From 39f2114f9797eb51994966c6bb8ff1814c9a4da8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Florian Merz Date: Thu, 11 Feb 2021 12:36:08 +0100 Subject: unslug fr: move --- .../handling_different_text_directions/index.html | 155 +++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 155 insertions(+) create mode 100644 files/fr/learn/css/building_blocks/handling_different_text_directions/index.html (limited to 'files/fr/learn/css/building_blocks/handling_different_text_directions') diff --git a/files/fr/learn/css/building_blocks/handling_different_text_directions/index.html b/files/fr/learn/css/building_blocks/handling_different_text_directions/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..7469a614ce --- /dev/null +++ b/files/fr/learn/css/building_blocks/handling_different_text_directions/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,155 @@ +--- +title: Handling different text directions +slug: Apprendre/CSS/Building_blocks/Handling_different_text_directions +translation_of: Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Handling_different_text_directions +--- +
{{LearnSidebar}}{{PreviousMenuNext("Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Backgrounds_and_borders", "Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Overflowing_content", "Learn/CSS/Building_blocks")}}
+ +

Beaucoup des propriétés et des valeurs que nous avons rencontrées jusqu'ici dans notre apprentissage du CSS ont été associées aux dimensions physiques de notre écran. Nous créons des bordues en haut, à droite, en bas et à gauche d'une box, par exemple. Ces dimensions physiques s'accordent très bien au contenu qui est visionné horizontalement, et par défaut le web à tendance à mieux supporter les langues qui se lisent de gauche à droite (par exemple l'anglais ou le Français) que celles qui se lisent de droite à gauche (comme l'Arabe).

+ +

Ces dernières années cependant, le CSS a évolué pour supporter du contenu orienté dans différentes directions, comme la droite vers la gauche, mais également le haut vers le bas (comme le Japonais) — Ces différentes directionnalités sont appelées writing modes (modes d'écriture en français). En progressant dans votre apprentissage et en travaillant sur l'agencement, une compréhension des modes d'écriture vous sera très utile, donc nous allons vous les présenter maintenant.

+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
Prerequisites:Basic computer literacy, basic software installed, basic knowledge of working with files, HTML basics (study Introduction to HTML), and an idea of how CSS works (study CSS first steps.)
Objective:To understand the importance of writing modes to modern CSS.
+ +

Que sont les modes d'écritures?

+ +

Un mode d'écriture en CSS fait référence au sens d'écriture du texte, soit horizontalement, soit verticalement. La propriété {{cssxref("writing-mode")}} nous permet de passer d'un mode d'écriture à un autre. Vous n'avez pas besoin de travailler dans une langue qui utilise un mode d'écriture vertical pour vouloir l'utiliser — vous pourriez aussi changer le mode d'écriture de certaines parties de votre agencement dans un but créatif.

+ +

Dans l'exemple ci-dessous nous avons un titre affiché qui utilise writing-mode: vertical-rl. Le texte est maintenant affiché verticalement. Les textes verticaux sont communs dans le design graphique, et peuvent être un moyen pour ajouter un look plus intéressant à votre design web.

+ +

{{EmbedGHLiveSample("css-examples/learn/writing-modes/simple-vertical.html", '100%', 800)}}

+ +

Les trois valeurs possibles pour la propriété writing-mode sont:

+ + + +

So the writing-mode property is in reality setting the direction in which block-level elements are displayed on the page — either from top-to-bottom, right-to-left, or left-to-right. This then dictates the direction text flows in sentences.

+ +

Writing modes and block and inline layout

+ +

We have already discussed block and inline layout, and the fact that some things display as block elements and others as inline elements. As we have seen described above, block and inline is tied to the writing mode of the document, and not the physical screen. Blocks are only displayed from the top to the bottom of the page if you are using a writing mode that displays text horizontally, such as English.

+ +

If we look at an example this will become clearer. In this next example I have two boxes that contain a heading and a paragraph. The first uses writing-mode: horizontal-tb, a writing mode that is written horizontally and from the top of the page to the bottom. The second uses writing-mode: vertical-rl; this is a writing mode that is written vertically and from right to left.

+ +

{{EmbedGHLiveSample("css-examples/learn/writing-modes/block-inline.html", '100%', 1200)}}

+ +

When we switch the writing mode, we are changing which direction is block and which is inline. In a horizontal-tb writing mode the block direction runs from top to bottom; in a vertical-rl writing mode the block direction runs right-to-left horizontally. So the block dimension is always the direction blocks are displayed on the page in the writing mode in use. The inline dimension is always the direction a sentence flows.

+ +

This figure shows the two dimensions when in a horizontal writing mode.Showing the block and inline axis for a horizontal writing mode.

+ +

This figure shows the two dimensions in a vertical writing mode.

+ +

Showing the block and inline axis for a vertical writing mode.

+ +

Once you start to look at CSS layout, and in particular the newer layout methods, this idea of block and inline becomes very important. We will revisit it later on.

+ +

Direction

+ +

In addition to writing mode we also have text direction. As mentioned above, some languages such as Arabic are written horizontally, but right-to-left. This is not something you are likely to use in a creative sense — if you simply want to line something up on the right there are other ways to do so — however it is important to understand this as part of the nature of CSS. The web is not just for languages that are displayed left-to-right!

