--- title: Document slug: Web/API/Document tags: - DOM - Gecko - Gecko DOM Referenz translation_of: Web/API/Document ---
{{ ApiRef("DOM") }}

Zusammenfassung

Jede im Browswer geladene Webseite hat ihr eigenen document Objekt.  Das Document Interface dient als Einstiegspunkt in den Inhalt der Webseite (der DOM tree, beinhaltet Elemente wie {{HTMLElement("body")}} und {{HTMLElement("table")}}) und unterstützt Funktionen, die global für das Dokument gelten(z.B. das Aufrufen der URL der Seite und das Erstellen neuer Elemente im Dokument).

Ein Dokument-Objekt kann von verschiedenen APIs bezogen werden:

Depending on the kind of the document (e.g. HTML or XML), different APIs may be available on the document object.

In der Zukunft, alle diese Interfaces werden zusammengefasst zum Document Interface.

Eigenschaften

Hinweis: Das Document Interface erbt auch vom {{domxref("Node")}} und {{domxref("EventTarget")}} Interface.

{{domxref("Document.all")}} {{Deprecated_inline}} {{non-standard_inline}}
Provides access to all elements with an id. This is a legacy non-standard interface, you should use the {{domxref("Document.getElementById()")}} method instead.
{{domxref("Document.async")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
Used with {{domxref("document.load")}} to indicate an asynchronous request.
{{domxref("Document.characterSet")}} {{experimental_inline}}
Returns the character set being used by the document.
{{domxref("Document.compatMode")}} {{experimental_inline}}
Indicates whether the document is rendered in Quirks or Strict mode.
{{domxref("Document.contentType")}} {{experimental_inline}}
Returns the Content-Type from the MIME Header of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.doctype")}}
Returns the Document Type Definition (DTD) of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.documentElement")}}
Returns the Element that is a direct child of the document. For HTML documents, this is normally the HTML element.
{{domxref("Document.documentURI")}}
Returns the document URL.
{{domxref("Document.domConfig")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
Should return a {{domxref("DOMConfiguration")}} object.
{{domxref("Document.implementation")}}
Returns the DOM implementation associated with the current document.
{{domxref("Document.inputEncoding")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
Returns the encoding used when the document was parsed.
{{domxref("Document.lastStyleSheetSet")}}
Returns the name of the style sheet set that was last enabled. Has the value null until the style sheet is changed by setting the value of {{domxref("Document.selectedStyleSheetSet","selectedStyleSheetSet")}}.
{{domxref("Document.mozSyntheticDocument")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("8.0")}}
true if this document is synthetic, such as a standalone image, video, audio file, or the like.
{{domxref("Document.mozFullScreen")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("9.0")}}
true when the document is in {{domxref("Using_full-screen_mode","full-screen mode")}}.
{{domxref("Document.mozFullScreenElement")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("9.0")}}
The element that's currently in full screen mode for this document.
{{domxref("Document.mozFullScreenEnabled")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("9.0")}}
true if calling {{domxref("element.mozRequestFullscreen()")}} would succeed in the curent document.
{{domxref("Document.pointerLockElement")}} {{experimental_inline}}
Returns the element set as the target for mouse events while the pointer is locked. null if lock is pending, pointer is unlocked, or if the target is in another document.
{{domxref("Document.preferredStyleSheetSet")}}
Returns the preferred style sheet set as specified by the page author.
{{domxref("Document.selectedStyleSheetSet")}}
Returns which style sheet set is currently in use.
{{domxref("Document.styleSheets")}}
Returns a list of the style sheet objects on the current document.
{{domxref("Document.styleSheetSets")}}
Returns a list of the style sheet sets available on the document.
{{domxref("Document.xmlEncoding")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
Returns the encoding as determined by the XML declaration.
{{domxref("Document.xmlStandalone")}} {{obsolete_inline("10.0")}}
Returns true if the XML declaration specifies the document to be standalone (e.g., An external part of the DTD affects the document's content), else false.
{{domxref("Document.xmlVersion")}} {{obsolete_inline("10.0")}}
Returns the version number as specified in the XML declaration or "1.0" if the declaration is absent.

