From 4b1a9203c547c019fc5398082ae19a3f3d4c3efe Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Peter Bengtsson Date: Tue, 8 Dec 2020 14:41:15 -0500 Subject: initial commit --- files/ar/web/api/history_api/index.html | 262 +++++++++++++ .../\331\205\330\253\330\247\331\204/index.html" | 416 +++++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 678 insertions(+) create mode 100644 files/ar/web/api/history_api/index.html create mode 100644 "files/ar/web/api/history_api/\331\205\330\253\330\247\331\204/index.html" (limited to 'files/ar/web/api/history_api') diff --git a/files/ar/web/api/history_api/index.html b/files/ar/web/api/history_api/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..0db39b3b98 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/ar/web/api/history_api/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,262 @@ +--- +title: Manipulating the browser history +slug: Web/API/History_API +tags: + - Advanced + - DOM + - HTML5 + - History + - NeedsTranslation + - TopicStub +translation_of: Web/API/History_API +--- +

با استفاده از آبجکت {{ domxref("window") }} می توانید به تاریخچه مرورگر توسط آبجت {{ domxref("window.history", "history") }}  دسترسی داشته باشید . این آبجکت متد ها و ویژگی های بسیار کاربردی را در اختیار شما قرار میدهد تا بتوانید در تاریخچه مرورگر به عقب یا جلو بروید در واقع قادر خواهید بود تا عمل back و forward را انجام دهید

+ +

مرور در تاریخچه مرورگر

+ +

با استفاده از

+ +

Moving backward and forward through the user's history is done using the back(), forward(), and go() methods.

+ +

Moving forward and backward

+ +

To move backward through history, just do:

+ +
window.history.back();
+
+ +

This will act exactly like the user clicked on the Back button in their browser toolbar.

+ +

Similarly, you can move forward (as if the user clicked the Forward button), like this:

+ +
window.history.forward();
+
+ +

Moving to a specific point in history

+ +

You can use the go() method to load a specific page from session history, identified by its relative position to the current page (with the current page being, of course, relative index 0).

+ +

To move back one page (the equivalent of calling back()):

+ +
window.history.go(-1);
+
+ +

To move forward a page, just like calling forward():

+ +
window.history.go(1);
+
+ +

Similarly, you can move forward 2 pages by passing 2, and so forth.

+ +

You can determine the number of pages in the history stack by looking at the value of the length property:

+ +
var numberOfEntries = window.history.length;
+
+ +
Note: Internet Explorer supports passing string URLs as a parameter to go(); this is non-standard and not supported by Gecko.
+ +

Adding and modifying history entries

+ +

{{ gecko_minversion_header("2") }}

+ +

HTML5 introduced the history.pushState() and history.replaceState() methods, which allow you to add and modify history entries, respectively. These methods work in conjunction with the {{ domxref("window.onpopstate") }} event.

+ +

Using history.pushState() changes the referrer that gets used in the HTTP header for XMLHttpRequest objects created after you change the state. The referrer will be the URL of the document whose window is this at the time of creation of the XMLHttpRequest object.

+ +

Example of pushState() method

+ +

Suppose http://mozilla.org/foo.html executes the following JavaScript:

+ +
var stateObj = { foo: "bar" };
+history.pushState(stateObj, "page 2", "bar.html");
+
+ +

This will cause the URL bar to display http://mozilla.org/bar.html, but won't cause the browser to load bar.html or even check that bar.html exists.

+ +

Suppose now that the user now navigates to http://google.com, then clicks back. At this point, the URL bar will display http://mozilla.org/bar.html, and the page will get a popstate event whose state object contains a copy of stateObj. The page itself will look like foo.html, although the page might modify its contents during the popstate event.

+ +

If we click back again, the URL will change to http://mozilla.org/foo.html, and the document will get another popstate event, this time with a null state object. Here too, going back doesn't change the document's contents from what they were in the previous step, although the document might update its contents manually upon receiving the popstate event.

