From 1109132f09d75da9a28b649c7677bb6ce07c40c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Peter Bengtsson Date: Tue, 8 Dec 2020 14:41:45 -0500 Subject: initial commit --- .../reference/global_objects/array/index.html | 538 +++++++++++++++++++++ .../reference/global_objects/array/keys/index.html | 77 +++ .../reference/global_objects/array/of/index.html | 94 ++++ .../reference/global_objects/array/sort/index.html | 294 +++++++++++ 4 files changed, 1003 insertions(+) create mode 100644 files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/index.html create mode 100644 files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/keys/index.html create mode 100644 files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/of/index.html create mode 100644 files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/sort/index.html (limited to 'files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array') diff --git a/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/index.html b/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2feb1828f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,538 @@ +--- +title: Array +slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array +tags: + - Array + - Example + - Global Objects + - JavaScript + - NeedsTranslation + - Reference + - TopicStub +translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array +--- +
{{JSRef}}
+ +

Tömbök, amelyek magas-szintű lista jellegű objektumok, létrehozásához használatos a JavaScript Array objektum.

+ +

Leírás

+ +

A tömbök listaszerű objektumok amelyek prototípusa olyan metódusokat tartalmaz  amelyekkel bejárhatóak és mutálhatóak. A JavaScipt tömbnek sem a hossza, sem az elemeinek típusa sem fix. A tömbön belül az adatok nem folytonos módon tárolhatóak, így mivel a tömb hossza bármikor megváltozhat a Javascript tömbök sürűsége nem garantált, ez a programozó által választott felhasználási módtól függ. Általánosságban ezek kényelmes tulajdonságok de ha ezek a jellemzők nem kívánatosak az ön számára érdemes lehet inkább típusos tömböket használni. A tömbök nem használhatnak stringeket elem indexként (mint egy asszociatív tömbben) csak kötelezően integereket. Ha a zárójel jelölés (vagy pont jelölés) segítségével nem-integert állítunk be vagy férünk hozzá akkor nem a tömb elemét fogjuk megkapni hanem a tömb objektum tulajdonság kollekciójának változóját. A tömb elemeinek listája és a tömb objektum tulajdonságai különböznek és a tömb bejáró és mutáló operátorait nem használhatjuk ezekhez az elnevezett tulajdonságokhoz.

+ +

Gyakori műveletek

+ +

Array létrehozása

+ +
var fruits = ["Apple", "Banana"];
+
+console.log(fruits.length);
+// 2
+
+ +

Egy Array elem elérése (indexelése)

+ +
var first = fruits[0];
+// Apple
+
+var last = fruits[fruits.length - 1];
+// Banana
+
+ +

Array bejárása

+ +
fruits.forEach(function (item, index, array) {
+  console.log(item, index);
+});
+// Apple 0
+// Banana 1
+
+ +

Hozzáadás egy Array végéhez

+ +
var newLength = fruits.push("Orange");
+// ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange"]
+
+ +

Array végéről elem eltávolítása

+ +
var last = fruits.pop(); // Orange eltávolítása (a végéről)
+// ["Apple", "Banana"];
+
+ +

Array elejéről elem eltávolítása

+ +
var first = fruits.shift(); // eltávolítja az Apple elemet az elejéről
+// ["Banana"];
+
+ +

Array elejéhez hozzáadás

+ +
var newLength = fruits.unshift("Strawberry") // hozzáadás az elejéhez
+// ["Strawberry", "Banana"];
+
+ +

Array elem indexének megkeresése

+ +
fruits.push("Mango");
+// ["Strawberry", "Banana", "Mango"]
+
+var pos = fruits.indexOf("Banana");
+// 1
+
+ +

Index pozició alapján elem eltávolítása

+ +
var removedItem = fruits.splice(pos, 1); // így távolítunk el egy elemet
+
+// ["Strawberry", "Mango"]
+ +

Index pozició alapján elemek eltávolítása

+ +
let vegetables = ['Cabbage', 'Turnip', 'Radish', 'Carrot']
+console.log(vegetables)
+// ["Cabbage", "Turnip", "Radish", "Carrot"]
+
+let pos = 1
+let n = 2
+
+let removedItems = vegetables.splice(pos, n)
+// this is how to remove items, n defines the number of items to be removed,
+// from that position(pos) onward to the end of array.
+
+console.log(vegetables)
+// ["Cabbage", "Carrot"] (the original array is changed)
+
+console.log(removedItems)
+// ["Turnip", "Radish"]
+ +