The Document interface is extended with the {{domxref("ParentNode")}} interface:

{{page("/en-US/docs/Web/API/ParentNode","Properties")}}

Erweiterung für HTML Dokumente

Das Document Interface für HTML Dokumente erbt vom {{domxref("HTMLDocument")}} Interface oder, ist seit HTML5 erweitert für solche Dokumente:

{{domxref("Document.activeElement")}}
Returns the currently focused element.
{{domxref("Document.alinkColor")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
Returns or sets the color of active links in the document body.
{{domxref("Document.anchors")}}
Returns a list of all of the anchors in the document.
{{domxref("Document.applets")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
Returns an ordered list of the applets within a document.
{{domxref("Document.bgColor")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
Gets/sets the background color of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.body")}}
Returns the {{HTMLElement("body")}} element of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.cookie")}}
Returns a semicolon-separated list of the cookies for that document or sets a single cookie.
{{domxref("Document.defaultView")}}
Returns a reference to the window object.
{{domxref("Document.designMode")}}
Gets/sets the ability to edit the whole document.
{{domxref("Document.dir")}}
Gets/sets directionality (rtl/ltr) of the document.
{{domxref("Document.domain")}}
Returns the domain of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.embeds")}}
Returns a list of the embedded {{HTMLElement('embed')}} elements within the current document.
{{domxref("Document.fgColor")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
Gets/sets the foreground color, or text color, of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.forms")}}
Returns a list of the {{HTMLElement("form")}} elements within the current document.
{{domxref("Document.head")}}
Returns the {{HTMLElement("head")}} element of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.height")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{obsolete_inline}}
Gets/sets the height of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.images")}}
Returns a list of the images in the current document.
{{domxref("Document.lastModified")}}
Returns the date on which the document was last modified.
{{domxref("Document.linkColor")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
Gets/sets the color of hyperlinks in the document.
{{domxref("Document.links")}}
Returns a list of all the hyperlinks in the document.
{{domxref("Document.location")}}
Returns the URI of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.plugins")}}
Returns a list of the available plugins.
{{domxref("Document.readyState")}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("1.9.2")}}
Returns loading status of the document.
{{domxref("Document.referrer")}}
Returns the URI of the page that linked to this page.
{{domxref("Document.scripts")}}
Returns all the {{HTMLElement("script")}} elements on the document.
{{domxref("Document.title")}}
Returns the title of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.URL")}}
Returns a string containing the URL of the current document.
{{domxref("Document.vlinkColor")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
Gets/sets the color of visited hyperlinks.
{{domxref("Document.width")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{obsolete_inline}}
Returns the width of the current document.

Event handlers

{{domxref("Document.onpointerlockchange")}} {{experimental_inline}}
Returns the event handling code for the {{event("pointerlockchange")}} event.
{{domxref("Document.onpointerlockerror")}} {{experimental_inline}}
Returns the event handling code for the {{event("pointerlockerror")}} event.
{{domxref("Document.onreadystatechange")}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("1.9.2")}}
Returns the event handling code for the readystatechange event.

Methoden

Hinweis: Das Document Interface erbt auch vom {{domxref("Node")}} und {{domxref("EventTarget")}} Interface.