+ +

The pushState() method

+ +

pushState() takes three parameters: a state object, a title (which is currently ignored), and (optionally) a URL. Let's examine each of these three parameters in more detail:

+ + + +
Note: In Gecko 2.0 {{ geckoRelease("2.0") }} through Gecko 5.0 {{ geckoRelease("5.0") }}, the passed object is serialized using JSON. Starting in Gecko 6.0 {{ geckoRelease("6.0") }}, the object is serialized using the structured clone algorithm. This allows a wider variety of objects to be safely passed.
+ +

In a sense, calling pushState() is similar to setting window.location = "#foo", in that both will also create and activate another history entry associated with the current document. But pushState() has a few advantages:

+ + + +

Note that pushState() never causes a hashchange event to be fired, even if the new URL differs from the old URL only in its hash.

+ +

In a XUL document, it creates the specified XUL element.

+ +

In other documents, it creates an element with a null namespace URI.

+ +

The replaceState() method

+ +

history.replaceState() operates exactly like history.pushState() except that replaceState() modifies the current history entry instead of creating a new one. Note that this doesn't prevent the creation of a new entry in the global browser history.

+ +

replaceState() is particularly useful when you want to update the state object or URL of the current history entry in response to some user action.

+ +
Note: In Gecko 2.0 {{ geckoRelease("2.0") }} through Gecko 5.0 {{ geckoRelease("5.0") }}, the passed object is serialized using JSON. Starting in Gecko 6.0 {{ geckoRelease("6.0") }}, the object is serialized using the structured clone algorithm. This allows a wider variety of objects to be safely passed.
+ +

Example of replaceState() method

+ +

Suppose http://mozilla.org/foo.html executes the following JavaScript:

+ +
var stateObj = { foo: "bar" };
+history.pushState(stateObj, "page 2", "bar.html");
+
+ +

The explanation of these two lines above can be found at "Example of pushState() method" section. Then suppose http://mozilla.org/bar.html executes the following JavaScript:

+ +
history.replaceState(stateObj, "page 3", "bar2.html");
+
+ +

This will cause the URL bar to display http://mozilla.org/bar2.html, but won't cause the browser to load bar2.html or even check that bar2.html exists.

+ +

Suppose now that the user now navigates to http://www.microsoft.com, then clicks back. At this point, the URL bar will display http://mozilla.org/bar2.html. If the user now clicks back again, the URL bar will display http://mozilla.org/foo.html, and totally bypass bar.html.

+ +

The popstate event

+ +

A popstate event is dispatched to the window every time the active history entry changes. If the history entry being activated was created by a call to pushState or affected by a call to replaceState, the popstate event's state property contains a copy of the history entry's state object.

+ +

See {{ domxref("window.onpopstate") }} for sample usage.

+ +

Reading the current state

+ +

When your page loads, it might have a non-null state object.  This can happen, for example, if the page sets a state object (using pushState() or replaceState()) and then the user restarts their browser.  When your page reloads, the page will receive an onload event, but no popstate event.  However, if you read the history.state property, you'll get back the state object you would have gotten if a popstate had fired.

+ +

You can read the state of the current history entry without waiting for a popstate event using the history.state property like this:

+ +
var currentState = history.state;
+
+ +

Examples

+ +

For a complete example of AJAX web site, please see: Ajax navigation example.

+ +

Specifications

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SpecificationStatusComment
{{SpecName('HTML WHATWG', "browsers.html#history", "History")}}{{Spec2('HTML WHATWG')}}No change from {{SpecName("HTML5 W3C")}}.
{{SpecName('HTML5 W3C', "browsers.html#history", "History")}}{{Spec2('HTML5 W3C')}}Initial definition.
+ +

Browser compatibility

+ +

{{ CompatibilityTable() }}

+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FeatureChromeEdgeFirefox (Gecko)Internet ExplorerOperaSafari
replaceState, pushState5{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{ CompatGeckoDesktop("2.0") }}1011.505.0
history.state18{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{ CompatGeckoDesktop("2.0") }}1011.506.0
+
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FeatureAndroidEdgeFirefox Mobile (Gecko)IE MobileOpera MobileSafari Mobile
replaceState, pushState{{ CompatUnknown() }}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{ CompatUnknown() }}{{ CompatUnknown() }}{{ CompatUnknown() }}{{ CompatUnknown() }}
history.state{{ CompatUnknown() }}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{ CompatUnknown() }}{{ CompatUnknown() }}{{ CompatUnknown() }}{{ CompatUnknown() }}
+
+ +

