--- title: ': 입력 요소' slug: Web/HTML/Element/Input tags: - Element - Forms - HTML - HTML forms - HTML input tag - Reference - Web translation_of: Web/HTML/Element/input ---
{{HTMLRef}}

HTML <input> 요소는 웹 기반 양식에서 사용자의 데이터를 받을 수 있는 대화형 컨트롤을 생성합니다. {{glossary("user agent", "사용자 에이전트")}}에 따라서 다양한 종류의 입력 데이터 유형과 컨트롤 위젯이 존재합니다. 입력 유형과 특성의 다양한 조합 가능성으로 인해, <input> 요소는 HTML에서 제일 강력하고 복잡한 요소 중 하나입니다.

{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/tabbed/input-text.html", "tabbed-shorter")}}

<input> 유형

<input> 요소의 동작 방식은 {{htmlattrxref("type")}} 특성에 따라 현격히 달라지므로, 각각의 유형은 별도의 참고 문서에서 더 자세히 확인할 수 있습니다. 특성을 지정하지 않은 경우, 기본값은 text입니다.

가능한 유형은 다음과 같습니다.

유형 설명 기본 예제 Spec
{{HTMLElement("input/button", "button")}} 기본 행동을 가지지 않으며 {{htmlattrxref("value", "input")}}을 레이블로 사용하는 푸시 버튼. {{EmbedLiveSample("examplebutton",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/checkbox", "checkbox")}} 단일 값을 선택하거나 선택 해제할 수 있는 체크박스. {{EmbedLiveSample("examplecheckbox",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/color", "color")}} 색을 지정할 수 있는 컨트롤. 브라우저가 지원하는 경우, 활성화 시 색상 선택기를 열어줍니다. {{EmbedLiveSample("examplecolor",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/date", "date")}} 날짜(연월일, 시간 없음)를 지정할 수 있는 컨트롤. 브라우저가 지원하는 경우, 활성화 시 날짜를 선택할 수 있는 달력 등을 열어줍니다. {{EmbedLiveSample("exampledate",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/datetime-local", "datetime-local")}} 날짜와 시간을 지정할 수 있는 컨트롤. 시간대는 지정할 수 없습니다. 브라우저가 지원하는 경우, 활성화 시 날짜를 선택할 수 있는 달력과, 시계 등을 열어줍니다. {{EmbedLiveSample("exampledtl",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/email", "email")}} 이메일 주소를 편집할 수 있는 필드. 텍스트 입력 필드처럼 보이지만 유효성 검증 매개변수가 존재하며, 브라우저와 장치가 동적 키보드를 지원하는 경우 이메일에 적합한 키보드를 보여줍니다. {{EmbedLiveSample("exampleemail",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/file", "file")}} 파일을 지정할 수 있는 컨트롤. {{htmlattrxref("accept", "input")}} 특성을 사용하면 허용하는 파일 유형을 지정할 수 있습니다. {{EmbedLiveSample("examplefile",'100%',55,"","", "nobutton")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/hidden", "hidden")}} 보이지 않지만 값은 서버로 전송하는 컨트롤. 오른쪽 칸에 예제가 있지만 숨겨져서 안보이네요!
{{HTMLElement("input/image", "image")}} src 특성에 지정한 이미지로 나타나는 시각적 제출 버튼. 이미지의 {{anch('src')}}를 누락한 경우 {{anch('alt')}} 특성의 텍스트를 대신 보여줍니다. {{EmbedLiveSample("exampleimage",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/month", "month")}} 연과 월을 지정할 수 있는 컨트롤. 시간대는 지정할 수 없습니다. {{EmbedLiveSample("examplemonth",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/number", "number")}}

숫자를 입력하기 위한 컨트롤. 스피너를 표시하고 지원되는 기본 확인을 추가합니다. 몇몇 장치에서는 동적 키패드들과 숫자 키패드를 표시합니다.

{{EmbedLiveSample("examplenumber",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/password", "password")}}

값이 가려진 한줄 텍스트 필드. 사이트가 안전하지 않으면 사용자에게 경고합니다.