Array másolása

+ +
var shallowCopy = fruits.slice(); // this is how to make a copy
+// ["Strawberry"]
+
+ +

Syntax

+ +
[element0, element1, ..., elementN]
+new Array(element0, element1[, ...[, elementN]])
+new Array(arrayLength)
+ +

Parameters

+ +
+
elementN
+
A JavaScript array is initialized with the given elements, except in the case where a single argument is passed to the Array constructor and that argument is a number (see the arrayLength parameter below). Note that this special case only applies to JavaScript arrays created with the Array constructor, not array literals created with the bracket syntax.
+
arrayLength
+
If the only argument passed to the Array constructor is an integer between 0 and 232-1 (inclusive), this returns a new JavaScript array with length set to that number. If the argument is any other number, a {{jsxref("RangeError")}} exception is thrown.
+
+ +

Description

+ +

Arrays are list-like objects whose prototype has methods to perform traversal and mutation operations. Neither the length of a JavaScript array nor the types of its elements are fixed. Since an array's length can change at any time, and data can be stored at non-contiguous locations in the array, JavaScript arrays are not guaranteed to be dense; this depends on how the programmer chooses to use them. In general, these are convenient characteristics; but if these features are not desirable for your particular use, you might consider using typed arrays.

+ +

Some people think that you shouldn't use an array as an associative array. In any case, you can use plain {{jsxref("Global_Objects/Object", "objects")}} instead, although doing so comes with its own caveats. See the post Lightweight JavaScript dictionaries with arbitrary keys as an example.

+ +

Accessing array elements

+ +

JavaScript arrays are zero-indexed: the first element of an array is at index 0, and the last element is at the index equal to the value of the array's {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property minus 1.

+ +
var arr = ['this is the first element', 'this is the second element'];
+console.log(arr[0]);              // logs 'this is the first element'
+console.log(arr[1]);              // logs 'this is the second element'
+console.log(arr[arr.length - 1]); // logs 'this is the second element'
+
+ +

Array elements are object properties in the same way that toString is a property, but trying to access an element of an array as follows throws a syntax error, because the property name is not valid:

+ +
console.log(arr.0); // a syntax error
+
+ +

There is nothing special about JavaScript arrays and the properties that cause this. JavaScript properties that begin with a digit cannot be referenced with dot notation; and must be accessed using bracket notation. For example, if you had an object with a property named '3d', it can only be referenced using bracket notation. E.g.:

+ +
var years = [1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010];
+console.log(years.0);   // a syntax error
+console.log(years[0]);  // works properly
+
+ +
renderer.3d.setTexture(model, 'character.png');     // a syntax error
+renderer['3d'].setTexture(model, 'character.png');  // works properly
+
+ +

Note that in the 3d example, '3d' had to be quoted. It's possible to quote the JavaScript array indexes as well (e.g., years['2'] instead of years[2]), although it's not necessary. The 2 in years[2] is coerced into a string by the JavaScript engine through an implicit toString conversion. It is for this reason that '2' and '02' would refer to two different slots on the years object and the following example could be true:

+ +
console.log(years['2'] != years['02']);
+
+ +

Similarly, object properties which happen to be reserved words(!) can only be accessed as string literals in bracket notation(but it can be accessed by dot notation in firefox 40.0a2 at least):

+ +
var promise = {
+  'var'  : 'text',
+  'array': [1, 2, 3, 4]
+};
+
+console.log(promise['array']);
+
+ +

Relationship between length and numerical properties

+ +

A JavaScript array's {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property and numerical properties are connected. Several of the built-in array methods (e.g., {{jsxref("Array.join", "join")}}, {{jsxref("Array.slice", "slice")}}, {{jsxref("Array.indexOf", "indexOf")}}, etc.) take into account the value of an array's {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property when they're called. Other methods (e.g., {{jsxref("Array.push", "push")}}, {{jsxref("Array.splice", "splice")}}, etc.) also result in updates to an array's {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property.

+ +
var fruits = [];
+fruits.push('banana', 'apple', 'peach');
+
+console.log(fruits.length); // 3
+
+ +

When setting a property on a JavaScript array when the property is a valid array index and that index is outside the current bounds of the array, the engine will update the array's {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property accordingly:

+ +
fruits[5] = 'mango';
+console.log(fruits[5]); // 'mango'
+console.log(Object.keys(fruits));  // ['0', '1', '2', '5']
+console.log(fruits.length); // 6
+
+ +

Increasing the {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}}.

