From 074785cea106179cb3305637055ab0a009ca74f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Peter Bengtsson Date: Tue, 8 Dec 2020 14:42:52 -0500 Subject: initial commit --- files/pt-pt/web/css/css_columns/index.html | 240 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 240 insertions(+) create mode 100644 files/pt-pt/web/css/css_columns/index.html (limited to 'files/pt-pt/web/css/css_columns') diff --git a/files/pt-pt/web/css/css_columns/index.html b/files/pt-pt/web/css/css_columns/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..6a356077b5 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/pt-pt/web/css/css_columns/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,240 @@ +--- +title: CSS Multi-column Layout +slug: Web/CSS/CSS_Columns +tags: + - CSS + - CSS Multi-column Layout + - Layout + - NeedsTranslation + - Overview + - Reference + - TopicStub +translation_of: Web/CSS/CSS_Columns +--- +
{{CSSRef("CSS3 Multicol")}}
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The CSS Multi-column Layout standard is a CSS module that adds support for multi-column layouts to CSS. This module makes it easier and more reliable than ever to produce columnar layouts without having to hand-code complicated and fragile structures. Support is included for establishing the number of columns in a layout, as well as how content should flow from column to column, gap sizes, column dividing lines (known as column rules), and so forth.

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Multi-column layout basics

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The three key properties used to produce the layout of columns in CSS are {{cssxref("column-count")}}, {{cssxref("column-width")}}, and {{cssxref("column-gap")}}. Other properties provide ways to fine-tune details of how things are organized and rendered within the layout structure built using those properties, but the job of figuring out what goes where is generally handled by these four.

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Suggesting the number of columns and their widths

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The first two properties, column-count and column-width, are both the most important and the most potentially misleading. It's important to understand that:

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In a way, then, they're more like recommendations than hard and fast rules. And this makes sense once you consider the logic of it; this allows multi-column layouts to be responsive and adaptive to the screen width, while also supporting the overall layout of the page and the intent of the author. As the width of the containing space (or the screen) shrinks, the browser will reduce the number of columns it creates, adjusting the remaining columns' widths to ensure that the overall width is as expected.

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The other thing you can control is the distance between the columns, known as the column gap. The column gap can be controlled using the {{cssxref("column-gap")}} property. By convention, the default gap is 1em, but this may or may not be the case in any given browser, so if it matters to you, explicitly set it. The column  gap, unlike the column count and width, doesn't get adjusted by the browser as it tries to fit the content into the available space.

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Take a look at the example below, in which you can use the range control at the top to adjust the width of the columns' containing element.

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{{EmbedLiveSample("Suggesting_the_number_of_columns_and_their_widths", 650, 800)}}

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Text wrapping in multi-column layouts

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The {{cssxref("column-fill")}} property also affects layout. By default, the browser will create as many appropriately-sized columns as it can, then balance the contents across them so that each column is approximately the same length. If, however, you prefer to have the browser fill the first column to its maximum height before moving on to the next column, you can set column-fill to auto (instead of the default, balance).

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If there is no constraint on the column height, however, there will only be one column created, as it will never reach its maximum height to trigger wrapping to the second column, so be sure to either place your columns inside a container which constrains their height, either by using {{cssxref("height")}} or {{cssxref("max-height")}}.

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While the CSS specification defines the {{cssxref("break-before")}}, {{cssxref("break-after")}}, and {{cssxref("break-inside")}} properties to help control wrapping of elements across region, column, or page boundaries, these properties are generally not implemented widely enough to use in real-world code at this time.

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Column appearance

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You can specify that a column rule—a dividing line drawn in the center of each column gap—be drawn between each column in the rendered output of your layout by using the {{cssxref("column-rule-style")}}, {{cssxref("column-rule-width")}}, and {{cssxref("column-rule-color")}} properties, or the shorthand property {{cssxref("column-rule")}}.

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Reference

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CSS properties

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Guides

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Using CSS multi-column layouts
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Step-by-step tutorial about how to build layouts using several columns.
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Specifications

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SpecificationStatusComment
{{SpecName('CSS3 Multicol')}}{{Spec2('CSS3 Multicol')}}Initial definition
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Browser compatibility

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{{CompatibilityTable}}

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FeatureChromeFirefox (Gecko)Internet ExplorerOperaSafari (WebKit)
Basic support{{CompatVersionUnknown}} {{property_prefix('-webkit')}}{{CompatGeckoDesktop(9)}}{{property_prefix('-moz')}}
+ {{CompatGeckoDesktop(52)}}		1011.10
+ 15{{property_prefix('-webkit')}}		3.0 (522){{property_prefix('-webkit')}}
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FeatureAndroidFirefox Mobile (Gecko)IE PhoneOpera MobileSafari Mobile
Basic support2.1{{property_prefix('-webkit')}}{{compatGeckoMobile(22)}}{{property_prefix('-moz')}}
+ {{CompatGeckoMobile(52)}}		1011.5
+ 32{{property_prefix('-webkit')}}		3.2{{property_prefix('-webkit')}}
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See also

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Other CSS layout technologies include:

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