{{EmbedLiveSample("examplepassword",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/radio", "radio")}}

같은 {{anch('name')}} 값을 가진 여러개의 선택중에서 하나의 값을 선택하게 하는 라디오 버튼입니다.

{{EmbedLiveSample("exampleradio",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/range", "range")}}

값이 가려진 숫자를 입력하는 컨트롤. 디폴트 값이 중간값인 범위 위젯으로 표시합니다. 접속사 {{anch('min')}} 와 {{anch('max')}} 사이에 사용되며 수용가능한 값의 범위를 정의합니다.

{{EmbedLiveSample("examplerange",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/reset", "reset")}} 양식의 내용을 디폴트값(기본값)으로 초기화하는 버튼. 권장되지 않습니다. {{EmbedLiveSample("examplereset",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/search", "search")}}

검색문자열을 입력하는 한줄 텍스트 필드. 줄바꿈 문자는 입력값에서 자동으로 제거됩니다. 지원 브라우저에서 필드를 클리어하기 위해 사용되는 삭제 아이콘이 포함됩니다. 동적 키패드들이 있는 몇몇 장치에서 엔터키 대신에 검색 아이콘을 표시합니다.

{{EmbedLiveSample("examplesearch",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/submit", "submit")}} 양식을 전송하는 버튼 {{EmbedLiveSample("examplesubmit",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/tel", "tel")}} 전화번호를 입력하는 컨트롤. 몇몇 장치에서 동적 키패드들과 전화번호 입력기를 표시한다. {{EmbedLiveSample("exampletel",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/text", "text")}}

디폴트 값. 한줄의 텍스트 필드입니다. 새줄 문자는 입력값으로부터 자동으로 제거됩니다.

{{EmbedLiveSample("exampletext",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/time", "time")}} 시간대가 없는 시간값을 입력하는 콘트롤 {{EmbedLiveSample("exampletime",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/url", "url")}} URL을 입력하는 필드. 텍스트 입력처럼 보이지만, 검증 매개변수가 있습니다. 동적 키보드들을 지원하는 브라우저와 장치들에 관련된 키보드가 있습니다. {{EmbedLiveSample("exampleurl",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
{{HTMLElement("input/week", "week")}} 시간대가 없는 주-년 값과 주의 값을 구성하는 날짜를 입력하는 컨트롤입니다. {{EmbedLiveSample("exampleweek",200,55,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}
퇴화한 값
{{HTMLElement("input/datetime", "datetime")}}

{{deprecated_inline}} {{obsolete_inline}} UTC 시간대에 기반한 날짜와 시간(시,분,초 그리고 초의 분수)을 입력하는 콘트롤입니다.

{{EmbedLiveSample("exampledatetime",200,75,"","", "nobutton")}} {{HTMLVersionInline("5")}}

속성

<input> 요소가 강력한 이유는 바로 다양한 속성 때문입니다. 그 중에서도, 위의 표에서 확인할 수 있는 {{htmlattrxref("type", "input")}} 속성이 제일 중요합니다. 모든 <input> 요소는 유형에 상관하지 않고 {{domxref("HTMLInputElement")}} 인터페이스에 기반하므로, 기술적으로는 모든 <input>이 동일한 속성을 가집니다. 그러나 사실 대부분의 속성은 일부 유형에서만 효과를 보입니다. 게다가, 어떤 속성은 유형별로 그 영향이 달라집니다.

여기에서는 모든 속성값들에 대해 간략한 설명을 담은 표를 제공합니다. 이 표 다음에는 각각의 속성을 더욱 상세하게 설명하는 목록이 나오는데, 그들이 연관된 input 유형과 함께 나옵니다. 대부분의 혹은 모든 input 유형에 공통적인 속성들은 그 아래 더욱 상세하게 설명되어 있습니다. 몇몇 input 유형에만 특정하게 해당하는 속성들이나 모든 유형에 공통적으로 해당하지만 특정 유형에 사용될 때 특정한 행동양식을 나타내는 속성들은 그 유형의 해당 페이지에 대신 기술되어 있습니다. 이 요소에는 글로벌 속성들도 포함됩니다. input에 관련된 특별히 중요한 속성들은 하이라이트로 표시되었습니다. 