+ +
fruits.length = 10;
+console.log(Object.keys(fruits)); // ['0', '1', '2', '5']
+console.log(fruits.length); // 10
+
+ +

Decreasing the {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property does, however, delete elements.

+ +
fruits.length = 2;
+console.log(Object.keys(fruits)); // ['0', '1']
+console.log(fruits.length); // 2
+
+ +

This is explained further on the {{jsxref("Array.length")}} page.

+ +

Creating an array using the result of a match

+ +

The result of a match between a regular expression and a string can create a JavaScript array. This array has properties and elements which provide information about the match. Such an array is returned by {{jsxref("RegExp.exec")}}, {{jsxref("String.match")}}, and {{jsxref("String.replace")}}. To help explain these properties and elements, look at the following example and then refer to the table below:

+ +
// Match one d followed by one or more b's followed by one d
+// Remember matched b's and the following d
+// Ignore case
+
+var myRe = /d(b+)(d)/i;
+var myArray = myRe.exec('cdbBdbsbz');
+
+ +

The properties and elements returned from this match are as follows:

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Property/ElementDescriptionExample
inputA read-only property that reflects the original string against which the regular expression was matched.cdbBdbsbz
indexA read-only property that is the zero-based index of the match in the string.1
[0]A read-only element that specifies the last matched characters.dbBd
[1], ...[n]Read-only elements that specify the parenthesized substring matches, if included in the regular expression. The number of possible parenthesized substrings is unlimited.[1]: bB
+ [2]: d
+ +

Properties

+ +
+
Array.length
+
The Array constructor's length property whose value is 1.
+
{{jsxref("Array.@@species", "get Array[@@species]")}}
+
The constructor function that is used to create derived objects.
+
{{jsxref("Array.prototype")}}
+
Allows the addition of properties to all array objects.
+
+ +

Methods

+ +
+
{{jsxref("Array.from()")}}
+
Creates a new Array instance from an array-like or iterable object.
+
{{jsxref("Array.isArray()")}}
+
Returns true if a variable is an array, if not false.
+
{{jsxref("Array.of()")}}
+
Creates a new Array instance with a variable number of arguments, regardless of number or type of the arguments.
+
+ +

Array instances

+ +

All Array instances inherit from {{jsxref("Array.prototype")}}. The prototype object of the Array constructor can be modified to affect all Array instances.

+ +

Properties

+ +
{{page('/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/prototype', 'Properties')}}
+ +

Methods

+ +

Mutator methods

+ +
{{page('en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/prototype', 'Mutator_methods')}}
+ +

Accessor methods

+ +
{{page('en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/prototype', 'Accessor_methods')}}
+ +

Iteration methods

+ +
{{page('en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/prototype', 'Iteration_methods')}}
+ +

Array generic methods

+ +
+

Array generics are non-standard, deprecated and will get removed in the near future. Note that you can not rely on them cross-browser. However, there is a shim available on GitHub.

+
+ +

Sometimes you would like to apply array methods to strings or other array-like objects (such as function {{jsxref("Functions/arguments", "arguments", "", 1)}}). By doing this, you treat a string as an array of characters (or otherwise treat a non-array as an array). For example, in order to check that every character in the variable str is a letter, you would write:

+ +
function isLetter(character) {
+  return character >= 'a' && character <= 'z';
+}
+
+if (Array.prototype.every.call(str, isLetter)) {
+  console.log("The string '" + str + "' contains only letters!");
+}
+
+ +

This notation is rather wasteful and JavaScript 1.6 introduced a generic shorthand:

+ +
if (Array.every(str, isLetter)) {
+  console.log("The string '" + str + "' contains only letters!");
+}
+
+ +

{{jsxref("Global_Objects/String", "Generics", "#String_generic_methods", 1)}} are also available on {{jsxref("String")}}.

