}); - -// recycling same object -function withValue(value) { - var d = withValue.d || ( - withValue.d = { - enumerable: false, - writable: false, - configurable: false, - value: null - } - ); - d.value = value; - return d; -} -// ... and ... -Object.defineProperty(obj, 'key', withValue('static')); - -// if freeze is available, prevents adding or -// removing the object prototype properties -// (value, get, set, enumerable, writable, configurable) -(Object.freeze || Object)(Object.prototype); -</pre> - -<h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2> - -<p>If you want to see how to use the <code>Object.defineProperty</code> method with a <em>binary-flags-like</em> syntax, see <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty/Additional_examples">additional examples</a>.</p> - -<h3 id="Creating_a_property">Creating a property</h3> - -<p>When the property specified doesn't exist in the object, <code>Object.defineProperty()</code> creates a new property as described. Fields may be omitted from the descriptor, and default values for those fields are imputed. All of the Boolean-valued fields default to <code>false</code>. The <code>value</code>, <code>get</code>, and <code>set</code> fields default to {{jsxref("undefined")}}. A property which is defined without <code>get</code>/<code>set</code>/<code>value</code>/<code>writable</code> is called “generic” and is “typed” as a data descriptor.</p> - -<pre class="brush: js">var o = {}; // Creates a new object - -// Example of an object property added with defineProperty with a data property descriptor -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { - value: 37, - writable: true, - enumerable: true, - configurable: true -}); -// 'a' property exists in the o object and its value is 37 - -// Example of an object property added with defineProperty with an accessor property descriptor -var bValue = 38; -Object.defineProperty(o, 'b', { - get: function() { return bValue; }, - set: function(newValue) { bValue = newValue; }, - enumerable: true, - configurable: true -}); -o.b; // 38 -// 'b' property exists in the o object and its value is 38 -// The value of o.b is now always identical to bValue, unless o.b is redefined - -// You cannot try to mix both: -Object.defineProperty(o, 'conflict', { - value: 0x9f91102, - get: function() { return 0xdeadbeef; } -}); -// throws a TypeError: value appears only in data descriptors, get appears only in accessor descriptors -</pre> - -<h3 id="Modifying_a_property">Modifying a property</h3> - -<p>When the property already exists, <code>Object.defineProperty()</code> attempts to modify the property according to the values in the descriptor and the object's current configuration. If the old descriptor had its <code>configurable</code> attribute set to <code>false</code> (the property is said to be “non-configurable”), then no attribute besides <code>writable</code> can be changed. In that case, it is also not possible to switch back and forth between the data and accessor property types.</p> - -<p>If a property is non-configurable, its <code>writable</code> attribute can only be changed to <code>false</code>.</p> - -<p>A {{jsxref("TypeError")}} is thrown when attempts are made to change non-configurable property attributes (besides the <code>writable</code> attribute) unless the current and new values are the same.</p> - -<h4 id="Writable_attribute">Writable attribute</h4> - -<p>When the <code>writable</code> property attribute is set to <code>false</code>, the property is said to be “non-writable”. It cannot be reassigned.</p> - -<pre class="brush: js">var o = {}; // Creates a new object - -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { - value: 37, - writable: false -}); - -console.log(o.a); // logs 37 -o.a = 25; // No error thrown (it would throw in strict mode, even if the value had been the same) -console.log(o.a); // logs 37. The assignment didn't work. -</pre> - -<p>As seen in the example, trying to write into the non-writable property doesn't change it but doesn't throw an error either.</p> - -<h4 id="Enumerable_attribute">Enumerable attribute</h4> - -<p>The <code>enumerable</code> property attribute defines whether the property shows up in a {{jsxref("Statements/for...in", "for...in")}} loop and {{jsxref("Object.keys()")}} or not.</p> - -<pre class="brush: js">var o = {}; -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { value: 1, enumerable: true }); -Object.defineProperty(o, 'b', { value: 2, enumerable: false }); -Object.defineProperty(o, 'c', { value: 3 }); // enumerable defaults to false -o.d = 4; // enumerable defaults to true when creating a property by setting it - -for (var i in o) { - console.log(i); -} -// logs 'a' and 'd' (in undefined order) - -Object.keys(o); // ['a', 'd'] - -o.propertyIsEnumerable('a'); // true -o.propertyIsEnumerable('b'); // false -o.propertyIsEnumerable('c'); // false -</pre> - -<h4 id="Configurable_attribute">Configurable attribute</h4> - -<p>The <code>configurable</code> attribute controls at the same time whether the property can be deleted from the object and whether its attributes (other than <code>writable</code>) can be changed.