{{htmlelement('input')}} 요소는 전역 속성(Global Attributes)과 다음 특성을 포함합니다.
특성 유형 설명
{{anch('htmlattrdefaccept', 'accept')}} file 파일을 업로드 컨트롤에서 기대하는 파일 유형을 암시
{{anch('htmlattrdefalt', 'alt')}} image 이미지 유형에 대한 대체 속성. accessibiltiy 측면에서 필요.
{{anch('htmlattrdefautocomplete', 'autocomplete')}} all 양식 자동생성 기능 (form autofill) 암시
{{anch('htmlattrdefautofocus', 'autofocus')}} all 페이지가 로딩될때 양식 제어에 오토포커스
{{anch('htmlattrdefcapture', 'capture')}} file 파일 업로드 제어에서 input 방식에서 미디어 capture 
{{anch('htmlattrdefchecked', 'checked')}} radio, checkbox 커맨드나 컨트롤이 체크 되었는지의 여부
{{anch('htmlattrdefdirname', 'dirname')}} text, search 양식 전송시 요소의 방향성을 전송할 때 양식 필드의 Name
{{anch('htmlattrdefdisabled', 'disabled')}} all 양식 컨트롤이 비활성화되었는지의 여부
{{anch('htmlattrdefform', 'form')}} all 컨트롤을 양식 요소와 연결
{{anch('htmlattrdefformaction', 'formaction')}} image, submit 양식 전송시 URL 사용하기
{{anch('htmlattrdefformenctype', 'formenctype')}} image, submit 양식의 데이터 인코딩 유형이 양식 전송시 사용될 것
{{anch('htmlattrdefformmethod', 'formmethod')}} image, submit 양식 전송시 HTTP 방식을 사용
{{anch('htmlattrdefformnovalidate', 'formnovalidate')}} image, submit 양식 전송시 양식 컨트롤 확인을 무시하기
{{anch('htmlattrdefformtarget', 'formtarget')}} image, submit 양식 전송시 브라우징 맥락
{{anch('htmlattrdefheight', 'height')}} image 이미지 높이에서  height 속성과 같음
{{anch('htmlattrdeflist', 'list')}} almost all datalist 자동입력 옵션의 id 속성값
{{anch('htmlattrdefmax', 'max')}} numeric types 최대값
{{anch('htmlattrdefmaxlength', 'maxlength')}} password, search, tel, text, url value의 최대 길이 (문자수) 
{{anch('htmlattrdefmin', 'min')}} numeric types 최소값
{{anch('htmlattrdefminlength', 'minlength')}} password, search, tel, text, url value의 최소 길이 (문자수)
{{anch('htmlattrdefmultiple', 'multiple')}} email, file 불리언값. 여러 값을 허용할지의 여부
{{anch('htmlattrdefname', 'name')}} all input 양식 컨트롤의 이름. 이름/값 짝(name/value pair)의 일부로서 양식과 함께 전송된다
{{anch('htmlattrdefpattern', 'pattern')}} password, text, tel value 가 유효하기 위해 일치해야 하는 패턴
{{anch('htmlattrdefplaceholder', 'placeholder')}} password, search, tel, text, url 양식 컨트롤이 비어있는 때 양식 컨트롤에 나타나는 내용
readonly almost all 불리언값. 이 값은 수정이 불가능함
required almost all 불리언값. 양식이 전송되기 위해서 반드시 입력하거나 확인이 필요한 값
{{anch('htmlattrdefsize', 'size')}} email, password, tel, text 컨트롤의 크기
{{anch('htmlattrdefsrc', 'src')}} image 이미지 출처의 주소에서 src 와 같은 속성
{{anch('htmlattrdefstep', 'step')}} numeric types 유효한 증분적인 (Incremental)값
{{anch('htmlattrdeftype', 'type')}} all input 양식 컨트롤의 유형
{{anch('htmlattrdefvalue', 'value')}} all 양식 컨트롤의 현재 값. 이름/값 짝(name/value pair)의 일부로서 양식과 함께 전송된다
{{anch('htmlattrdefwidth', 'width')}} image 이미지의  width 속성과 같다

A few additional non-standard attributes are listed following the descriptions of the standard attributes

개별 속성

{{htmlattrdef("accept")}}

Valid for the file input type only, the accept property defines which file types are selectable in a file upload control. See the {{HTMLElement("input/file", "file")}} input type.

