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diff --git a/files/pt-pt/archive/mozilla/xul/namespaces/index.html b/files/pt-pt/archive/mozilla/xul/namespaces/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..53bc371053 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/pt-pt/archive/mozilla/xul/namespaces/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,153 @@ +--- +title: Espaços de nomes +slug: Archive/Mozilla/XUL/Namespaces +tags: + - Extensões + - Extras +translation_of: Archive/Mozilla/XUL/Namespaces +--- +<p> </p> + +<p>Em adição a este documento, consulte <em><a href="/pt-PT/docs/Web/SVG/Namespaces_Crash_Course" title="en/SVG/Namespaces_Crash_Course">Namespaces Crash Course</a></em>.</p> + +<p><strong>Espaços de nomes XML </strong>fornecem uma maneira para distinguir nomes duplicados de elementos e atributos. Os nomes de elementos e atributos duplicados podem ocorrer quando um documento XML contém elementos e atributos de dois ou mais esquemas XML diferentes (ou DTDs). para citar <a class="external" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espa%C3%A7o_de_nomes">Wikipédia</a>: "Em geral, um espaço de nome é um recipiente abstrato que fornece contexto para os itens... este contém e permite a desambiguação de itens com o mesmo nome."</p> + +<p>If you are familiar with C++ namespaces, Java packages, perl packages, or Python module importing, you are already familiar with the namespace concept.</p> + +<p>An XML namespace is identified by an unique name (called a URI, not a URL, even though it can look like a URL). An URI is any string, although most people choose a URL-based URI because URLs are an easy way to <em>hope</em> for uniqueness. Although there's nothing preventing someone else from using the namespace <code>http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul</code>, it's fairly unlikely anyone would choose that accidentally. Even if they did accidentally choose it, they may not define the same elements as XUL anyway (e.g., <code><textbox/></code>) in their schema/DTD.</p> + +<p>Any element type or attribute name in an XML namespace can be uniquely identified by its XML namespace and its "local name". Together, these two items define a <em>qualified name</em>, or <a class="external" href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#dt-qualname">QName</a>.</p> + +<p>For example, <code><xul:textbox/></code> uses a namespace named "xul" and a local name "textbox". This distinguishes it from, for example, <code><foobar:textbox/></code> which might occur in the same document. The <strong>xul</strong> and <strong>foobar</strong> namespaces must be defined at the top of the XML document in which they are used, like so:</p> + +<pre> <foobar:some-element + xmlns:xul="http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul" + xmlns:foobar="the-foobar-namespace"> + <xul:textbox id="foo" value="bar"/> + <foobar:textbox favorite-food="pancakes"/> + </foobar:some-element> +</pre> + +<p>Notice I've mixed two <code><textboxes/></code> in the same document. The only way to distinguish that they have different meanings is with namespaces.</p> + +<p>There's only one other thing to know: "default namespace". Every XML element has a "default namespace", and this is used with XUL elements all the time. In XUL documents, you'll usually see this:</p> + +<pre> <window + id="foo" + xmlns="http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul"> + ... + ... + </window> +</pre> + +<p>and in XHTML documents, you'll see this:</p> + +<pre> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + ... + ... + </html> +</pre> + +<p>There is a very subtle difference here than before. Before I wrote <code>xmlns<strong>:xul</strong>="http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul"</code> but here the <strong>:xul</strong> piece is omitted. This signifies to the XML parser that <code>http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul</code> is the <strong>default namespace</strong> for the element and its descendant elements (unless further overridden by a default namespace on a descendant element), and that any element without a namespace (i.e., no prefix and colon) belongs to the default namespace. That's why we can write the shorthand <code><textbox/></code> instead of <code><xul:textbox/></code> in XUL (although the latter is just as correct when not using <code>http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul</code> as the default namespace) -- the XUL namespace is defined as the default on the topmost element. In other words, a default namespace permits a kind of short-hand to be used for all descendants of an element.</p> + +<p>Here's a question: what namespace contains the element <code>foo</code> in the XML document below?