+ +

These are not part of ECMAScript standards (though the ES2015 {{jsxref("Array.from()")}} can be used to achieve this). The following is a shim to allow its use in all browsers:

+ +
// Assumes Array extras already present (one may use polyfills for these as well)
+(function() {
+  'use strict';
+
+  var i,
+    // We could also build the array of methods with the following, but the
+    //   getOwnPropertyNames() method is non-shimable:
+    // Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Array).filter(function(methodName) {
+    //   return typeof Array[methodName] === 'function'
+    // });
+    methods = [
+      'join', 'reverse', 'sort', 'push', 'pop', 'shift', 'unshift',
+      'splice', 'concat', 'slice', 'indexOf', 'lastIndexOf',
+      'forEach', 'map', 'reduce', 'reduceRight', 'filter',
+      'some', 'every', 'find', 'findIndex', 'entries', 'keys',
+      'values', 'copyWithin', 'includes'
+    ],
+    methodCount = methods.length,
+    assignArrayGeneric = function(methodName) {
+      if (!Array[methodName]) {
+        var method = Array.prototype[methodName];
+        if (typeof method === 'function') {
+          Array[methodName] = function() {
+            return method.call.apply(method, arguments);
+          };
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+  for (i = 0; i < methodCount; i++) {
+    assignArrayGeneric(methods[i]);
+  }
+}());
+
+ +

Examples

+ +

Creating an array

+ +

The following example creates an array, msgArray, with a length of 0, then assigns values to msgArray[0] and msgArray[99], changing the length of the array to 100.

+ +
var msgArray = [];
+msgArray[0] = 'Hello';
+msgArray[99] = 'world';
+
+if (msgArray.length === 100) {
+  console.log('The length is 100.');
+}
+
+ +

Creating a two-dimensional array

+ +

The following creates a chess board as a two dimensional array of strings. The first move is made by copying the 'p' in (6,4) to (4,4). The old position (6,4) is made blank.

+ +
var board = [
+  ['R','N','B','Q','K','B','N','R'],
+  ['P','P','P','P','P','P','P','P'],
+  [' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '],
+  [' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '],
+  [' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '],
+  [' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '],
+  ['p','p','p','p','p','p','p','p'],
+  ['r','n','b','q','k','b','n','r'] ];
+
+console.log(board.join('\n') + '\n\n');
+
+// Move King's Pawn forward 2
+board[4][4] = board[6][4];
+board[6][4] = ' ';
+console.log(board.join('\n'));
+
+ +

Here is the output:

+ +
R,N,B,Q,K,B,N,R
+P,P,P,P,P,P,P,P
+ , , , , , , ,
+ , , , , , , ,
+ , , , , , , ,
+ , , , , , , ,
+p,p,p,p,p,p,p,p
+r,n,b,q,k,b,n,r
+
+R,N,B,Q,K,B,N,R
+P,P,P,P,P,P,P,P
+ , , , , , , ,
+ , , , , , , ,
+ , , , ,p, , ,
+ , , , , , , ,
+p,p,p,p, ,p,p,p
+r,n,b,q,k,b,n,r
+
+ +

Using an array to tabulate a set of values

+ +
values=[];
+for (x=0; x<10; x++){
+ values.push([
+  2**x,
+  2*x**2
+ ])
+};
+console.table(values)
+ +

Results in

+ +
0	1	0
+1	2	2
+2	4	8
+3	8	18
+4	16	32
+5	32	50
+6	64	72
+7	128	98
+8	256	128
+9	512	162
+ +

(First column is the (index))

+ +

Specifications

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SpecificationStatusComment
{{SpecName('ES1')}}{{Spec2('ES1')}}Initial definition.
{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.4', 'Array')}}{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}New methods added: {{jsxref("Array.isArray")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.indexOf", "indexOf")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.lastIndexOf", "lastIndexOf")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.every", "every")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.some", "some")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.forEach", "forEach")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.map", "map")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.filter", "filter")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.reduce", "reduce")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.reduceRight", "reduceRight")}}
{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-array-objects', 'Array')}}{{Spec2('ES6')}}New methods added: {{jsxref("Array.from")}}, {{jsxref("Array.of")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.find", "find")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.findIndex", "findIndex")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.fill", "fill")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.copyWithin", "copyWithin")}}
{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-array-objects', 'Array')}}{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}New method added: {{jsxref("Array.prototype.includes()")}}
+ +

Browser compatibility

+ +
{{CompatibilityTable}}
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FeatureChromeFirefox (Gecko)Internet ExplorerOperaSafari
Basic support{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}
+
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FeatureAndroidChrome for AndroidFirefox Mobile (Gecko)IE MobileOpera MobileSafari Mobile
Basic support{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}
+
+ +

See also

+ + diff --git a/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/keys/index.html b/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/keys/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2f7c0cebef --- /dev/null +++ b/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/keys/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,77 @@ +--- +title: Array.prototype.keys() +slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/keys +tags: + - ECMAScript 2015 + - Iterator + - JavaScript + - Prototype + - kulcs + - metódus + - tömb +translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/keys +--- +
{{JSRef}}
+ +

A keys() metódus egy új Array Iterator objektummal tér vissza, amely a tömb indexeihez tartozó kulcsokat tartalmazza.