{{htmlattrdef("alt")}}

Valid for the image button only, the alt attribute provides alternative text for the image, displaying the value of the attribute if the image {{anch("src")}} is missing or otherwise fails to load. See the {{HTMLElement("input/image", "image")}} input type.

{{htmlattrdef("autocomplete")}}

Not a Boolean attribute, the autocomplete attribute takes as its value a space separated string that describes what, if any, type of autocomplete functionality the input should provide. A typical implementation of autocomplete simply recalls previous values entered in the same input field, but more complex forms of autocomplete can exist. For instance, a browser could integrate with a device's contacts list to autocomplete email addresses in an email input field. See {{SectionOnPage("/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/autocomplete", "Values")}} for permitted values.

The autocomplete attribute is valid on hidden, text, search, url, tel, email, date, month, week, time, datetime-local, number, range, color and password. This attribute has no effect on input types that do not return numeric or text data, being valid for all input types except checkbox, radio, file, or any of the button types. See The HTML autocomplete attribute for additional information, including information on password security and how autocomplete is slightly different for hidden than for other input types.

{{htmlattrdef("autofocus")}}

A Boolean attribute which, if present, indicates that the input should automatically have focus when the page has finished loading (or when the {{HTMLElement("dialog")}} containing the element has been displayed).

Note: An element with the autofocus attribute may gain focus before the {{domxref("DOMContentLoaded")}} event is fired.

No more than one element in the document may have the autofocus attribute, and autofocus cannot be used on inputs of type hidden, because hidden inputs can't be focused. If put on more than one element, the first one with the attribute receives focus .

Warning: Automatically focusing a form control can confuse visually-impaired people using screen-reading technology and people with cognitive impairments. When autofocus is assigned, screen-readers "teleport" their user to the form control without warning them beforehand.

For better usability, avoid using autofocus. Automatically focusing on a form control can cause the page to scroll on load. The focus can also cause dynamic keyboards to display on some touch devices. While a screen reader will announce the label of the form control receiving focus, the screen reader will not announce anything before the label, and the sighted user on a small device will equally miss the context created by the preceding content.

{{htmlattrdef("capture")}}

Introduced in the HTML Media Capture specification and valid for the file input type only, the capture attribute defines which media - microphone, video, or camera - should be used to capture a new file for upload with file upload control in supporting scenarios. See the {{HTMLElement("input/file", "file")}} input type.

{{htmlattrdef("checked")}}

Valid for both radio and checkbox types, checked is a Boolean attribute. If present on a radio type, it indicates that that radio button is the currently selected one in the group of same-named radio buttons. If present on a checkbox type, it indicates that the checkbox is checked by default (when the page loads). It does not indicate whether this checkbox is currently checked: if the checkbox’s state is changed, this content attribute does not reflect the change. (Only the HTMLInputElement’s checked IDL attribute is updated.)

Note: Unlike other input controls, a checkboxes and radio buttons value are only included in the submitted data if they are currently checked. If they are, the name and the value(s) of the checked controls are submitted.

For example, if a checkbox whose name is fruit has a value of cherry, and the checkbox is checked, the form data submitted will include fruit=cherry. If the checkbox isn't active, it isn't listed in the form data at all. The default value for checkboxes and radio buttons is on.

{{htmlattrdef("dirname")}}

Valid for text and search input types only, the dirname attribute enables the submission of the directionality of the element. When included, the form control will submit with two name/value pairs: the first being the {{anch('name')}} and {{anch('value')}}, the second being the value of the dirname as the name with the value of ltr or rtl being set by the browser.

