The switch statement evaluates an expression, matching the expression's value to a case clause, and executes statements associated with that case, as well as statements in cases that follow the matching case.
switch (expression) {
case value1:
//Statements executed when the
//result of expression matches value1
[break;]
case value2:
//Statements executed when the
//result of expression matches value2
[break;]
...
case valueN:
//Statements executed when the
//result of expression matches valueN
[break;]
[default:
//Statements executed when none of
//the values match the value of the expression
[break;]]
}
expressionexpressioncase valueN {{optional_inline}}case 절은 expression와 맞추어보는데 사용된다. 만약 expression 이 특정 valueN과 일치 된다면, switch statement 문이 끝나거나 break가 오떄까지 case 절 내부가 실행된다.default {{optional_inline}}default 절; 만약 있다면, 어떤 case의 절도 expression 값과 일치되지 않는다면, default 절이 실행된다.A switch statement first evaluates its expression. It then looks for the first case clause whose expression evaluates to the same value as the result of the input expression (using the strict comparison, ===) and transfers control to that clause, executing the associated statements. (If multiple cases match the provided value, the first case that matches is selected, even if the cases are not equal to each other.)
If no matching case clause is found, the program looks for the optional default clause, and if found, transfers control to that clause, executing the associated statements. If no default clause is found, the program continues execution at the statement following the end of switch. By convention, the default clause is the last clause, but it does not need to be so.
The optional break statement associated with each case label ensures that the program breaks out of switch once the matched statement is executed and continues execution at the statement following switch. If break is omitted, the program continues execution at the next statement in the switch statement.
switchIn the following example, if expr evaluates to "Bananas", the program matches the value with case "Bananas" and executes the associated statement. When break is encountered, the program breaks out of switch and executes the statement following switch. If break were omitted, the statement for case "Cherries" would also be executed.
switch (expr) {
case 'Oranges':
console.log('Oranges are $0.59 a pound.');
break;
case 'Apples':
console.log('Apples are $0.32 a pound.');
break;
case 'Bananas':
console.log('Bananas are $0.48 a pound.');
break;
case 'Cherries':
console.log('Cherries are $3.00 a pound.');
break;
case 'Mangoes':
case 'Papayas':
console.log('Mangoes and papayas are $2.79 a pound.');
break;
default:
console.log('Sorry, we are out of ' + expr + '.');
}
console.log("Is there anything else you'd like?");
If you forget a break then the script will run from the case where the criterion is met and will run the case after that regardless if criterion was met. See example here:
var foo = 0;
switch (foo) {
case -1:
console.log('negative 1');
break;
case 0: // foo is 0 so criteria met here so this block will run
console.log(0);
// NOTE: the forgotten break would have been here
case 1: // no break statement in 'case 0:' so this case will run as well
console.log(1);
break; // it encounters this break so will not continue into 'case 2:'
case 2:
console.log(2);
break;
default:
console.log('default');
}
Yes, you can! JavaScript will drop you back to the default if it can't find a match:
var foo = 5;
switch (foo) {
case 2:
console.log(2);
break; // it encounters this break so will not continue into 'default:'
default:
console.log('default')
// fall-through
case 1:
console.log('1');
}
It also works when you put default before all other cases.
Source for this technique is here:
Switch statement multiple cases in JavaScript (Stack Overflow)
This method takes advantage of the fact that if there is no break below a case statement it will continue to execute the next case statement regardless if the case meets the criteria. See the section titled "What happens if I forgot a break?"
This is an example of a single operation sequential switch statement, where four different values perform exactly the same.
var Animal = 'Giraffe';
switch (Animal) {
case 'Cow':
case 'Giraffe':
case 'Dog':
case 'Pig':
console.log('This animal will go on Noah\'s Ark.');
break;
case 'Dinosaur':
default:
console.log('This animal will not.');
}
This is an example of a multiple-operation sequential switch statement, where, depending on the provided integer, you can receive different output. This shows you that it will traverse in the order that you put the case statements, and it does not have to be numerically sequential. In JavaScript, you can even mix in definitions of strings into these case statements as well.
var foo = 1;
var output = 'Output: ';
switch (foo) {
case 0:
output += 'So ';
case 1:
output += 'What ';
output += 'Is ';
case 2:
output += 'Your ';
case 3:
output += 'Name';
case 4:
output += '?';
console.log(output);
break;
case 5:
output += '!';
console.log(output);
break;
default:
console.log('Please pick a number from 0 to 5!');
}
이 예제의 결과:
| Value | Log text |
|---|---|
| foo is NaN or not 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 0 | Please pick a number from 0 to 5! |
| 0 | Output: So What Is Your Name? |
| 1 | Output: What Is Your Name? |
| 2 | Output: Your Name? |
| 3 | Output: Name? |
| 4 | Output: ? |
| 5 | Output: ! |
switch statementsWith ECMAScript 2015 (ES6) support made available in most modern browsers, there will be cases where you would want to use let and const statements to declare block-scoped variables.
Take a look at this example:
const action = 'say_hello';
switch (action) {
case 'say_hello':
let message = 'hello';
console.log(message);
break;
case 'say_hi':
let message = 'hi';
console.log(message);
break;
default:
console.log('Empty action received.');
break;
}
This example will output the error Uncaught SyntaxError: Identifier 'message' has already been declared which you were not probably expecting.
This is because the first let message = 'hello'; conflicts with second let statement let message = 'hi'; even they're within their own separate case statements case 'say_hello': and case 'say_hi':; ultimately this is due to both let statements being interpreted as duplicate declarations of the same variable name within the same block scope.
We can easily fix this by wrapping our case statements with brackets:
const action = 'say_hello';
switch (action) {
case 'say_hello': { // added brackets
let message = 'hello';
console.log(message);
break;
} // added brackets
case 'say_hi': { // added brackets
let message = 'hi';
console.log(message);
break;
} // added brackets
default: { // added brackets
console.log('Empty action received.');
break;
} // added brackets
}
This code will now output hello in the console as it should, without any errors at all.
| 명세 | 상태 | 설명 |
|---|---|---|
| {{SpecName('ES3')}} | {{Spec2('ES3')}} | Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.2 |
| {{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-12.11', 'switch statement')}} | {{Spec2('ES5.1')}} | |
| {{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-switch-statement', 'switch statement')}} | {{Spec2('ES6')}} | |
| {{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-switch-statement', 'switch statement')}} | {{Spec2('ESDraft')}} |
{{Compat("javascript.statements.switch")}}