From 3601b7bb982e958927e069715cfe07430bce7196 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Peter Bengtsson Date: Thu, 15 Jul 2021 12:59:34 -0400 Subject: delete pages that were never translated from en-US (es, part 1) (#1547) --- files/es/web/media/formats/containers/index.html | 1329 ---------------------- 1 file changed, 1329 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 files/es/web/media/formats/containers/index.html (limited to 'files/es/web/media') diff --git a/files/es/web/media/formats/containers/index.html b/files/es/web/media/formats/containers/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 2864534d67..0000000000 --- a/files/es/web/media/formats/containers/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1329 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: Media container formats (file types) -slug: Web/Media/Formats/Containers -tags: - - Hugo javier duran miranda. -translation_of: Web/Media/Formats/Containers ---- -
{{QuickLinksWithSubpages("/en-US/docs/Web/Media")}}
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The format of audio and video media files is defined in two parts (three if a file has both audio and video in it, of course): the audio and/or video codecs used and the media container format (or file type) used. In this guide, we'll look at the container formats used most commonly on the web, covering basics about their specifications as well as their benefits, limitations, and ideal use cases.

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WebRTC does not use a container at all. Instead, it streams the encoded audio and video tracks directly from one peer to another using {{domxref("MediaStreamTrack")}} objects to represent each track. See Codecs used by WebRTC for information about codecs commonly used for making WebRTC calls, as well as browser compatibility information around codec support in WebRTC.

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Common container formats

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While there are a vast number of media container formats, the ones listed below are the ones you are most likely to encounter. Some support only audio while others support both audio and video. The MIME types and extensions for each are listed.The most commonly used containers for media on the web are probably MPEG-4 (MP4), QuickTime Movie (MOV), and the Wavefile Audio File Format (WAV). However, you may also encounter MP3, Ogg, WebM, AVI, and other formats. Not all of these are broadly supported by browsers, however; some combinations of container and codec are sometimes given their own file extensions and MIME types as a matter of convenience, or because of their ubiquity. For example, an Ogg file with only an Opus audio track is sometimes referred to as an Opus file, and might even have the extension .opus. But it's still actually just an Ogg file.

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In other cases, a particular codec, stored in a certain container type, is so ubiquitous that the pairing is treated in a unique fashion. A good example of this is the MP3 audio file, which is in fact an MPEG-1 container with a single audio track encoded using MPEG-1 Audio Layer III encoding. These files use the audio/mp3 MIME type and the .mp3 extension, even though their containers are just MPEG.

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Index of media container formats (file types)

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To learn more about a specific container format, find it in this list and click through to the details, which include information about what the container is typically useful for, what codecs it supports, and which browsers support it, among other specifics.

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Codec name (short)Full codec nameBrowser compatibility1
{{anch("3GP")}}Third Generation PartnershipFirefox for Android
{{anch("ADTS")}}Audio Data Transport StreamFirefox2
{{anch("FLAC")}}Free Lossless Audio CodecChrome 56, Edge 16, Firefox 51, Safari 11
{{anch("MPEG", "MPEG / MPEG-2")}}Moving Picture Experts Group (1 and 2)
{{anch("MP4", "MPEG-4 (MP4)")}}Moving Picture Experts Group 4Chrome 3, Edge 12, Firefox, Internet Explorer 9, Opera 24, Safari 3.1
{{anch("Ogg")}}OggChrome 3, Firefox 3.5, Edge 173 (desktop only), Internet Explorer 9, Opera 10.50
{{anch("QuickTime", "QuickTime (MOV)")}}Apple QuickTime movieOnly older versions of Safari, plus other browsers that supported Apple's QuickTime plugin
{{anch("WebM")}}Web MediaChrome 6, Edge 173 (desktop only), Firefox 4, Opera 10.6, Safari (WebRTC only)
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[1] Unless otherwise specified, both mobile and desktop browser compatibility is implied if a browser is listed here. Support is also implied only for the container itself, not for any specific codecs.

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[2] Available only if available on the underlying operating system's media framework.

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[3] Requires Web Media Extensions to be installed.

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3GP

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The 3GP or 3GPP media container is used to encapsulate audio and/or video that is specifically intended for transmission over cellular networks for consumption on mobile devices. The format was designed for use on 3G mobile phones, but can still be used on more modern phones and networks. However, the improved bandwidth availability and increased data caps on most networks has reduced the need for the 3GP format. However, this format is still used for slower networks and for lower-performance phones.