<form action="page.html" method="post">
  <label>Fruit: <input type="text" name="fruit" dirname="fruit.dir" value="cherry"></label>
  <input type="submit"/>
</form>
<!-- page.html?fruit=cherry&fruit.dir=ltr -->

When the form above is submitted, the input cause both the name / value pair of fruit=cherry and the dirname / direction pair of fruit.dir=ltr to be sent.

{{htmlattrdef("disabled")}}

A Boolean attribute which, if present, indicates that the user should not be able to interact with the input. Disabled inputs are typically rendered with a dimmer color or using some other form of indication that the field is not available for use.

Specifically, disabled inputs do not receive the {{event("click")}} event, and disabled inputs are not submitted with the form.

Note: Although not required by the specification, Firefox will by default persist the dynamic disabled state of an <input> across page loads. Use the {{htmlattrxref("autocomplete","input")}} attribute to control this feature.

{{htmlattrdef("form")}}

A string specifying the {{HTMLElement("form")}} element with which the input is associated (that is, its form owner). This string's value, if present, must match the {{htmlattrxref("id")}} of a <form> element in the same document. If this attribute isn't specified, the <input> element is associated with the nearest containing form, if any.

The form attribute lets you place an input anywhere in the document but have it included with a form elsewhere in the document.

Note: An input can only be associated with one form.

{{htmlattrdef('formaction')}}

Valid for the image and submit input types only. See the {{HTMLElement("input/submit", "submit")}} input type for more information.

{{htmlattrdef('formenctype')}}

Valid for the image and submit input types only. See the {{HTMLElement("input/submit", "submit")}} input type for more information.

{{htmlattrdef('formmethod')}}

Valid for the image and submit input types only. See the {{HTMLElement("input/submit", "submit")}} input type for more information.

{{htmlattrdef('formnovalidate')}}

Valid for the image and submit input types only. See the {{HTMLElement("input/submit", "submit")}} input type for more information.

{{htmlattrdef('formtarget')}}

Valid for the image and submit input types only. See the {{HTMLElement("input/submit", "submit")}} input type for more information.

{{htmlattrdef("height")}}

Valid for the image input button only, the height is the height of the image file to display to represent the graphical submit button. See the {{HTMLElement("input/image", "image")}} input type.

{{htmlattrdef("id")}}

Global attribute valid for all elements, including all the input types, it defines a unique identifier (ID) which must be unique in the whole document. Its purpose is to identify the element when linking. The value is used as the value of the {{htmlelement('label')}}'s for attribute to link the label with the form control. See the {{anch('the label element')}} below.

{{htmlattrdef("inputmode")}}

Global value valid for all elements, it provides a hint to browsers as to the type of virtual keyboard configuration to use when editing this element or its contents. Values include none
text, tel, url, email, numeric, decimal, and search

{{htmlattrdef("list")}}

The values of the list attribute is the {{domxref("Element.id", "id")}} of a {{HTMLElement("datalist")}} element located in the same document. The <datalist> provides a list of predefined values to suggest to the user for this input. Any values in the list that are not compatible with the {{htmlattrxref("type", "input")}} are not included in the suggested options. The values provided are suggestions, not requirements: users can select from this predefined list or provide a different value.

{{EmbedLiveSample("datalist",400,275,"","", "nobutton")}}

It is valid on text, search, url, tel, email, date, month, week, time, datetime-local, number, range, and color.Per the specifications, the list attribute is not supported by the hidden, password, checkbox, radio, file, or any of the button types.

Depending on the browser, the user may see a custom color palette suggested, tic marks along a range, or even a input that opens like a select but allows for non-listed values. Check out the browser compatibility table for the other input types.

See the {{htmlelement('datalist')}} element.

{{htmlattrdef("max")}}

Valid for date, month, week, time, datetime-local, number, and range, it defines the greatest value in the range of permitted values. If the {{htmlattrxref("value", "input")}} entered into the element exceeds this, the element fails constraint validation. If the value of the max attribute isn't a number, then the element has no maximum value.

