---
title: <th>
slug: Web/HTML/Element/th
tags:
  - HTML
  - 레퍼런스
  - 요소
  - 웹
  - 표
translation_of: Web/HTML/Element/th
---
<div>{{HTMLRef}}</div>

<p><span class="seoSummary">The <strong>HTML <code>&lt;th&gt;</code> element</strong> defines a cell as header of a group of table cells. The exact nature of this group is defined by the {{htmlattrxref("scope", "th")}} and {{htmlattrxref("headers", "th")}} attributes.</span></p>

<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/tabbed/th.html","tabbed-taller")}}</div>

<p class="hidden">The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone <a href="https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples">https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples </a> and send us a pull request.</p>

<table class="properties">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/HTML/Content_categories">Content categories</a></th>
   <td>None.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row">Permitted content</th>
   <td><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Guide/HTML/Content_categories#Flow_content">Flow content</a>, but with no header, footer, sectioning content, or heading content descendants.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row">Tag omission</th>
   <td>The start tag is mandatory.<br>
    The end tag may be omitted, if it is immediately followed by a {{HTMLElement("th")}} or {{HTMLElement("td")}} element or if there are no more data in its parent element.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row">Permitted parents</th>
   <td>A {{HTMLElement("tr")}} element.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row">Permitted ARIA roles</th>
   <td>Any</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row">DOM interface</th>
   <td>{{domxref("HTMLTableHeaderCellElement")}}</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="Attributes">Attributes</h2>

<p>This element includes the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes">global attributes</a>.</p>

<dl>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("abbr")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute contains a short abbreviated description of the cell's content. Some user-agents, such as speech readers, may present this description before the content itself.</dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("align")}} {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This enumerated attribute specifies how the cell content's horizontal alignment will be handled. Possible values are:
 <ul>
  <li><code>left</code>: The content is aligned to the left of the cell.</li>
  <li><code>center</code>: The content is centered in the cell.</li>
  <li><code>right</code>: The content is aligned to the right of the cell.</li>
  <li><code>justify</code> (with text only): The content is stretched out inside the cell so that it covers its entire width.</li>
  <li><code>char</code> (with text only): The content is aligned to a character inside the <code>&lt;th&gt;</code> element with minimal offset. This character is defined by the {{htmlattrxref("char", "th")}} and {{htmlattrxref("charoff", "th")}} attributes.</li>
 </ul>

 <p>The default value when this attribute is not specified is <code>left</code>.</p>

 <div class="note"><strong>Note: </strong>Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard.

 <ul>
  <li>To achieve the same effect as the <code>left</code>, <code>center</code>, <code>right</code> or <code>justify</code> values, apply the CSS {{cssxref("text-align")}} property to the element.</li>
  <li>To achieve the same effect as the <code>char</code> value, give the {{cssxref("text-align")}} property the same value you would use for the {{htmlattrxref("char", "th")}}. {{unimplemented_inline}} in CSS3.</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("axis")}} {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute contains a list of space-separated strings. Each string is the <code>id</code> of a group of cells that this header applies to.
 <div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard: use the {{htmlattrxref("scope", "th")}} attribute instead.</div>
 </dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("bgcolor")}} {{Non-standard_inline}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute defines the background color of each cell in a column. It consists of a 6-digit hexadecimal code as defined in <a href="https://www.w3.org/Graphics/Color/sRGB">sRGB</a> and is prefixed by '#'. This attribute may be used with one of sixteen predefined color strings:
 <table>
  <tbody>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: black; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>black</code> = "#000000"</td>
    <td style="background-color: green; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>green</code> = "#008000"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: silver; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>silver</code> = "#C0C0C0"</td>
    <td style="background-color: lime; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>lime</code> = "#00FF00"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: gray; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>gray</code> = "#808080"</td>
    <td style="background-color: olive; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>olive</code> = "#808000"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: white; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>white</code> = "#FFFFFF"</td>
    <td style="background-color: yellow; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>yellow</code> = "#FFFF00"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: maroon; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>maroon</code> = "#800000"</td>
    <td style="background-color: navy; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>navy</code> = "#000080"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: red; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>red</code> = "#FF0000"</td>
    <td style="background-color: blue; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>blue</code> = "#0000FF"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: purple; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>purple</code> = "#800080"</td>
    <td style="background-color: teal; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>teal</code> = "#008080"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: fuchsia; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>fuchsia</code> = "#FF00FF"</td>
    <td style="background-color: aqua; width: 24px; height: 24px; border: 1px solid black;"> </td>
    <td><code>aqua</code> = "#00FFFF"</td>
   </tr>
  </tbody>
 </table>