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This media container format is derived from the ISO Base Media File Format and MPEG-4, but is specifically streamlined for lower bandwidth scenarios.

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Base 3GP media MIME types
AudioVideo
audio/3gppvideo/3gpp
audio/3gpp2video/3gpp2
audio/3gp2video/3gp2
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These MIME types are the fundamental types for the 3GP media container; other types may be used depending on the specific codec or codecs in use; in addition, you can add the codecs parameter to the MIME type string to indicate which codecs are used for the audio and/or video tracks, and to optionally provide details about the profile, level, and/or other codec configuration specifics.

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Video codecs supported by 3GP
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
AVC (H.264)Yes1,2
H.263Yes1
MPEG-4 Part 2 (MP4v-es)Yes1
VP8Yes1
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[1] Firefox only supports 3GP on OpenMAX-based devices, which currently means the Boot to Gecko (B2G) platform.

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[2] Firefox support for H.264 relies upon the operating system's media infrastructure, so it is available as long as the OS supports it.

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Audio codecs supported by 3GP
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
AMR-NBYes1
AMR-WBYes1
AMR-WB+Yes1
AAC-LCYes1,2
HE-AAC v1Yes1,2
HE-AAC v2Yes1,2
MP3Yes1
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[1] Firefox only supports 3GP on OpenMAX-based devices, which currently means the Boot to Gecko (B2G) platform.

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[2] Firefox support for AAC relies upon the operating system's media infrastructure, so it is available as long as the OS supports it.

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ADTS

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Audio Data Transport Stream (ADTS) is a container format specified by MPEG-4 Part 3 for audio data, intended to be used for streamed audio, such as for Internet radio. It is, essentially, an almost bare stream of AAC audio data, comprised of ADTS frames with a minimal header.

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ADTS media MIME types
Audio
audio/aac[1]
audio/mpeg[1]
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[1] The MIME type used for ADTS depends on what kind of audio frames are contained within. If ADTS frames are used, the audio/aac MIME type should be used. If the audio frames are in MPEG-1/MPEG-2 Audio Layer I, II, or III format, the MIME type should be audio/mpeg.

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Audio codecs supported by ADTS
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
AACYes1
MP3Yes
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[1] Firefox support for AAC relies upon the operating system's media infrastructure, so it is available as long as the OS supports it.

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FLAC

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The Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC) is a lossless audio codec; there is also an associated simple container format, also called FLAC, that can contain this audio. The format is not encumbered by any patents, so its use is safe from interference. FLAC files can only contain FLAC audio data.

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FLAC media MIME type
Audio
audio/flac
audio/x-flac (non-standard)
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Audio codecs supported by FLAC
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
FLACYes
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MPEG/MPEG-2

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The {{interwiki("wikipedia", "MPEG-1")}} and {{interwiki("wikipedia", "MPEG-2")}} file formats are essentially identical. Created by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), these formats are widely used in physical media, including as the format of the video on DVD media.

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On the internet, perhaps the most common use of the MPEG file format is to contain {{interwiki("wikipedia", "MPEG-1", "Layer_III/MP3", "MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3")}} sound data; the resulting files are the wildly popular MP3 file used by digital music devices around the world. Otherwise, MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 are not widely used in Web content.

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The main differences between MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 take place in the media data formats rather than the container format. MPEG-1 was introduced in 1992; MPEG-2 was introduced in 1996.

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MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 media MIME types
AudioVideo
audio/mpegvideo/mpeg
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Video codecs supported by MPEG-1 and MPEG-2
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
MPEG-1 Part 2No
MPEG-2 Part 2No
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Audio codecs supported by MPEG-1 and MPEG-2
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
MPEG-1 Audio Layer INo
MPEG-1 Audio Layer IINo
MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3)Yes
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MPEG-4 (MP4)

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{{interwiki("wikipedia", "MPEG-4")}} (MP4) is the latest version of the MPEG file format. There are two versions of the format, defined in parts 1 and 14 of the specification. MP4 is a popular container today, as it supports several of the most-used codecs and is broadly supported.