</p> + +<pre> <foo/> +</pre> + +<p>The answer is that it's in <strong>no</strong> namespace, or alternately, it's in the namespace denoted by the empty string:</p> + +<pre> <foo xmlns=""/> +</pre> + +<p>This second example is semantically equivalent to the first.</p> + +<p>Now, a second question: what namespaces are the <code>bar</code>, <code>baz</code>, and <code>quux</code> attributes in?</p> + +<pre> <foo bar="value"> + <element xmlns="namespace!" baz="value"> + <element quux="value"/> + </element> + </foo> +</pre> + +<p><code>bar</code> is obviously not in a namespace. What about <code>baz</code> and <code>quux</code>? The answer is that they aren't in a namespace either. In fact no unprefixed attribute is ever in a namespace, primarily because XML originally didn't have namespaces, and all XML from that time had to stay in no namespace. This is a source of perennial confusion for XML namespaces.</p> + +<div id="SL_balloon_obj" style="display: block;"> +<div class="SL_ImTranslatorLogo" id="SL_button" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) repeat scroll 0% 0%; opacity: 0; display: block; left: -8px; top: -25px; transition: visibility 2s ease 0s, opacity 2s linear 0s;"> </div> + +<div id="SL_shadow_translation_result2" style="display: none;"> </div> + +<div id="SL_shadow_translator" style="display: none;"> +<div id="SL_planshet"> +<div id="SL_arrow_up" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </div> + +<div id="SL_Bproviders"> +<div class="SL_BL_LABLE_ON" id="SL_P0" title="Google">G</div> + +<div class="SL_BL_LABLE_ON" id="SL_P1" title="Microsoft">M</div> + +<div class="SL_BL_LABLE_ON" id="SL_P2" title="Translator">T</div> +</div> + +<div id="SL_alert_bbl" style="display: none;"> +<div id="SLHKclose" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </div> + +<div id="SL_alert_cont"> </div> 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value="da">Dinamarquês</option><option value="sk">Eslovaco</option><option value="sl">Esloveno</option><option value="es">Espanhol</option><option value="eo">Esperanto</option><option value="et">Estoniano</option><option value="fi">Finlandês</option><option value="fr">Francês</option><option value="gl">Galego</option><option value="cy">Galês</option><option value="ka">Georgiano</option><option value="el">Grego</option><option value="gu">Gujarati</option><option value="ha">Hauça</option><option value="iw">Hebraico</option><option value="hi">Hindi</option><option value="hmn">Hmong</option><option value="nl">Holandês</option><option value="hu">Húngaro</option><option value="ig">Igbo</option><option value="id">Indonésio</option><option value="en">Inglês</option><option value="yo">Ioruba</option><option value="ga">Irlandês</option><option value="is">Islandês</option><option value="it">Italiano</option><option value="ja">Japonês</option><option value="jw">Javanês</option><option 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value="hi">Hindi</option><option value="hmn">Hmong</option><option value="nl">Holandês</option><option value="hu">Húngaro</option><option value="ig">Igbo</option><option value="id">Indonésio</option><option selected value="en">Inglês</option><option value="yo">Ioruba</option><option value="ga">Irlandês</option><option value="is">Islandês</option><option value="it">Italiano</option><option value="ja">Japonês</option><option value="jw">Javanês</option><option value="kn">Kannada</option><option value="km">Khmer</option><option value="lo">Laosiano</option><option value="la">Latim</option><option value="lv">Letão</option><option value="lt">Lituano</option><option value="mk">Macedônico</option><option value="ml">Malaiala</option><option value="ms">Malaio</option><option value="mg">Malgaxe</option><option value="mt">Maltês</option><option value="mi">Maori</option><option value="mr">Marathi</option><option value="mn">Mongol</option><option value="ne">Nepalês</option><option value="no">Norueguês</option><option value="fa">Persa</option><option value="pl">Polonês</option><option value="pt">Português</option><option value="pa">Punjabi</option><option value="ro">Romeno</option><option value="ru">Russo</option><option value="sr">Sérvio</option><option value="st">Sesotho</option><option value="so">Somália</option><option value="sw">Suaíli</option><option value="su">Sudanês</option><option value="sv">Sueco</option><option value="tg">Tadjique</option><option value="tl">Tagalo</option><option value="th">Tailandês</option><option value="ta">Tâmil</option><option value="cs">Tcheco</option><option value="te">Telugo</option><option value="tr">Turco</option><option value="uk">Ucraniano</option><option value="ur">Urdu</option><option value="uz">Uzbeque</option><option value="vi">Vietnamita</option><option value="yi">Yiddish</option><option value="zu">Zulu</option></select></td> + <td class="SL_td"> + <div id="SL_TTS_voice" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) repeat 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