See also

+ + + +

 

+ +

 

diff --git "a/files/ar/web/api/history_api/\331\205\330\253\330\247\331\204/index.html" "b/files/ar/web/api/history_api/\331\205\330\253\330\247\331\204/index.html" new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1bcce72374 --- /dev/null +++ "b/files/ar/web/api/history_api/\331\205\330\253\330\247\331\204/index.html" @@ -0,0 +1,416 @@ +--- +title: مثال تصفح آجاكس +slug: Web/API/History_API/مثال +translation_of: Web/API/History_API/Example +--- +

هذا مثال عن موقع واب يستعمل تقنية Ajax مُكَـوَّن فقط من ثلاث صفحات (first_page.php، second_page.php  و third_page.php). لرؤية كيفية اشتغالها، رجاء، قم بصنع الملفات التالية (أو git clone https://github.com/giabao/mdn-ajax-nav-example.git)

+ +
ملاحظة: لدمج كامل لعناصر{{HTMLElement("form")}} ضمن هذه الآلية، رجاء ألق نظرة على فقرة Submitting forms and uploading files.
+ +

first_page.php:

+ +
+
<?php
+    $page_title = "First page";
+
+    $as_json = false;
+    if (isset($_GET["view_as"]) && $_GET["view_as"] == "json") {
+        $as_json = true;
+        ob_start();
+    } else {
+?>
+<!doctype html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<?php
+        include "include/header.php";
+        echo "<title>" . $page_title . "</title>";
+?>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<?php include "include/before_content.php"; ?>
+
+<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>first_page.php</strong>.</p>
+
+<div id="ajax-content">
+<?php } ?>
+
+    <p>This is the content of <strong>first_page.php</strong>.</p>
+
+<?php
+    if ($as_json) {
+        echo json_encode(array("page" => $page_title, "content" => ob_get_clean()));
+    } else {
+?>
+</div>
+
+<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>first_page.php</strong>.</p>
+
+<?php
+        include "include/after_content.php";
+        echo "</body>\n</html>";
+    }
+?>
+
+
+ +

second_page.php:

+ +
+
<?php
+    $page_title = "Second page";
+
+    $as_json = false;
+    if (isset($_GET["view_as"]) && $_GET["view_as"] == "json") {
+        $as_json = true;
+        ob_start();
+    } else {
+?>
+<!doctype html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<?php
+        include "include/header.php";
+        echo "<title>" . $page_title . "</title>";
+?>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<?php include "include/before_content.php"; ?>
+
+<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>second_page.php</strong>.</p>
+
+<div id="ajax-content">
+<?php } ?>
+
+    <p>This is the content of <strong>second_page.php</strong>.</p>
+
+<?php
+    if ($as_json) {
+        echo json_encode(array("page" => $page_title, "content" => ob_get_clean()));
+    } else {
+?>
+</div>
+
+<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>second_page.php</strong>.</p>
+
+<?php
+        include "include/after_content.php";
+        echo "</body>\n</html>";
+    }
+?>
+
+
+ +

third_page.php:

+ +
+
<?php
+    $page_title = "Third page";
+    $page_content = "<p>This is the content of <strong>third_page.php</strong>. This content is stored into a php variable.</p>";
+
+    if (isset($_GET["view_as"]) && $_GET["view_as"] == "json") {
+        echo json_encode(array("page" => $page_title, "content" => $page_content));
+    } else {
+?>
+<!doctype html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<?php
+        include "include/header.php";
+        echo "<title>" . $page_title . "</title>";
+?>
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<?php include "include/before_content.php"; ?>
+
+<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>third_page.php</strong>.</p>
+
+<div id="ajax-content">
+<?php echo $page_content; ?>
+</div>
+
+<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>third_page.php</strong>.</p>
+
+<?php
+        include "include/after_content.php";
+        echo "</body>\n</html>";
+    }
+?>
+
+
+ +

css/style.css:

+ +
#ajax-loader {
+    position: fixed;
+    display: table;
+    top: 0;
+    left: 0;
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 100%;
+}
+
+#ajax-loader > div {
+    display: table-cell;
+    width: 100%;
+    height: 100%;
+    vertical-align: middle;
+    text-align: center;
+    background-color: #000000;
+    opacity: 0.65;
+}
+
+ +

include/after_content.php:

+ +
<p>This is the footer. It is shared between all ajax pages.</p>
+
+ +

include/before_content.php:

+ +
<p>
+[ <a class="ajax-nav" href="first_page.php">First example</a>
+| <a class="ajax-nav" href="second_page.php">Second example</a>
+| <a class="ajax-nav" href="third_page.php">Third example</a>
+| <a class="ajax-nav" href="unexisting.php">Unexisting page</a> ]
+</p>
+
+
+ +

include/header.php:

+ +
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
+<script type="text/javascript" src="js/ajax_nav.js"></script>
+<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" />
+
+ +

js/ajax_nav.js:

+ +

(قبل تنفيذها في بيئة العمل، رجاءً اقرأ the note about the const statement compatibility)

+ +
+
"use strict";
+
+const ajaxRequest = new (function () {
+
+    function closeReq () {
+        oLoadingBox.parentNode && document.body.removeChild(oLoadingBox);
+        bIsLoading = false;
+    }
+
+    function abortReq () {
+        if (!bIsLoading) { return; }
+        oReq.abort();
+        closeReq();
+    }
+
+    function ajaxError () {
+        alert("Unknown error.");
+    }
+
+    function ajaxLoad () {
+        var vMsg, nStatus = this.status;
+        switch (nStatus) {
+            case 200:
+                vMsg = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
+                document.title = oPageInfo.title = vMsg.page;
+                document.getElementById(sTargetId).innerHTML = vMsg.content;
+                if (bUpdateURL) {
+                    history.pushState(oPageInfo, oPageInfo.title, oPageInfo.url);
+                    bUpdateURL = false;
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                vMsg = nStatus + ": " + (oHTTPStatus[nStatus] || "Unknown");
+                switch (Math.floor(nStatus / 100)) {
+                    /*
+                    case 1:
+                        // Informational 1xx
+                        console.log("Information code " + vMsg);
+                        break;
+                    case 2:
+                        // Successful 2xx
+                        console.log("Successful code " + vMsg);
+                        break;
+                    case 3:
+                        // Redirection 3xx
+                        console.log("Redirection code " + vMsg);
+                        break;
+                    */
+                    case 4:
+                        /* Client Error 4xx */
+                        alert("Client Error #" + vMsg);
+                        break;
+                    case 5:
+                        /* Server Error 5xx */
+                        alert("Server Error #" + vMsg);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        /* Unknown status */
+                        ajaxError();
+                }
+        }
+        closeReq();
+    }
+
+    function filterURL (sURL, sViewMode) {
+        return sURL.replace(rSearch, "") + ("?" + sURL.replace(rHost, "&").replace(rView, sViewMode ? "&" + sViewKey + "=" + sViewMode : "").slice(1)).replace(rEndQstMark, "");
+    }
+
+    function getPage (sPage) {
+        if (bIsLoading) { return; }
+        oReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
+        bIsLoading = true;
+        oReq.onload = ajaxLoad;
+        oReq.onerror = ajaxError;
+        if (sPage) { oPageInfo.url = filterURL(sPage, null); }
+        oReq.open("get", filterURL(oPageInfo.url, "json"), true);
+        oReq.send();
+        oLoadingBox.parentNode || document.body.appendChild(oLoadingBox);
+    }
+
+    function requestPage (sURL) {
+        if (history.pushState) {
+            bUpdateURL = true;
+            getPage(sURL);
+        } else {
+            /* Ajax navigation is not supported */
+            location.assign(sURL);
+        }
+    }
+
+    function processLink () {
+        if (this.className === sAjaxClass) {
+            requestPage(this.href);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    function init () {
+        oPageInfo.title = document.title;
+        for (var oLink, nIdx = 0, nLen = document.links.length; nIdx < nLen; document.links[nIdx++].onclick = processLink);
+    }
+
+    const
+
+        /* customizable constants */