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The original MPEG-4 Part 1 file format was introduced in 1999; the version 2 format, defined in Part 14, was added in 2003. The MP4 file format is derived from the {{interwiki("wikipedia", "ISO base media file format")}}, which is directly derived from the {{interwiki("wikipedia", "QuickTime file format")}} developed by Apple.

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When specifying the MPEG-4 media type (audio/mp4 or video/mp4), you can add the codecs parameter to the MIME type string to indicate which codecs are used for the audio and/or video tracks, and to optionally provide details about the profile, level, and/or other codec configuration specifics.

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Base MPEG-4 media MIME types
AudioVideo
audio/mp4video/mp4
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These MIME types are the fundamental types for the MPEG-4 media container; other MIME types may be used depending on the specific codec or codecs in use within the container. In addition, you can add the codecs parameter to the MIME type string to indicate which codecs are used for the audio and/or video tracks, and to optionally provide details about the profile, level, and/or other codec configuration specifics.

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Video codecs supported by MPEG-4
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
AVC (H.264)Yes1
AV1Yes1
H.263No
MPEG-4 Part 2 VisualNo
VP9Yes
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[1] Firefox support for H.264 relies upon the operating system's media infrastructure, so it is available as long as the OS supports it.

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[2] Firefox support for AV1 is currently disabled by default; it can be enabled by setting the preference media.av1.enabled to true.

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Audio codecs supported by MPEG-4
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
AACYes1
FLACYes
MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3)Yes
OpusYes
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[1] Firefox support for H.264 relies upon the operating system's media infrastructure, so it is available as long as the OS supports it.

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Ogg

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The {{interwiki("wikipedia", "Ogg")}} container format is a free and open format maintained by the Xiph.org Foundation. The Ogg framework also defines patent unencumbered media data formats, such as the Theora video codec and the Vorbis and Opus audio codecs. Xiph.org documents about the Ogg format are available on their web site.

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While Ogg has been around for a long time, it has never gained the wide support needed to make it a good first choice for a media container. You are typically better off using WebM, though there are times when Ogg is useful to offer, such as when you wish to support older versions of Firefox and Chrome which don't yet support WebM. For example, Firefox 3.5 and 3.6 support Ogg, but not WebM.

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You can get more information about Ogg and its codecs in the Theora Cookbook.

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Base Ogg media MIME types
AudioVideo
audio/oggvideo/ogg
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The application/ogg MIME type can be used when you don't necessarily know whether the media contains audio or video. If at all possible, you should use one of the specific types, but fall back to application/ogg if you don't know the content format or formats.

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You can also add the codecs parameter to the MIME type string to indicate which codecs are used for the audio and/or video tracks, and to optionally further describe the track media formats.

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Video codecs supported by Ogg
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
TheoraYes
VP8Yes
VP9Yes
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Audio codecs supported by Ogg
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
FLACYes
OpusYes
VorbisYes
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QuickTime

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The QuickTime file format (QTFF, QT, or MOV) was created by Apple for use by its media framework of the same name. The extension for these files, .mov, comes from the fact that the format was initially used for movies and was usually called the "QuickTime movie" format. While QTFF served as the basis for the MPEG-4 file format, there are differences and the two are not quite interchangeable.

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QuickTime files support any sort of time-based data, including audio and video media, text tracks, and so forth. QuickTime files are primarily supported by macOS, but for a number of years, QuickTime for Windows was available to access them on Windows. However, QuickTime for Windows is no longer supported by Apple as of early 2016, and should not be used, as there are known security concerns. However, Windows Media Player now has integrated support for  QuickTime version 2.0 and earlier files; support for later versions of QuickTime requires third-party additions.

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On Mac OS, the QuickTime framework not only supported QuickTime format movie files and codecs, but supported a vast array of popular and specialty audio and video codecs, as well as still image formats. Through QuickTime, Mac applications (including web browsers, through the QuickTime plugin or direct QuickTime integration) were able to read and write audio formats including AAC, AIFF, MP3, PCM, and Qualcomm PureVoice; and video formats including AVI, DV, Pixlet, ProRes, FLAC, Cinepak, 3GP, H.261 through H.265, MJPEG, MPEG-1 and MPEG-4 Part 2, Sorenson, and many more.

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In addition, a number of third-party components are available for QuickTime, some of which add support for additional codecs.