</p> - -<pre class="brush: js">var o = {}; -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { - get: function() { return 1; }, - configurable: false -}); - -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { configurable: true }); // throws a TypeError -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { enumerable: true }); // throws a TypeError -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { set: function() {} }); // throws a TypeError (set was undefined previously) -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { get: function() { return 1; } }); // throws a TypeError (even though the new get does exactly the same thing) -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { value: 12 }); // throws a TypeError - -console.log(o.a); // logs 1 -delete o.a; // Nothing happens -console.log(o.a); // logs 1 -</pre> - -<p>If the <code>configurable</code> attribute of <code>o.a</code> had been <code>true</code>, none of the errors would be thrown and the property would be deleted at the end.</p> - -<h3 id="Adding_properties_and_default_values">Adding properties and default values</h3> - -<p>It's important to consider the way default values of attributes are applied. There is often a difference between simply using dot notation to assign a value and using <code>Object.defineProperty()</code>, as shown in the example below.</p> - -<pre class="brush: js">var o = {}; - -o.a = 1; -// is equivalent to: -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { - value: 1, - writable: true, - configurable: true, - enumerable: true -}); - - -// On the other hand, -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { value: 1 }); -// is equivalent to: -Object.defineProperty(o, 'a', { - value: 1, - writable: false, - configurable: false, - enumerable: false -}); -</pre> - -<h3 id="Custom_Setters_and_Getters">Custom Setters and Getters</h3> - -<p>Example below shows how to implement a self-archiving object. When <code>temperature</code> property is set, the <code>archive</code> array gets a log entry.</p> - -<pre class="brush: js">function Archiver() { - var temperature = null; - var archive = []; - - Object.defineProperty(this, 'temperature', { - get: function() { - console.log('get!'); - return temperature; - }, - set: function(value) { - temperature = value; - archive.push({ val: temperature }); - } - }); - - this.getArchive = function() { return archive; }; -} - -var arc = new Archiver(); -arc.temperature; // 'get!' -arc.temperature = 11; -arc.temperature = 13; -arc.getArchive(); // [{ val: 11 }, { val: 13 }] -</pre> - -<p>or</p> - -<pre class="brush: js">var pattern = { - get: function () { - return 'I always return this string, whatever you have assigned'; - }, - set: function () { - this.myname = 'this is my name string'; - } -}; - - -function TestDefineSetAndGet() { - Object.defineProperty(this, 'myproperty', pattern); -} - - -var instance = new TestDefineSetAndGet(); -instance.myproperty = 'test'; -console.log(instance.myproperty); // I always return this string, whatever you have assigned - -console.log(instance.myname); // this is my name string - -</pre> - -<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2> - -<table class="standard-table"> - <tbody> - <tr> - <th scope="col">Specification</th> - <th scope="col">Status</th> - <th scope="col">Comment</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.2.3.6', 'Object.defineProperty')}}</td> - <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td> - <td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.8.5.</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-object.defineproperty', 'Object.defineProperty')}}</td> - <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-object.defineproperty', 'Object.defineProperty')}}</td> - <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td> - <td></td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> - -<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2> - -<div>{{CompatibilityTable}}</div> - -<div id="compat-desktop"> -<table class="compat-table"> - <tbody> - <tr> - <th>Feature</th> - <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th> - <th>Chrome</th> - <th>Internet Explorer</th> - <th>Opera</th> - <th>Safari</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Basic support</td> - <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("2")}}</td> - <td>{{CompatChrome("5")}}</td> - <td>{{CompatIE("9")}} [1]</td> - <td>{{CompatOpera("11.60")}}</td> - <td>{{CompatSafari("5.1")}} [2]</td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> -</div> - -<div id="compat-mobile"> -<table class="compat-table"> - <tbody> - <tr> - <th>Feature</th> - <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th> - <th>Android</th> - <th>IE Mobile</th> - <th>Opera Mobile</th> - <th>Safari Mobile</th> - </tr> - <tr> - <td>Basic support</td> - <td>{{CompatGeckoMobile("2")}}</td> - <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td> - <td>{{CompatIE("9")}}</td> - <td>{{CompatOperaMobile("11.5")}}</td> - <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> -</div> - -<p>[1] In Internet Explorer 8 only on DOM objects and with some non-standard behaviors.