+ +

Due to the fact that writing mode and direction of text can change, newer CSS layout methods do not refer to left and right, and top and bottom. Instead they will talk about start and end along with this idea of inline and block. Don't worry too much about that right now, but keep these ideas in mind as you start to look at layout; you will find it really helpful in your understanding of CSS.

+ +

Logical properties and values

+ +

The reason to talk about writing modes and direction at this point in your learning however, is because of the fact we have already looked at a lot of properties which are tied to the physical dimensions of the screen, and make most sense when in a horizontal writing mode.

+ +

Let's take a look at our two boxes again — one with a horizontal-tb writing mode and one with vertical-rl. I have given both of these boxes a {{cssxref("width")}}. You can see that when the box is in the vertical writing mode, it still has a width, and this is causing the text to overflow.

+ +

{{EmbedGHLiveSample("css-examples/learn/writing-modes/width.html", '100%', 1200)}}

+ +

What we really want in this scenario, is to essentially swap height and width along with the writing mode. When we're in a vertical writing mode we want the box to expand in the block dimension just like it does in the horizontal mode.

+ +

To make this easier, CSS has recently developed a set of mapped properties. These essentially replace physical properties — things like width and height — with logical, or flow relative versions.

+ +

The property mapped to width when in a horizontal writing mode is called {{cssxref("inline-size")}} — it refers to the size in the inline dimension. The property for height is named {{cssxref("block-size")}} and is the size in the block dimension. You can see how this works in the example below where we have replaced width with inline-size.

+ +

{{EmbedGHLiveSample("css-examples/learn/writing-modes/inline-size.html", '100%', 1200)}}

+ +

Logical margin, border, and padding properties

+ +

In the last two lessons we have learned about the CSS box model, and CSS borders. In the margin, border, and padding properties you will find many instances of physical properties, for example {{cssxref("margin-top")}}, {{cssxref("padding-left")}}, and {{cssxref("border-bottom")}}. In the same way that we have mappings for width and height there are mappings for these properties.

+ +

The margin-top property is mapped to {{cssxref("margin-block-start")}} — this will always refer to the margin at the start of the block dimension.

+ +

The {{cssxref("padding-left")}} property maps to {{cssxref("padding-inline-start")}}, the padding that is applied to the start of the inline direction. This will be where sentences start in that writing mode. The {{cssxref("border-bottom")}} property maps to {{cssxref("border-block-end")}}, which is the border at the end of the block dimension.

+ +

You can see a comparison between physical and logical properties below.

+ +

If you change the writing mode of the boxes by switching the writing-mode property on .box to vertical-rl, you will see how the physical properties stay tied to their physical direction, whereas the logical properties switch with the writing mode.

+ +

You can also see that the {{htmlelement("h2")}} has a black border-bottom. Can you work out how to make that bottom border always go below the text in both writing modes?

+ +

{{EmbedGHLiveSample("css-examples/learn/writing-modes/logical-mbp.html", '100%', 1200)}}

+ +

There are a huge number of properties when you consider all of the individual border longhands, and you can see all of the mapped properties on the MDN page for Logical Properties and Values.

+ +

Logical values

+ +

We have so far looked at logical property names. There are also some properties that take physical values of top, right, bottom, and left. These values also have mappings, to logical values — block-start, inline-end, block-end, and inline-start.

+ +

For example, you can float an image left to cause text to wrap round the image. You could replace left with inline-start as shown in the example below.

+ +

Change the writing mode on this example to vertical-rl to see what happens to the image. Change inline-start to inline-end to change the float.

+ +

{{EmbedGHLiveSample("css-examples/learn/writing-modes/float.html", '100%', 1200)}}

+ +

Here we are also using logical margin values to ensure the margin is in the correct place no matter what the writing mode is.

+ +
+

Currently, only Firefox supports flow relative values  for float. If you are using Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge, you may find that the image did not float.

+
+ +

Should you use physical or logical properties?

+ +

The logical properties and values are newer than their physical equivalents, and therefore have only recently been implemented in browsers. You can check any property page on MDN to see how far back the browser support goes. If you are not using multiple writing modes then for now you might prefer to use the physical versions. However, ultimately we expect that people will transition to the logical versions for most things, as they make a lot of sense once you start also dealing with layout methods such as flexbox and grid.

+ +

Test your skills!

+ +

We have covered a lot in this article, but can you remember the most important information? You can find some further tests to verify that you've retained this information before you move on — see Test your skills: writing modes.

+ +

Summary

+ +

The concepts explained in this lesson are becoming increasingly important in CSS. An understanding of the block and inline direction — and how text flow changes with a change in writing mode — will be very useful going forward. It will help you in understanding CSS even if you never use a writing mode other than a horizontal one.

+ +

In the next module we will take a good look at overflow in CSS.

+ +

{{PreviousMenuNext("Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Backgrounds_and_borders", "Learn/CSS/Building_blocks/Overflowing_content", "Learn/CSS/Building_blocks")}}

+ +

In this module

+ +
    +
  1. Cascade and inheritance
  2. +
  3. CSS selectors + +
  4. +
  5. The box model
  6. +
  7. Backgrounds and borders
  8. +
  9. Handling different text directions
  10. +
  11. Overflowing content
  12. +
  13. Values and units
  14. +
  15. Sizing items in CSS
  16. +
  17. Images, media, and form elements
  18. +
  19. Styling tables
  20. +
  21. Debugging CSS
  22. +
  23. Organizing your CSS
  24. +
-- cgit v1.2.3-54-g00ecf