+ +
{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/array-keys.html")}}
+ + + +

Szintaxis

+ +
arr.keys()
+ +

Visszatérési érték

+ +

Egy új {{jsxref("Array")}} iterátor objektum.

+ +

Példák

+ +

A kulcs iterátor nem hagyja figyelmen kívül az üres helyeket

+ +
var arr = ['a', , 'c'];
+var sparseKeys = Object.keys(arr);
+var denseKeys = [...arr.keys()];
+console.log(sparseKeys); // ['0', '2']
+console.log(denseKeys);  // [0, 1, 2]
+
+ +

Specifikációk

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SpecifikációStátuszMegjegyzés
{{SpecName('ES2015', '#sec-array.prototype.keys', 'Array.prototype.keys')}}{{Spec2('ES2015')}}Kezdeti definíció.
{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-array.prototype.keys', 'Array.prototype.keys')}}{{Spec2('ESDraft')}} 
+ +

Böngésző kompatibilitás

+ +
+ + +

{{Compat("javascript.builtins.Array.keys")}}

+
+ +

Lásd még

+ + diff --git a/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/of/index.html b/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/of/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..ff3af4288a --- /dev/null +++ b/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/of/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,94 @@ +--- +title: Array.of() +slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/of +tags: + - tömb +translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/of +--- +
{{JSRef}}
+ +

Az Array.of() metódus egy új Array példányt hoz létre változó számú argumentumokból, azok számától és típusától függetlenül.

+ +

Az Array.of() és az Array konstruktor működése között az a különbség, hogy máshogy hasznája az argumentumként megadott egész számokat: az Array.of(7) létrehoz egy új tömböt, melynek az egyetlen eleme a 7, ezzel szemben az Array(7) egy olyan üres tömböt hoz létre, melynek a length property-je: 7 (Megjegyzés: ez valójában egy 7 üres elemű (empty) tömböt jelent, nem olyat, melynek az elemei ténylegesen undefined értékeket tartalmaznának).

+ +
Array.of(7);       // [7]
+Array.of(1, 2, 3); // [1, 2, 3]
+
+Array(7);          // 7 üres elemű tömb: [empty × 7]
+Array(1, 2, 3);    // [1, 2, 3]
+
+ +

Szintakszis

+ +
Array.of(elem0[, elem1[, ...[, elemN]]])
+ +

Paraméterek

+ +
+
elemN
+
Elemek, melyeket a tömb tartalmazni fog
+
+ +

Visszatérési érték

+ +

Egy új {{jsxref("Array")}} példány.

+ +

Leírás

+ +

Ez a függvény szabványos az ECMAScript 2015 óta. További részletekért lásd az Array.of és az Array.from proposal-t és a Array.of polyfill-t.

+ +

Példák

+ +
Array.of(1);         // [1]
+Array.of(1, 2, 3);   // [1, 2, 3]
+Array.of(undefined); // [undefined]
+
+ +

Polyfill

+ +

A következő kód lefuttatása után az Array.of() hasznáható lesz, amennyiben a kliens ezt natíven nem támogatja.

+ +
if (!Array.of) {
+  Array.of = function() {
+    return Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+  };
+}
+
+ +

Specifikációk

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SpecificationStatusComment
{{SpecName('ES2015', '#sec-array.of', 'Array.of')}}{{Spec2('ES2015')}}Kezdeti definíció.
{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-array.of', 'Array.of')}}{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}
+ +

Böngésző kompatibilitás

+ +
+ + +

{{Compat("javascript.builtins.Array.of")}}

+
+ +

Lásd még:

+ + diff --git a/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/sort/index.html b/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/sort/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..408507ddd8 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/hu/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/sort/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,294 @@ +--- +title: Array.prototype.sort() +slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/sort +tags: + - Prototípus + - Rendezés + - metódus + - tömb +translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/sort +--- +
{{JSRef}}
+ +

sort() eljárás  egy tömb elemeit rendezi helyben, és visszaadja a tömböt. Egy rendezés nem teljesen stabil. Az alapértelmezett rendezési sorrend függ a sztring Unicode táblában való elhelyezkedésétől.