 <div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Do not use this attribute, as it is non-standard and only implemented in some versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer: The {{HTMLElement("th")}} element should be styled using <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS">CSS</a>. To create a similar effect use the {{cssxref("background-color")}} property in <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS">CSS</a> instead.</div>
 </dd>
</dl>

<dl>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("char")}} {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>The content in the cell element is aligned to a character. Typical values include a period (.) to align numbers or monetary values. If {{htmlattrxref("align", "th")}} is not set to <code>char</code>, this attribute is ignored.
 <div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard. To achieve the same effect, you can specify the character as the first value of the {{cssxref("text-align")}} property, {{unimplemented_inline}} in CSS3.</div>
 </dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("charoff")}} {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute is used to shift column data to the right of the character specified by the <strong>char</strong> attribute. Its value specifies the length of this shift.
 <div class="note"><strong>Note: </strong>Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard.</div>
 </dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("colspan")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute contains a non-negative integer value that indicates for how many columns the cell extends. Its default value is <code>1</code>. Values higher than 1000 will be considered as incorrect and will be set to the default value (1).</dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("headers")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute contains a list of space-separated strings, each corresponding to the <strong>id</strong> attribute of the {{HTMLElement("th")}} elements that apply to this element.</dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("height")}} {{Deprecated_inline("html 4")}}, {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute is used to define a recommended cell height.
 <div class="note"><strong>Note: </strong>Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard: use the CSS {{cssxref("height")}} property instead.</div>
 </dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("rowspan")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute contains a non-negative integer value that indicates for how many rows the cell extends. Its default value is <code>1</code>; if its value is set to <code>0</code>, it extends until the end of the table section ({{HTMLElement("thead")}}, {{HTMLElement("tbody")}}, {{HTMLElement("tfoot")}}, even if implicitly defined), that the cell belongs to. Values higher than 65534 are clipped down to 65534.</dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("scope")}}</dt>
 <dd>This enumerated attribute defines the cells that the header (defined in the {{HTMLElement("th")}}) element relates to. It may have the following values:
 <ul>
  <li><code>row</code>: The header relates to all cells of the row it belongs to.</li>
  <li><code>col</code>: The header relates to all cells of the column it belongs to.</li>
  <li><code>rowgroup</code>: The header belongs to a rowgroup and relates to all of its cells. These cells can be placed to the right or the left of the header, depending on the value of the <code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/dir">dir</a></code> attribute in the {{HTMLElement("table")}} element.</li>
  <li><code>colgroup</code>: The header belongs to a colgroup and relates to all of its cells.</li>
  <li><code>auto</code></li>
 </ul>

 <p>The default value when this attribute is not specified is <code>auto</code>.</p>
 </dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("valign")}} {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute specifies how a text is vertically aligned inside a cell. Possible values for this attribute are:
 <ul>
  <li><code>baseline</code>: Positions the text near the bottom of the cell and aligns it with the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseline_%28typography%29">baseline</a> of the characters instead of the bottom. If characters don't descend below the baseline, the baseline value achieves the same effect as <code>bottom</code>.</li>
  <li><code>bottom</code>: Positions the text near the bottom of the cell.</li>
  <li><code>middle</code>: Centers the text in the cell.</li>
  <li>and <code>top</code>: Positions the text near the top of the cell.</li>
 </ul>

 <div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard: use the CSS {{cssxref("vertical-align")}} property instead.</div>
 </dd>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("width")}} {{Deprecated_inline("html 4")}}, {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute is used to define a recommended cell width. Additional space can be added with the {{domxref("HTMLTableElement.cellSpacing", "cellspacing")}} and {{domxref("HTMLTableElement.cellPadding", "cellpadding")}} properties and the width of the {{HTMLElement("col")}} element can also create extra width. But, if a column's width is too narrow to show a particular cell properly, it will be widened when displayed.
 <div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete in the latest standard: use the CSS {{cssxref("width")}} property instead.</div>
 </dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>

<p>See {{HTMLElement("table")}} for examples on <code>&lt;th&gt;</code>.</p>

<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>

<table class="standard-table">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
   <th scope="col">Status</th>
   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('HTML WHATWG','tables.html#the-th-element','th element')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('HTML WHATWG')}}</td>
   <td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('HTML5 W3C','tabular-data.html#the-th-element','th element')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('HTML5 W3C')}}</td>
   <td> </td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>



<p>{{Compat("html.elements.th")}}</p>

<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>

<ul>
 <li>Other table-related HTML Elements: {{HTMLElement("caption")}}, {{HTMLElement("col")}}, {{HTMLElement("colgroup")}}, {{HTMLElement("table")}}, {{HTMLElement("tbody")}}, {{HTMLElement("td")}}, {{HTMLElement("tfoot")}}, {{HTMLElement("thead")}}, {{HTMLElement("tr")}}.</li>
</ul>