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Because QuickTime support is, for all intents and purposes, primarily available on Apple devices, it is no longer widely used on the internet. Apple itself generally now uses MP4 for video. In addition, the QuickTime framework has been deprecated on the Mac for some time, and is no longer available at all starting in macOS 10.15 Catalina.

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Base QuickTime media MIME type
Video
video/quicktime
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The video/quicktime MIME type is the fundamental type for the QuickTime media container. It's worth noting that QuickTime (the media framework on Mac operating systems) supports a wide variety of containers and codecs, so it actually supports many other MIME types.

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You can add the codecs parameter to the MIME type string to indicate which codecs are used for the audio and/or video tracks, and to optionally provide details about the profile, level, and/or other codec configuration specifics.

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Video codecs supported by QuickTime
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
AVC (H.264)No
CinepakNo
Component VideoNo
DVNo
H.261No
H.263No
MPEG-2No
MPEG-4 Part 2 VisualNo
Motion JPEGNo
Sorenson Video 2No
Sorenson Video 3No
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Audio codecs supported by QuickTime
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
AACNo
ALaw 2:1No
Apple Lossless (ALAC)No
HE-AACNo
MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3)No
Microsoft ADPCMNo
µ-Law 2:1 (u-Law)No
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WAVE (WAV)

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The Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE), usually referred to simply as WAV due to its filename extension being .wav, is a format developed by Microsoft and IBM to store audio bitstream data.

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It is derived from the Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF), and as such is similar to other formats such as Apple's AIFF. The WAV codec registry can be found at {{RFC(2361)}}; however, because nearly all WAV files use linear PCM, support for the other codecs is sparse.

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The WAVE format was first released in 1991.

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WAVE media MIME types
Audio
audio/wave1
audio/wav
audio/x-wav
audio/x-pn-wav
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[1] The audio/wave MIME type is the standard type, and is preferred; however, the others have been used by various products over the years and may be used as well in some environments. 

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Audio codecs supported by WAVE
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation)No
GSM 06.10No
LPCM (Linear Pulse Code Modulation)Yes
MPEG-1 Audio Layer III (MP3)No
µ-Law (u-Law)No
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WebM

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{{interwiki("wikipedia", "WebM")}} (Web Media) is a format based on {{interwiki("wikipedia", "Matroska")}} which is designed specifically for use in modern web environments. It's based entirely on free and open technologies and primarily uses codecs that are in turn free and open, although some products support other codecs in WebM containers as well.

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WebM was first introduced in 2010 and is now widely supported. Compliant implementations of WebM are required to support the VP8 and VP8 video codecs and the Theora and Opus audio codecs. The WebM container format and its required codecs are all available under open licenses. Any other codecs may require a license to use.

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WebM media MIME types
AudioVideo
audio/webmvideo/webm
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Video codecs supported by WebM
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
AV1YesYesYes1Yes
VP8YesYesYesYes
VP9YesYesYesYes
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[1] Firefox support for AV1 was added to macOS in Firefox 66; for Windows in Firefox 67; and Firefox 68 on Linux. Firefox for Android does not yet support AV1; the implementation in Firefox is designed to use a secure process, which is not supported yet in Android.

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Audio codecs supported by WebM
CodecBrowser support
ChromeEdgeFirefoxSafari
OpusYesYesYesYes
VorbisYesYesYesYes
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Choosing the right container

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There are a few factors to consider when selecting the best container or containers to use for your media. The relative importance of each will depend on your needs, your license requirements, and the compatibility requirements of your target audience.

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Guidelines

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The best choice also depends on what you'll be doing with the media. Playing back media is a different thing than recording and/or editing it. If you're going to be manipulating the media data, using an uncompressed format can improve performance, while using a lossless compressed format at least prevent the accumulation of noise as compression artifacts are multiplied with each re-compression that occurs.

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Unfortunately, neither of the relatively major lossless compression formats (FLAC and ALAC) are universally supported. FLAC is the more broadly supported of the two, but is not supported by macOS without additional software installed, and is not supported at all on iOS. If you need to offer lossless audio, you may need to provide both FLAC and ALAC to get close to universal compatibility.

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Container selection advice

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The tables below offer suggested containers to use in various scenarios. These are just suggestions. Be sure to consider the needs of your application and your organization before selecting a container format.