+ +
var fruits = ['cherries', 'apples', 'banana'];
+fruits.sort(); // ['apple', 'banana', 'cherries']
+
+var scores = [1, 10, 21, 2];
+scores.sort(); // [1, 10, 2, 21]
+// Figyeld meg,hogy a 10 a 2 előtt jön,
+// mivel a '10' hamarabb van,mint '2' a Unicode sorolás szerint.
+
+var things = ['word', 'Word', '1 Word', '2 Words'];
+things.sort(); // ['1 Word', '2 Words', 'Word', 'word']
+// A Unicode-ban, a számok hamarabb kerülnek sorra mint a nagybetűk,
+// de, azok hamarabb vannak,mint a kisbetűk.
+
+ +

Szintaxis

+ +
arr.sort() arr.sort(compareFunction)
+
+ +

Paraméterek

+ +
+
compareFunction {{optional_inline}}
+
Meghatároz egy függvényt, amely definiálja  a rendezési sorrendet. Ha elhagyjuk, a tömb rendezése az egyes betűk Unicode táblában való elhelyezkedése alapján történik meg.
+
+ +

Visszatérési érték

+ +

A rendezett tömb. Vegyük figyelembe, hogy a rendezés helyben történt és nem készült másolat a tömbről.

+ +

Leírás

+ +

Ha a compareFunction nem mellékelt, akkor az elemek rendezése úgy zajlik, hogy először átkonvertálja sztringgé, majd összehasonlítja a Unicode karakter sorrendet. Például, "Banana" hamarabb lesz,mint "cherry". Szám-sorrendben a 9 hamarabb lesz 80-nál, de mivel a számok átkonvertálódnak sztringgé, "80" hamarabb lesz "9"-nél a Unicode sorolás szerint.

+ +

Ha compareFunction mellékelt, a tömb elemei rendezésre kerülnek az összehasonlító függvény visszatérési értéke alapján. Ha a és b elemek összehasonlításra kerülnek:

+ + + +

Szóval, az összehasonlító függvény így néz ki:

+ +
function compare(a, b) {
+  if (a kisebb mint b a sorrend kritéria szerint) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (a nagyobb mint b a sorrend kritéria szerint) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+  // a-nak egyenlőnek kell lennie b-vel
+  return 0;
+}
+
+ +

To compare numbers instead of strings, the compare function can simply subtract b from a. The following function will sort the array ascending (if it doesn't contain Infinity and NaN):

+ +
function compareNumbers(a, b) {
+  return a - b;
+}
+
+ +

The sort method can be conveniently used with {{jsxref("Operators/function", "function expressions", "", 1)}} (and closures):

+ +
var numbers = [4, 2, 5, 1, 3];
+numbers.sort(function(a, b) {
+  return a - b;
+});
+console.log(numbers);
+
+// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+ +

Objektumok is rendezhetőek, ha megadjuk az egyik tulajdonságát.

+ +
var items = [
+  { name: 'Edward', value: 21 },
+  { name: 'Sharpe', value: 37 },
+  { name: 'And', value: 45 },
+  { name: 'The', value: -12 },
+  { name: 'Magnetic', value: 13 },
+  { name: 'Zeros', value: 37 }
+];
+
+// sort by value
+items.sort(function (a, b) {
+  return a.value - b.value;
+});
+
+// sort by name
+items.sort(function(a, b) {
+  var nameA = a.name.toUpperCase(); // nagybetűk és kisbetűk elhagyása
+  var nameB = b.name.toUpperCase(); // nagybetűk és kisbetűk elhagyása
+  if (nameA < nameB) {
+    return -1;
+  }
+  if (nameA > nameB) {
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  // a neveknek egyeznie kell
+  return 0;
+});
+ +

Példák

+ +

Tömbök készítése,megjelenítése és rendezése

+ +

A következő példa négy tömböt készít, megjeleníti az eredeti tömböt, majd a rendezett tömböket. A numerikus tömbök először nem,azután használva a compare függvényt rendezésre kerülnek.

