From 218934fa2ed1c702a6d3923d2aa2cc6b43c48684 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Peter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>
Date: Tue, 8 Dec 2020 14:43:23 -0500
Subject: initial commit

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+---
+title: IIFE
+slug: Glossary/IIFE
+translation_of: Glossary/IIFE
+---
+<p><strong>IIFE </strong>(Immediately Invoked Function Expression) 是一個定義完馬上就執行的 {{glossary("JavaScript")}} {{glossary("function")}}。</p>
+
+<p>他又稱為 {{glossary("Self-Executing Anonymous Function")}}，也是一種常見的設計模式，包含兩個主要部分：第一個部分是使用{{jsxref("Operators/Grouping", "Grouping Operator")}} <code> ()</code> 包起來的 anonymous function。這樣的寫法可以避免裡面的變數污染到 global scope。</p>
+
+<p>第二個部分是馬上執行 function 的 expression <code>()</code>，JavaScript 引擎看到它就會立刻轉譯該 function。</p>
+
+<h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>
+
+<p>Function 轉換為 expression 形式，並且馬上執行，function scope 內的變數在外面是無法存取的。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js"><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+    var aName = "Barry";
+<span class="p">})();
+// Variable name is not accessible from the outside scope
+aName </span>// throws "Uncaught ReferenceError: aName is not defined"
+</pre>
+
+<p>把 IIFE 只配給變數會儲存它的結果，而非 function 本身</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js"><span class="p">var result = (</span><span class="kd">function</span> <span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
+    var name = "Barry";
+    return name;
+<span class="p">})();
+// Immediately creates the output:
+result; // "Barry"</span></pre>
+
+<h3 id="其它形式">其它形式</h3>
+
+<p>符合 JSLint 的版本，行為一樣，只有語意略有差異：</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">(function () {
+    var aName = "Barry";
+}());
+</pre>
+
+<p>Arrow function 版本，程式碼更為精簡，行為一致：</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">(() =&gt; {
+    var aName = "Barry";
+})();</pre>
+
+<p>Async function 版本，目前主要為了 top level await 而使用：</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">(async function () {
+    var aName = "Barry";
+})();
+
+(async () =&gt; {
+    var aName = "Barry";
+})();</pre>
+
+<h2 id="更多資訊">更多資訊</h2>
+
+<h3 id="學習它">學習它</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/A_re-introduction_to_JavaScript#Functions">Quick example</a> (在 "Functions" 部分的最後面,  "Custom objects" 的正前面)</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="基本知識">基本知識</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{interwiki("wikipedia", "Immediately-invoked function expression", "IIFE")}} 維基百科</li>
+</ul>
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