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Audio-only files

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If you need...Consider using this container format
Compressed files for general-purpose playbackMP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer III)
Losslessly compressed filesFLAC with ALAC fallback
Uncompressed filesWAV
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Now that MP3's patents have all expired, the choice of audio file format has become much easier to make. It's no longer necessary to choose between MP3's broad compatibility and the need to pay royalties when using it.

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Video files

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If you need...Consider using this container format
General purpose video, preferably in an open formatWebM (ideally with MP4 fallback)
General purpose videoMP4 (ideally with WebM or Ogg fallback)
High compression optimized for slow connections3GP (ideally with MP4 fallback)
Compatibility with older devices/browsersQuickTime (ideally with AVI and/or MPEG-2 fallback)
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These suggestions make a number of assumptions. You should carefully consider the options before making a final decision, especially if you have a lot of media that will need to be encoded.

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Maximizing compatibility with multiple containers

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To optimize compatibility, it's worth considering providing more than one version of media files, using the {{HTMLElement("source")}} element to specify each source within the {{HTMLElement("audio")}} or {{HTMLElement("video")}} element. For example, you can offer an Ogg or WebM video as the first choice, with a fallback in MP4 format. You could even choose to offer a retro-like QuickTime or AVI fallback for good measure.

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To do this, you create a <video> (or <audio>) element with no {{htmlattrxref("src", "video")}} attribute. Then add child {{HTMLElement("source")}} elements within the <video> element, one for each version of the video you offer. This can be used to offer various versions of a video that can be selected depending on bandwidth availability, but in our case, we'll use it to offer format options.

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In the example shown here, a video is offered to the browser in two formats: WebM and MP4.

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{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/tabbed/source.html", "tabbed-standard")}}
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The video is offered first in WebM format (with the {{htmlattrxref("type", "video")}} attribute set to video/webm). If the {{Glossary("user agent")}} can't play that, it moves on to the next option, whose type is specified as video/mp4. If neither of those can be played, the text "This browser does not support the HTML5 video element." is presented.

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Specifications

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SpecificationComment
ETSI 3GPPDefines the 3GP container format
ISO/IEC 14496-3 (MPEG-4 Part 3 Audio)Defines MP4 audio including ADTS
FLAC FormatThe FLAC format specification
ISO/IEC 11172-1 (MPEG-1 Part 1 Systems)Defines the MPEG-1 container format
ISO/IEC 13818-1 (MPEG-2 Part 1 Systems)Defines the MPEG-2 container format
ISO/IEC 14496-14 (MPEG-4 Part 14: MP4 file format)Defines the MPEG-4 (MP4) version 2 container format
ISO/IEC 14496-1 (MPEG-4 Part 1 Systems)Defines the original MPEG-4 (MP4) container format
{{RFC(3533)}}Defines the Ogg container format
{{RFC(5334)}}Defines the Ogg media types and file extensions
QuickTime File Format SpecificationDefines the QuickTime movie (MOV) format
Multimedia Programming Interface and Data Specifications 1.0The closest thing to an official WAVE specification
Resource Interchange File Format (used by WAV)Defines the RIFF format; WAVE files are a form of RIFF
WebM Container GuidelinesGuide for adapting Matroska for WebM
Matroska SpecificationsThe specification for the Matroska container format upon which WebM is based
WebM Byte Stream FormatWebM byte stream format for use with Media Source Extensions
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Browser compatibility

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Container format nameAudioVideo
MIME typeExtension(s)Browser supportMIME typeExtension(s)Browser support
3GPaudio/3gpp.3gpFirefoxvideo/3gpp.3gpFirefox
ADTS (Audio Data Transport Stream)audio/aac.aacFirefox
FLACaudio/flac.flacFirefox
MPEG-1 / MPEG-2 (MPG or MPEG)audio/mpeg.mpg
- .mpeg
Firefoxvideo/mpeg.mpg
- .mpeg
Firefox
audio/mp3.mp3Firefox
MPEG-4 (MP4)audio/mp4.mp4
- .m4a
Firefoxvideo/mp4.mp4
- .m4v
- .m4p
Firefox
Oggaudio/ogg.oga
- .ogg
Firefoxvideo/ogg.ogv
- .ogg
Firefox
QuickTime Movie (MOV)video/quicktime.movSafari
WAV (Waveform Audiofile)audio/wav.wavFirefox
WebMaudio/webm.webmFirefoxvideo/webm.webmFirefox
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 See also

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