{{domxref("Document.adoptNode","Document.adoptNode(Node node)")}}
Adopt node from an external document.
{{domxref("Document.captureEvents","Document.captureEvents(String eventName)")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
See {{domxref("window.captureEvents")}}.
{{domxref("Document.caretPositionFromPoint","Document.caretPositionFromPoint(Number x, Number y)")}}
Gets a {{domxref("CaretPosition")}} based on two coordinates.
{{domxref("Document.createAttribute","Document.createAttribute(String name)")}}
Creates a new {{domxref("Attr")}} object and returns it.
{{domxref("Document.createAttributeNS","Document.createAttributeNS(String namespace, String name)")}}
Creates a new attribute node in a given namespace and returns it.
{{domxref("Document.createCDATASection","Document.createCDATASection(String data)")}}
Creates a new CDATA node and returns it.
{{domxref("Document.createComment","Document.createComment(String comment)")}}
Creates a new comment node and returns it.
{{domxref("Document.createDocumentFragment()")}}
Creates a new document fragment.
{{domxref("Document.createElement","Document.createElement(String name)")}}
Creates a new element with the given tag name.
{{domxref("Document.createElementNS","Document.createElementNS(String namespace, String name)")}}
Creates a new element with the given tag name and namespace URI.
{{domxref("Document.createEntityReference","Document.createEntityReference(String name)")}} {{obsolete_inline}}
Creates a new entity reference object and returns it.
{{domxref("Document.createEvent","Document.createEvent(String interface)")}}
Creates an event object.
{{domxref("Document.createNodeIterator","Document.createNodeIterator(Node root[, Number whatToShow[, NodeFilter filter]])")}}
Creates a {{domxref("NodeIterator")}} object.
{{domxref("Document.createProcessingInstruction","Document.createProcessingInstruction(String target, String data)")}}
Creates a new {{domxref("ProcessingInstruction")}} object.
{{domxref("Document.createRange()")}}
Creates a {{domxref("Range")}} object.
{{domxref("Document.createTextNode","Document.createTextNode(String text)")}}
Creates a text node.
{{domxref("Document.createTreeWalker","Document.createTreeWalker(Node root[, Number whatToShow[, NodeFilter filter]])")}}
Creates a {{domxref("TreeWalker")}} object.
{{domxref("Document.elementFromPoint","Document.elementFromPoint(Number x, Number y)")}}
Returns the element visible at the specified coordinates.
{{domxref("Document.enableStyleSheetsForSet","Document.enableStyleSheetsForSet(String name)")}}
Enables the style sheets for the specified style sheet set.
{{domxref("Document.exitPointerLock()")}} {{experimental_inline}}
Release the pointer lock.
{{domxref("Document.getElementsByClassName","Document.getElementsByClassName(String className)")}}
Returns a list of elements with the given class name.
{{domxref("Document.getElementsByTagName","Document.getElementsByTagName(String tagName)")}}
Returns a list of elements with the given tag name.
{{domxref("Document.getElementsByTagNameNS","Document.getElementsByTagNameNS(String namespace, String tagName)")}}
Returns a list of elements with the given tag name and namespace.
{{domxref("Document.importNode","Document.importNode(Node node, Boolean deep)")}}
Returns a clone of a node from an external document.
{{domxref("document.mozSetImageElement")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("2.0")}}
Allows you to change the element being used as the background image for a specified element ID.
{{domxref("Document.normalizeDocument()")}} {{obsolete_inline}}
Replaces entities, normalizes text nodes, etc.
{{domxref("Document.releaseCapture()")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("2.0")}}
Releases the current mouse capture if it's on an element in this document.
{{domxref("Document.releaseEvents")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
See {{domxref("window.releaseEvents")}}.
{{domxref("document.routeEvent")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{obsolete_inline(24)}}
See {{domxref("window.routeEvent")}}.

The Document interface is extended with the {{domxref("ParentNode")}} interface:

{{domxref("Document.getElementById","Document.getElementById(String id)")}}
Returns an object reference to the identified element.
{{domxref("Document.querySelector","Document.querySelector(String selector)")}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("1.9.1")}}
Returns the first Element node within the document, in document order, that matches the specified selectors.
{{domxref("Document.querySelectorAll","Document.querySelectorAll(String selector)")}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("1.9.1")}}
Returns a list of all the Element nodes within the document that match the specified selectors.

The Document interface is extended with the {{domxref("XPathEvaluator")}} interface:

{{domxref("Document.createExpression","Document.createExpression(String expression, XPathNSResolver resolver)")}}
Compiles an XPathExpression which can then be used for (repeated) evaluations.
{{domxref("Document.createNSResolver","Document.createNSResolver(Node resolver)")}}
Creates an {{domxref("XPathNSResolver")}} object.
{{domxref("Document.evaluate","Document.evaluate(String expression, Node contextNode, XPathNSResolver resolver, Number type, Object result)")}}
Evaluates an XPath expression.

Erweiterung für HTML Dokumente

Das Document Interface für HTML Dokumente erbt vom {{domxref("HTMLDocument")}} Interface oder ist seit HTML5 erweitert für solche Dokumente:

{{domxref("Document.clear()")}} {{non-standard_inline}} {{Deprecated_inline}}
In majority of modern browsers, including recent versions of Firefox and Internet Explorer, this method does nothing.
{{domxref("Document.close()")}}
Closes a document stream for writing.
{{domxref("Document.execCommand","Document.execCommand(String command[, Boolean showUI[, String value]])")}}
On an editable document, executes a formating command.
{{domxref("Document.getElementsByName","Document.getElementsByName(String name)")}}
Returns a list of elements with the given name.
{{domxref("Document.getSelection()")}}
Returns a {{domxref("Selection")}} object related to text selected in the document.
{{domxref("Document.hasFocus()")}}
Returns true if the focus is currently located anywhere inside the specified document.
{{domxref("Document.open()")}}
Opens a document stream for writing.
{{domxref("Document.queryCommandEnabled","Document.queryCommandEnabled(String command)")}}
Returns true if the formating command can be executed on the current range.
{{domxref("Document.queryCommandIndeterm","Document.queryCommandIndeterm(String command)")}}
Returns true if the formating command is in an indeterminate state on the current range.
{{domxref("Document.queryCommandState","Document.queryCommandState(String command)")}}
Returns true if the formating command has been executed on the current range.
{{domxref("Document.queryCommandSupported","Document.queryCommandSupported(String command)")}}
Returns true if the formating command is supported on the current range.
{{domxref("Document.queryCommandValue","Document.queryCommandValue(String command)")}}
Returns the current value of the current range for a formatting command.
{{domxref("Document.registerElement","Document.registerElement(String tagname[, Object options])")}}
Registers a new custom element in the browser and returns a constructor for the new element.
{{domxref("Document.write","Document.write(String text)")}}
Writes text in a document.
{{domxref("Document.writeln","Document.writeln(String text)")}}
Writes a line of text in a document.

Spezifikationen

Spezifikation Status Kommentar
{{SpecName('DOM1','#i-Document','Document')}} {{Spec2('DOM1')}} Initial definition for the interface
{{SpecName('DOM2 Core','#i-Document','Document')}} {{Spec2('DOM2 Core')}} Supersede DOM 1
{{SpecName('DOM3 Core','#i-Document','Document')}} {{Spec2('DOM3 Core')}} Supersede DOM 2
{{SpecName('DOM WHATWG','#interface-document','Document')}} {{Spec2('DOM WHATWG')}} Intend to supersede DOM 3
{{SpecName('HTML WHATWG','dom.html#the-document-object','Document')}} {{Spec2('HTML WHATWG')}} Turn the {{domxref("HTMLDocument")}} interface into a Document extension.
{{SpecName('DOM3 XPath','xpath.html#XPathEvaluator','XPathEvaluator')}} {{Spec2('DOM3 XPath')}} Define the {{domxref("XPathEvaluator")}} interface which extend Document.
{{SpecName('HTML Editing','#dom-document-getselection','Document')}} {{Spec2('HTML Editing')}} Extend the Document interface
{{SpecName('CSSOM View','#extensions-to-the-document-interface','Document')}} {{Spec2('CSSOM View')}} Extend the Document interface
{{SpecName('CSSOM','#extensions-to-the-document-interface','Document')}} {{Spec2('CSSOM')}} Extend the Document interface
{{SpecName('Pointer Lock','#extensions-to-the-document-interface','Document')}} {{Spec2('Pointer Lock')}} Extend the Document interface

Browser Kompatibilität

Firefox Hinweise

Mozilla defines a set of non-standard properties made only for XUL content:

{{domxref("document.currentScript")}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("2.0")}}
Returns the {{HTMLElement("script")}} element that is currently executing.
{{domxref("document.documentURIObject")}} {{gecko_minversion_inline("1.9")}}
(Mozilla add-ons only!) Returns the {{Interface("nsIURI")}} object representing the URI of the document. This property only has special meaning in privileged JavaScript code (with UniversalXPConnect privileges).
{{domxref("document.popupNode")}}
Returns the node upon which a popup was invoked.
{{domxref("document.tooltipNode")}}
Returns the node which is the target of the current tooltip.

Mozilla also define some non-standard methods:

{{domxref("Document.execCommandShowHelp")}} {{obsolete_inline("14.0")}}
This method never did anything and always threw an exception, so it was removed in Gecko 14.0 {{geckoRelease("14.0")}}.
{{domxref("Document.getBoxObjectFor")}} {{obsolete_inline}}
Use the {{domxref("Element.getBoundingClientRect()")}} method instead.
{{domxref("Document.loadOverlay")}}
Loads a XUL overlay dynamically. This only works in XUL documents.
{{domxref("document.queryCommandText")}} {{obsolete_inline("14.0")}}
This method never did anything but throw an exception, and was removed in Gecko 14.0 {{geckoRelease("14.0")}}.

Internet Explorer Hinweise

Microsoft defines some non-standard properties:

{{domxref("document.fileSize")}}* {{non-standard_inline}} {{obsolete_inline}}
Returns size in bytes of the document. Starting with Internet Explorer 11, that property is no longer supported. See MSDN.
Internet Explorer does not support all methods from the Node interface in the Document interface:
{{domxref("document.contains")}}
As a work-around, document.body.contains() can be used.