+ +
var stringArray = ['Blue', 'Humpback', 'Beluga'];
+var numericStringArray = ['80', '9', '700'];
+var numberArray = [40, 1, 5, 200];
+var mixedNumericArray = ['80', '9', '700', 40, 1, 5, 200];
+
+function compareNumbers(a, b) {
+  return a - b;
+}
+
+console.log('stringArray:', stringArray.join());
+console.log('Sorted:', stringArray.sort());
+
+console.log('numberArray:', numberArray.join());
+console.log('Sorted without a compare function:', numberArray.sort());
+console.log('Sorted with compareNumbers:', numberArray.sort(compareNumbers));
+
+console.log('numericStringArray:', numericStringArray.join());
+console.log('Sorted without a compare function:', numericStringArray.sort());
+console.log('Sorted with compareNumbers:', numericStringArray.sort(compareNumbers));
+
+console.log('mixedNumericArray:', mixedNumericArray.join());
+console.log('Sorted without a compare function:', mixedNumericArray.sort());
+console.log('Sorted with compareNumbers:', mixedNumericArray.sort(compareNumbers));
+
+ +

This example produces the following output. As the output shows, when a compare function is used, numbers sort correctly whether they are numbers or numeric strings.

+ +
stringArray: Blue,Humpback,Beluga
+Sorted: Beluga,Blue,Humpback
+
+numberArray: 40,1,5,200
+Sorted without a compare function: 1,200,40,5
+Sorted with compareNumbers: 1,5,40,200
+
+numericStringArray: 80,9,700
+Sorted without a compare function: 700,80,9
+Sorted with compareNumbers: 9,80,700
+
+mixedNumericArray: 80,9,700,40,1,5,200
+Sorted without a compare function: 1,200,40,5,700,80,9
+Sorted with compareNumbers: 1,5,9,40,80,200,700
+
+ +

Nem-ASCII karakterek rendezése

+ +

For sorting strings with non-ASCII characters, i.e. strings with accented characters (e, é, è, a, ä, etc.), strings from languages other than English: use {{jsxref("String.localeCompare")}}. This function can compare those characters so they appear in the right order.

+ +
var items = ['réservé', 'premier', 'cliché', 'communiqué', 'café', 'adieu'];
+items.sort(function (a, b) {
+  return a.localeCompare(b);
+});
+
+// items is ['adieu', 'café', 'cliché', 'communiqué', 'premier', 'réservé']
+
+ +

Rendezés map-al

+ +

The compareFunction can be invoked multiple times per element within the array. Depending on the compareFunction's nature, this may yield a high overhead. The more work a compareFunction does and the more elements there are to sort, the wiser it may be to consider using a map for sorting. The idea is to walk the array once to extract the actual values used for sorting into a temporary array, sort the temporary array and then walk the temporary array to achieve the right order.

+ +
// the array to be sorted
+var list = ['Delta', 'alpha', 'CHARLIE', 'bravo'];
+
+// temporary array holds objects with position and sort-value
+var mapped = list.map(function(el, i) {
+  return { index: i, value: el.toLowerCase() };
+})
+
+// sorting the mapped array containing the reduced values
+mapped.sort(function(a, b) {
+  return +(a.value > b.value) || +(a.value === b.value) - 1;
+});
+
+// container for the resulting order
+var result = mapped.map(function(el){
+  return list[el.index];
+});
+
+ +

Specifications

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
SpecificationStatusComment
{{SpecName('ES1')}}{{Spec2('ES1')}}Initial definition.
{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.4.4.11', 'Array.prototype.sort')}}{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}
{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-array.prototype.sort', 'Array.prototype.sort')}}{{Spec2('ES6')}}
{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-array.prototype.sort', 'Array.prototype.sort')}}{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}
+ +

Böngésző kompatibilitás

+ +
{{CompatibilityTable}}
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FunkcióChromeFirefox (Gecko)Internet ExplorerOperaSafari
Alap támogatás{{CompatChrome("1.0")}}{{CompatGeckoDesktop("1.7")}}{{CompatIE("5.5")}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}
+
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
FunkcióAndroidChrome for AndroidFirefox Mobile (Gecko)IE MobileOpera MobileSafari Mobile
Alap támogátás{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}{{CompatVersionUnknown}}
+
+ +

Lásd még

+ + -- cgit v1.2.3-54-g00ecf