{{htmlattrdef("maxlength")}}

Valid for text, search, url, tel, email, and password, it defines the maximum number of characters (as UTF-16 code units) the user can enter into the field. This must be an integer value 0 or higher. If no maxlength is specified, or an invalid value is specified, the field has no maximum length. This value must also be greater than or equal to the value of minlength.

The input will fail constraint validation if the length of the text entered into the field is greater than maxlength UTF-16 code units long. By default, browsers prevent users from entering more characters than allowed by the maxlength attribute. See {{anch("Client-side validation")}} for more information.

{{htmlattrdef("min")}}

Valid for date, month, week, time, datetime-local, number, and range, it defines the most negative value in the range of permitted values. If the {{htmlattrxref("value", "input")}} entered into the element is less than this this, the element fails constraint validation. If the value of the min attribute isn't a number, then the element has no minimum value.

This value must be less than or equal to the value of the max attribute. If the min attribute is present by is not specified or is invalid, no min value is applied. If the min attribute is valid and a non-empty value is less than the minimum allowed by the min attribute, constraint validation will prevent form submission. See {{anch("Client-side validation")}} for more information.

{{htmlattrdef("minlength")}}

Valid for text, search, url, tel, email, and password, it defines the minimum number of characters (as UTF-16 code units) the user can enter into the entry field. This must be an non-negative integer value smaller than or equal to the value specified by maxlength. If no minlength is specified, or an invalid value is specified, the input has no minimum length.

The input will fail constraint validation if the length of the text entered into the field is fewer than minlength UTF-16 code units long, preventing form submission. See {{anch("Client-side validation")}} for more information.

{{htmlattrdef("multiple")}}

The Boolean multiple attribute, if set, means the user can enter comma separated email addresses in the email widget or can choose more than one file with the file input. See the {{HTMLElement("input/email", "email")}} and {{HTMLElement("input/file", "file")}} input type.

{{htmlattrdef("name")}}

A string specifying a name for the input control. This name is submitted along with the control's value when the form data is submitted.

What's in a name

Consider the name a required attribute (even though it's not). If an input has no name specified, or name is empty, the input's value is not submitted with the form. (Disabled controls, unchecked radio buttons, unchecked checkboxes, and reset buttons are also not sent.)

There are two special cases:

  1. _charset_ : If used as the name of an <input> element of type hidden, the input's value is automatically set by the user agent to the character encoding being used to submit the form.
  2. isindex: For historical reasons, the name isindex is not allowed.
name and radio buttons

The {{anch('name')}} attribute creates a unique behavior for radio buttons.

Only one radio button in a same-named group of radio buttons can be checked at a time. Selecting any radio button in that group automatically deselects any currently-selected radio button in the same group. The value of that one checked radio button is sent along with the name if the form is submitted,

When tabbing into a series of same-named group of radio buttons, if one is checked, that one will receive focus. If they aren't grouped together in source order, if one of the group is checked, tabbing into the group starts when the first one in the group is encountered, skipping all those that aren't checked. In other words, if one is checked, tabbing skips the unchecked radio buttons in the group. If none are checked, the radio button group receives focus when the first button in the same name group is reached.

Once one of the radio buttons in a group has focus, using the arrow keys will navigate thru all the radio buttons of the same name, even if the radio buttons are not grouped together in the source order.

{{domxref("HTMLFormElement.elements")}}

When an input element is given a name, that name becomes a property of the owning form element's {{domxref("HTMLFormElement.elements")}} property. If you have an input whose name is set to guest and another whose name is hat-size, the following code can be used:

let form = document.querySelector("form");

let guestName = form.elements.guest;
let hatSize = form.elements["hat-size"];

When this code has run, guestName will be the {{domxref("HTMLInputElement")}} for the guest field, and hatSize the object for the hat-size field.

Warning: You should avoid giving form elements a name that corresponds to a built-in property of the form, since you would then override the predefined property or method with this reference to the corresponding input.