+        sTargetId = "ajax-content", sViewKey = "view_as", sAjaxClass = "ajax-nav",
+
+        /* not customizable constants */
+        rSearch = /\?.*$/, rHost = /^[^\?]*\?*&*/, rView = new RegExp("&" + sViewKey + "\\=[^&]*|&*$", "i"), rEndQstMark = /\?$/,
+        oLoadingBox = document.createElement("div"), oCover = document.createElement("div"), oLoadingImg = new Image(),
+        oPageInfo = {
+            title: null,
+            url: location.href
+        }, oHTTPStatus = /* http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xml */ {
+            100: "Continue",
+            101: "Switching Protocols",
+            102: "Processing",
+            200: "OK",
+            201: "Created",
+            202: "Accepted",
+            203: "Non-Authoritative Information",
+            204: "No Content",
+            205: "Reset Content",
+            206: "Partial Content",
+            207: "Multi-Status",
+            208: "Already Reported",
+            226: "IM Used",
+            300: "Multiple Choices",
+            301: "Moved Permanently",
+            302: "Found",
+            303: "See Other",
+            304: "Not Modified",
+            305: "Use Proxy",
+            306: "Reserved",
+            307: "Temporary Redirect",
+            308: "Permanent Redirect",
+            400: "Bad Request",
+            401: "Unauthorized",
+            402: "Payment Required",
+            403: "Forbidden",
+            404: "Not Found",
+            405: "Method Not Allowed",
+            406: "Not Acceptable",
+            407: "Proxy Authentication Required",
+            408: "Request Timeout",
+            409: "Conflict",
+            410: "Gone",
+            411: "Length Required",
+            412: "Precondition Failed",
+            413: "Request Entity Too Large",
+            414: "Request-URI Too Long",
+            415: "Unsupported Media Type",
+            416: "Requested Range Not Satisfiable",
+            417: "Expectation Failed",
+            422: "Unprocessable Entity",
+            423: "Locked",
+            424: "Failed Dependency",
+            425: "Unassigned",
+            426: "Upgrade Required",
+            427: "Unassigned",
+            428: "Precondition Required",
+            429: "Too Many Requests",
+            430: "Unassigned",
+            431: "Request Header Fields Too Large",
+            500: "Internal Server Error",
+            501: "Not Implemented",
+            502: "Bad Gateway",
+            503: "Service Unavailable",
+            504: "Gateway Timeout",
+            505: "HTTP Version Not Supported",
+            506: "Variant Also Negotiates (Experimental)",
+            507: "Insufficient Storage",
+            508: "Loop Detected",
+            509: "Unassigned",
+            510: "Not Extended",
+            511: "Network Authentication Required"
+        };
+
+    var
+
+        oReq, bIsLoading = false, bUpdateURL = false;
+
+    oLoadingBox.id = "ajax-loader";
+    oCover.onclick = abortReq;
+    oLoadingImg.src = "data:image/gif;base64,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";
+    oCover.appendChild(oLoadingImg);
+    oLoadingBox.appendChild(oCover);
+
+    onpopstate = function (oEvent) {
+        bUpdateURL = false;
+        oPageInfo.title = oEvent.state.title;
+        oPageInfo.url = oEvent.state.url;
+        getPage();
+    };
+
+    window.addEventListener ? addEventListener("load", init, false) : window.attachEvent ? attachEvent("onload", init) : (onload = init);
+
+    // Public methods
+
+    this.open = requestPage;
+    this.stop = abortReq;
+    this.rebuildLinks = init;
+
+})();
+
+
+
+ +
ملاحظة: التنفيذ الحالي لـconst (تعليمة ثابتة) ليست جزءا من ECMAScript 5. هي مدعومة على متصفحات فايرفوكس وكروم (V8) ومدعومة جزئيا على أوبرا 9+ وسافاري. ليست مدعومة على Internet Explorer 6-9، ولا في معاينة Internet Explorer 10. - ستكون معرفة في ECMAScript 6، لكن بدلالات أخرى. على غرار المتغيرات المعرفة (declared) بـتعليمة let ، الثوابت المعرفة بـconst ستكون. نقوم باستعمالها لغرض تعليمي. إذا كنت تريد توافقا كاملا مع المتصفح، رجاء قم باستبدال تعليمات const بتعليمات var.
+ +

For more information, please see: Manipulating the browser history.

+ +

See also

+ + -- cgit v1.2.3-54-g00ecf