---
title: 의사 클래스
slug: Web/CSS/Pseudo-classes
tags:
  - CSS
  - Overview
  - Pseudo-class
  - Reference
  - Selectors
translation_of: Web/CSS/Pseudo-classes
---
<div>{{CSSRef}}</div>

<p><a href="/ko/docs/Web/CSS">CSS</a> <strong>의사 클래스</strong>(가상 클래스)는 선택자에 추가하는 키워드로, 선택한 요소가 특별한 상태여야 만족할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어 {{cssxref(":hover")}}를 사용하면 포인터를 올렸을 때에만 글씨 색을 바꾸고 싶을 때 사용할 수 있습니다.</p>

<pre class="brush: css notranslate">/* Any button over which the user's pointer is hovering */
button:hover {
  color: blue;
}</pre>

<p>의사 클래스를 사용하면 문서 트리 콘텐츠와 관련된 경우 뿐만 아니라 탐색기 히스토리({{cssxref(":visited")}} 등), 콘텐츠의 상태(특정 폼 요소에 적용한 {{cssxref(":checked")}} 등), 마우스의 위치(커서가 마우스 위인지 아닌지 알 수 있는 {{cssxref(":hover")}} 등)처럼 외부 인자와 관련된 경우에도 스타일을 적용할 수 있습니다.</p>

<div class="blockIndicator note">
<p><strong>참고</strong>: <a href="/ko/docs/Web/CSS/Pseudo-elements">의사 요소</a>는 의사 클래스와 달리 요소의 <strong>특정 부분</strong>에 스타일을 적용할 때 사용합니다.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="구문">구문</h2>

<pre class="syntaxbox notranslate">selector:pseudo-class {
  property: value;
}</pre>

<p>일반적인 클래스와 같이 여러 개의 의사 클래스를 조합해 복잡한 선택자를 만들 수 있습니다.</p>

<h2 id="표준_의사_클래스_색인">표준 의사 클래스 색인</h2>

<div class="index" id="index">
<ul>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":active")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":any-link")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":blank")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":checked")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":current")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":default")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":defined")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":dir", ":dir()")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":disabled")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":drop")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":empty")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":enabled")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":first")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":first-child")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":first-of-type")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":fullscreen")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":future")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":focus")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":focus-visible")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":focus-within")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":has", ":has()")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":host")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":host()")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":host-context()")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":hover")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":indeterminate")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":in-range")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":invalid")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":is", ":is()")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":lang", ":lang()")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":last-child")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":last-of-type")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":left")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":link")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":local-link")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":not", ":not()")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":nth-child", ":nth-child()")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":nth-col", ":nth-col()")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":nth-last-child", ":nth-last-child()")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":nth-last-col", ":nth-last-col()")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":nth-last-of-type", ":nth-last-of-type()")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":nth-of-type", ":nth-of-type()")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":only-child")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":only-of-type")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":optional")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":out-of-range")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":past")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":placeholder-shown")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":read-only")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":read-write")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":required")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":right")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":root")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":scope")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":state", ":state()")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":target")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":target-within")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":user-invalid")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":valid")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":visited")}}</li>
 <li>{{CSSxRef(":where", ":where()")}} {{Experimental_Inline}}</li>
</ul>
</div>

<h2 id="명세">명세</h2>

<table class="standard-table">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
   <th scope="col">Status</th>
   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("Fullscreen")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("Fullscreen")}}</td>
   <td>Defined <code>:fullscreen</code>.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("HTML WHATWG", "#pseudo-classes")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("HTML WHATWG")}}</td>
   <td>Defines when particular selectors match HTML elements.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("CSS4 Selectors")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("CSS4 Selectors")}}</td>
   <td>Defined <code style="white-space: nowrap;">:any-link</code>, <code>:blank</code>, <code style="white-space: nowrap;">:local-link</code>, <code>:scope</code>, <code>:drop</code>, <code>:current</code>, <code>:past</code>, <code>:future</code>, <code style="white-space: nowrap;">:placeholder-shown</code>, <code style="white-space: nowrap;">:user-invalid</code>, <code style="white-space: nowrap;">:nth-col()</code>, <code style="white-space: nowrap;">:nth-last-col()</code>, <code>:is()</code> and <code>:where()</code>.<br>
    Changed <code>:empty</code> to behave like {{CSSxRef(":-moz-only-whitespace")}} {{Non-standard_Inline}}.<br>
    No significant change for other pseudo-classes defined in {{SpecName("CSS3 Selectors")}} and {{SpecName("HTML5 W3C")}} (though semantic meaning not taken over).</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("HTML5 W3C")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("HTML5 W3C")}}</td>
   <td>Copies the relevant section from the canonical (WHATWG) HTML spec.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("CSS3 Basic UI")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("CSS3 Basic UI")}}</td>
   <td>Defined <code>:default</code>, <code>:valid</code>, <code>:invalid</code>, <code>:in-range</code>, <code>:out-of-range</code>, <code>:required</code>, <code>:optional</code>, <code>:read-only</code> and <code>:read-write</code>, but without the associated semantic meaning.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("CSS3 Selectors")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("CSS3 Selectors")}}</td>
   <td>Defined <code>:target</code>, <code>:root</code>, <code>:nth-child()</code>, <code>:nth-last-of-child()</code>, <code>:nth-of-type()</code>, <code>:nth-last-of-type()</code>, <code>:last-child</code>, <code>:first-of-type</code>, <code>:last-of-type</code>, <code>:only-child</code>, <code>:only-of-type</code>, <code>:empty</code> and <code>:not()</code>.<br>
    Defined the syntax of <code>:enabled</code>, <code>:disabled</code>, <code>:checked</code>, and <code>:indeterminate</code>, but without the associated semantic meaning.<br>
    No significant change for pseudo-classes defined in {{SpecName('CSS2.1')}}.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("CSS2.1")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("CSS2.1")}}</td>
   <td>Defined <code>:lang()</code>, <code>:first-child</code>, <code>:hover</code>, and <code>:focus</code>.<br>
    No significant change for pseudo-classes defined in {{SpecName('CSS1')}}.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("CSS1")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("CSS1")}}</td>
   <td>Defined <code>:link</code>, <code>:visited</code> and <code>:active</code>, but without the associated semantic meaning.</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="같이_보기">같이 보기</h2>

<ul>
 <li><a href="/ko/docs/Web/CSS/Pseudo-elements">의사 요소</a></li>
</ul>