{{htmlattrdef("pattern")}}

The pattern attribute, when specified, is a regular expression that the input's {{htmlattrxref("value")}} must match in order for the value to pass constraint validation. It must be a valid JavaScript regular expression, as used by the {{jsxref("RegExp")}} type, and as documented in our guide on regular expressions; the 'u' flag is specified when compiling the regular expression, so that the pattern is treated as a sequence of Unicode code points, instead of as ASCII. No forward slashes should be specified around the pattern text.

If the pattern attribute is present but is not specified or is invalid, no regular expression is applied and this attribute is ignored completely. If the pattern attribute is valid and a non-empty value does not match the pattern, constraint validation will prevent form submission.

Tip: If using the pattern attribute, inform the user about the expected format by including explanatory text nearby. You can also include a {{htmlattrxref("title", "input")}} attribute to explain what the requirements are to match the pattern; most browsers will display this title as as a tooltip The visible explanation is required for accessibilty. The tooltip is an enhancement.

See {{anch("Client-side validation")}} for more information.

{{htmlattrdef("placeholder")}}

The placeholder attribute is a string that provides a brief hint to the user as to what kind of information is expected in the field. It should be a word or short phrase that demonstrates the expected type of data, rather than an explanatory message. The text must not include carriage returns or line feeds.

Note: The placeholder attribute is not as semantically useful as other ways to explain your form, and can cause unexpected technical issues with your content. See {{SectionOnPage("/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input", "Labels and placeholders")}} for more information.

{{htmlattrdef("readonly")}}

A Boolean attribute which, if present, indicates that the user should not be able to edit the value of the input. The readonly attribute is supported text, search, url, tel, email, date, month, week, time, datetime-local, number, and password input types.

See the HTML attribute: readonly for more information.

{{htmlattrdef("required")}}

required is a Boolean attribute which, if present, indicates that the user must specify a value for the input before the owning form can be submitted. The required attribute is supported text, search, url, tel, email, date, month, week, time, datetime-local, number, password, checkbox, radio, and file.

See {{anch("Client-side validation")}} and the HTML attribute: required for more information.

{{htmlattrdef("size")}}
Valid for email, password, tel, and text input types only. Specifies how much of the input is shown. Basically creates same result as setting CSS width property with a few specialities. The actual unit of the value depends on the input type. For password and text it's number of characters (or em units) and pixels for others. CSS width takes precedence over size attribute.
{{htmlattrdef("src")}}

Valid for the image input button only, the src is string specifying the URL of the image file to display to represent the graphical submit button. See the {{HTMLElement("input/image", "image")}} input type.

{{htmlattrdef("step")}}

Valid for the numeric input types, including number, date/time input types, and range, the step attribute is a number that specifies the granularity that the value must adhere to.

If not explicitly included, step defaults to 1 for number and range, and 1 unit type (second, week, month, day) for the date/time input types. The value can must be a positive number - integer or float -- or the special value any, which means no stepping is implied, and any value is allowed (barring other constraints, such as {{anch("min")}} and {{anch("max")}}).

If any is not explicity set, valid values for the number, date/time input types, and range input types are equal to the basis for stepping - the {{anch("min")}} value and increments of the step value, up to the {{anch("max")}} value, if specified. For example, if we have <input type="number" min="10" step="2"> any even integer, 10 or great, is valid. If omitted, <input type="number">, any integer is valid, but floats, like 4.2, are not valid, as step defaults to 1. For 4.2 to be valid, step would have had to be set to any, 0.1, 0.2, or any the min value would have had to be a number ending in .2, such as <input type="number" min="-5.2">

Note: When the data entered by the user doesn't adhere to the stepping configuration, the value is considered invalid in contraint validation and will match the :invalid pseudoclass

The default stepping value for number inputs is 1, allowing only integers to be entered, unless the stepping base is not an integer. The default stepping value for time is 1 second, with 900 being equal to 15 minutes.

See {{anch("Client-side validation")}} for more information.