</p> - -<p>[2] Also supported in Safari 5, but not on DOM objects.</p> - -<h2 id="Compatibility_notes">Compatibility notes</h2> - -<h3 id="Redefining_the_length_property_of_an_Array_object">Redefining the <code>length</code> property of an <code>Array</code> object</h3> - -<p>It is possible to redefine the {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property of arrays, subject to the usual redefinition restrictions. (The {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property is initially non-configurable, non-enumerable, and writable. Thus on an unaltered array it is possible to change the {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property's value, or to make it non-writable. It is not allowed to change its enumerability or configurability, or if it is non-writable to change its value or writability.) However, not all browsers permit this redefinition.</p> - -<p>Firefox 4 through 22 will throw a {{jsxref("TypeError")}} on any attempt whatsoever (whether permitted or not) to redefine the {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property of an array.</p> - -<p>Versions of Chrome which implement <code>Object.defineProperty()</code> in some circumstances ignore a length value different from the array's current {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property. In some circumstances changing writability seems to silently not work (and not throw an exception). Also, relatedly, some array-mutating methods like {{jsxref("Array.prototype.push")}} don't respect a non-writable length.</p> - -<p>Versions of Safari which implement <code>Object.defineProperty()</code> ignore a <code>length</code> value different from the array's current {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property, and attempts to change writability execute without error but do not actually change the property's writability.</p> - -<p>Only Internet Explorer 9 and later, and Firefox 23 and later, appear to fully and correctly implement redefinition of the {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property of arrays. For now, don't rely on redefining the {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property of an array to either work, or to work in a particular manner. And even when you <em>can</em> rely on it, <a href="http://whereswalden.com/2013/08/05/new-in-firefox-23-the-length-property-of-an-array-can-be-made-non-writable-but-you-shouldnt-do-it/">there's really no good reason to do so</a>.</p> - -<h3 id="Internet_Explorer_8_specific_notes">Internet Explorer 8 specific notes</h3> - -<p>Internet Explorer 8 implemented a <code>Object.defineProperty()</code> method that could <a class="external" href="https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd229916%28VS.85%29.aspx">only be used on DOM objects</a>. A few things need to be noted:</p> - -<ul> - <li>Trying to use <code>Object.defineProperty()</code> on native objects throws an error.</li> - <li>Property attributes must be set to some values. <code>Configurable</code>, <code>enumerable</code> and <code>writable</code> attributes should all be set to <code>true</code> for data descriptor and <code>true</code> for <code>configurable</code>, <code>false</code> for <code>enumerable</code> for accessor descriptor.(?) Any attempt to provide other value(?) will result in an error being thrown.</li> - <li>Reconfiguring a property requires first deleting the property. If the property isn't deleted, it stays as it was before the reconfiguration attempt.</li> -</ul> - -<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> - -<ul> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Enumerability_and_ownership_of_properties">Enumerability and ownership of properties</a></li> - <li>{{jsxref("Object.defineProperties()")}}</li> - <li>{{jsxref("Object.propertyIsEnumerable()")}}</li> - <li>{{jsxref("Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor()")}}</li> - <li>{{jsxref("Object.prototype.watch()")}}</li> - <li>{{jsxref("Object.prototype.unwatch()")}}</li> - <li>{{jsxref("Operators/get", "get")}}</li> - <li>{{jsxref("Operators/set", "set")}}</li> - <li>{{jsxref("Object.create()")}}</li> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/defineProperty/Additional_examples">Additional <code>Object.defineProperty</code> examples</a></li> - <li>{{jsxref("Reflect.defineProperty()")}}</li> -</ul> |