{{htmlattrdef("tabindex")}}

Global attribute valid for all elements, including all the input types, an integer attribute indicating if the element can take input focus (is focusable), if it should participate to sequential keyboard navigation. As all input types except for input of type hidden are focusable, this attribute should not be used on form controls, because doing so would require the management of the focus order for all elements within the document with the risk of harming usability and accessibility if done incorrectly.

{{htmlattrdef('title')}}

Global attribute valid for all elements, including all input types, containing a text representing advisory information related to the element it belongs to. Such information can typically, but not necessarily, be presented to the user as a tooltip. The title should NOT be used as the primary explanation of the purpose of the form control. Instead, use the {{htmlelement('label')}} element with a for attribute set to the form control's {{htmlattrdef('id')}} attribute. See {{anch("Labels")}} below.

{{htmlattrdef("type")}}

A string specifying the type of control to render. For example, to create a checkbox, a value of checkbox is used. If omitted (or an unknown value is specified), the input type text is used, creating a plaintext input field.

Permitted values are listed in {{anch("<input> types")}} above.

{{htmlattrdef("value")}}

The input control's value. When specified in the HTML, this is the initial value, and from then on it can be altered or retrieved at any time using JavaScript to access the respective {{domxref("HTMLInputElement")}} object's value property. The value attribute is always optional, though should be considered mandatory for checkbox, radio, and hidden.

{{htmlattrdef("width")}}

Valid for the image input button only, the width is the width of the image file to display to represent the graphical submit button. See the {{HTMLElement("input/image", "image")}} input type.

Non-standard attributes

The following non-standard attributes are also available on some browsers. As a general rule, you should avoid using them unless it can't be helped.

Attribute Description
{{anch("autocorrect")}} A string indicating whether or not autocorrect is on or off. Safari only.
{{anch("incremental")}} Whether or not to send repeated {{event("search")}} events to allow updating live search results while the user is still editing the value of the field. WebKit and Blink only (Safari, Chrome, Opera, etc.).
{{anch("mozactionhint")}} A string indicating the type of action that will be taken when the user presses the Enter or Return key while editing the field; this is used to determine an appropriate label for that key on a virtual keyboard. Firefox for Android only.
{{anch("orient")}} Sets the orientation of the range slider. Firefox only.
{{anch("results")}} The maximum number of items that should be displayed in the drop-down list of previous search queries. Safari only.
{{anch("webkitdirectory")}} A Boolean indicating whether or not to only allow the user to choose a directory (or directories, if {{anch("multiple")}} is also present)
{{htmlattrdef("autocorrect")}} {{non-standard_inline}}
{{page("/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/text", "autocorrect-include")}}
{{htmlattrdef("incremental")}} {{non-standard_inline}}
{{page("/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/search", "incremental-include")}}
{{htmlattrdef("mozactionhint")}} {{non-standard_inline}}
{{page("/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/text", "mozactionhint-include")}}
{{htmlattrdef("orient")}} {{non-standard_inline}}
{{page("/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/range", "orient-include")}}
{{htmlattrdef("results")}} {{non-standard_inline}}
{{page("/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/search", "results-include")}}
{{htmlattrdef("webkitdirectory")}} {{non-standard_inline}}
{{page("/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input/file", "webkitdirectory-include")}}

예제

A simple input box

<!-- A basic input -->
<input type="text" name="input" value="Type here">

A common use-case scenario

<!-- A common form that includes input tags -->
<form action="getform.php" method="get">
    <label>First name: <input type="text" name="first_name" /></label><br />
    <label>Last name: <input type="text" name="last_name" /></label><br />
    <label>E-mail: <input type="email" name="user_email" /></label><br />
    <input type="submit" value="Submit" />
</form>

명세

명세 상태 주석
{{SpecName('HTML WHATWG', 'the-input-element.html#the-input-element', '<input>')}} {{Spec2('HTML WHATWG')}}
{{SpecName('HTML5 W3C', 'forms.html#the-input-element', '<input>')}} {{Spec2('HTML5 W3C')}}
{{SpecName('HTML4.01', 'interact/forms.html#h-17.4', '<form>')}} {{Spec2('HTML4.01')}}

브라우저 호환성

{{Compat("html.elements.input")}}