Um script de conteúdo é uma parte da sua extensão que é executada no contexto de uma determinada página da Web (em oposição aos scripts de segundo plano que são parte da própria extensão, ou scripts que são parte do próprio site da Web, tal como aqueles carregados utilizando o {{HTMLElement("script")}} elemento.
Background scripts can access all the WebExtension JavaScript APIs, but they can't directly access the content of web pages. So if your extension needs to do that, you need content scripts.
Just like the scripts loaded by normal web pages, content scripts can read and modify the content of their pages using the standard DOM APIs.
Content scripts can only access a small subset of the WebExtension APIs, but they can communicate with background scripts using a messaging system, and thereby indirectly access the WebExtension APIs.
Note that content scripts are blocked on the following domains: accounts-static.cdn.mozilla.net, accounts.firefox.com, addons.cdn.mozilla.net, addons.mozilla.org, api.accounts.firefox.com, content.cdn.mozilla.net, content.cdn.mozilla.net, discovery.addons.mozilla.org, input.mozilla.org, install.mozilla.org, oauth.accounts.firefox.com, profile.accounts.firefox.com, support.mozilla.org, sync.services.mozilla.com, and testpilot.firefox.com. If you try to inject a content script into a page in these domains, it will fail and the page will log a CSP error.
As these restrictions include addons.mozilla.org, users may attempt to use your extension immediately after installation and find it doesn't work. You may want to add an appropriate warning or an onboarding page that moves users away from addons.mozilla.org.
Values added to the global scope of a content script with var foo or window.foo = "bar" may disappear due to bug 1408996.
You can load a content script into a web page in one of three ways:
content_scripts key in your manifest.json, you can ask the browser to load a content script whenever the browser loads a page whose URL matches a given pattern.tabs.executeScript() API, you can load a content script into a specific tab whenever you want: for example, in response to the user clicking on a browser action.There is only one global scope per frame per extension, so variables from one content script can directly be accessed by another content script, regardless of how the content script was loaded.
Using methods (1) and (2) you can only load scripts into pages whose URLs can be represented using a match pattern. Using method (3), you can also load scripts into pages packaged with your extension, but you can't load scripts into privileged browser pages like "about:debugging" or "about:addons".
Content scripts can access and modify the page's DOM, just like normal page scripts can. They can also see any changes that were made to the DOM by page scripts.
However, content scripts get a "clean view of the DOM". This means:
In Firefox, this behavior is called Xray vision.
For example, consider a web page like this:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
</head>
<body>
<script src="page-scripts/page-script.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
The script "page-script.js" does this:
// page-script.js
// add a new element to the DOM
var p = document.createElement("p");
p.textContent = "This paragraph was added by a page script.";
p.setAttribute("id", "page-script-para");
document.body.appendChild(p);
// define a new property on the window
window.foo = "This global variable was added by a page script";
// redefine the built-in window.confirm() function
window.confirm = function() {
alert("The page script has also redefined 'confirm'");
}
Now an extension injects a content script into the page:
// content-script.js
// can access and modify the DOM
var pageScriptPara = document.getElementById("page-script-para");
pageScriptPara.style.backgroundColor = "blue";
// can't see page-script-added properties
console.log(window.foo); // undefined
// sees the original form of redefined properties
window.confirm("Are you sure?"); // calls the original window.confirm()
The same is true in reverse: page scripts can't see JavaScript properties added by content scripts.
All this means that the content script can rely on DOM properties behaving predictably, and doesn't have to worry about variables it defines clashing with variables defined in the page script.
One practical consequence of this behavior is that a content script won't have access to any JavaScript libraries loaded by the page. So for example, if the page includes jQuery, the content script won't be able to see it.
If a content script does want to use a JavaScript library, then the library itself should be injected as a content script alongside the content script that wants to use it:
"content_scripts": [
{
"matches": ["*://*.mozilla.org/*"],
"js": ["jquery.js", "content-script.js"]
}
]
Note that Firefox provides some APIs that enable content scripts to access JavaScript objects created by page scripts and to expose their own JavaScript objects to page scripts. See Sharing objects with page scripts for more details.
In addition to the standard DOM APIs, content scripts can use the following WebExtension APIs:
From extension:
From runtime:
From i18n:
From menus:
Everything from storage.
Content scripts can make requests using the normal window.XMLHttpRequest and window.fetch() APIs.
Content scripts get the same cross-domain privileges as the rest of the extension: so if the extension has requested cross-domain access for a domain using the permissions key in manifest.json, then its content scripts get access that domain as well.
This is accomplished by exposing more privileged XHR and fetch instances in the content script, which has the side-effect of not setting the Origin and Referer headers like a request from the page itself would, this is often preferable to prevent the request from revealing its cross-orign nature. From version 58 onwards extensions that need to perform requests that behave as if they were sent by the content itself can use content.XMLHttpRequest and content.fetch() instead. For cross-browser extensions their presence must be feature-detected.
Although content scripts can't directly use most of the WebExtension APIs, they can communicate with the extension's background scripts using the messaging APIs, and can therefore indirectly access all the same APIs that the background scripts can.
There are two basic patterns for communicating between the background scripts and content scripts: you can send one-off messages, with an optional response, or you can set up a longer-lived connection between the two sides, and use that connection to exchange messages.
To send one-off messages, with an optional response, you can use the following APIs:
| In content script | In background script | |
|---|---|---|
| Send a message | browser.runtime.sendMessage() |
browser.tabs.sendMessage() |
| Receive a message | browser.runtime.onMessage |
browser.runtime.onMessage |
For example, here's a content script which listens for click events in the web page. If the click was on a link, it messages the background page with the target URL:
// content-script.js
window.addEventListener("click", notifyExtension);
function notifyExtension(e) {
if (e.target.tagName != "A") {
return;
}
browser.runtime.sendMessage({"url": e.target.href});
}
The background script listens for these messages and displays a notification using the notifications API:
// background-script.js
browser.runtime.onMessage.addListener(notify);
function notify(message) {
browser.notifications.create({
"type": "basic",
"iconUrl": browser.extension.getURL("link.png"),
"title": "You clicked a link!",
"message": message.url
});
}
This example code is lightly adapted from the notify-link-clicks-i18n example on GitHub.
Sending one-off messages can get cumbersome if you are exchanging a lot of messages between a background script and a content script. So an alternative pattern is to establish a longer-lived connection between the two contexts, and use this connection to exchange messages.
Each side has a runtime.Port object, which they can use to exchange messages.
To create the connection:
runtime.onConnecttabs.connect() (if connecting to a content script) or runtime.connect() (if connecting to a background script). This returns a runtime.Port object.runtime.onConnect listener gets passed its own runtime.Port object.Once each side has a port, the two sides can exchange messages using runtime.Port.postMessage() to send a message, and runtime.Port.onMessage to receive messages.
For example, as soon as it loads, this content script:
Port in a variable myPortmyPort, and logs themmyPort, when the user clicks the document// content-script.js
var myPort = browser.runtime.connect({name:"port-from-cs"});
myPort.postMessage({greeting: "hello from content script"});
myPort.onMessage.addListener(function(m) {
console.log("In content script, received message from background script: ");
console.log(m.greeting);
});
document.body.addEventListener("click", function() {
myPort.postMessage({greeting: "they clicked the page!"});
});
The corresponding background script:
portFromCSportFromCS, when the user clicks the extension's browser action// background-script.js
var portFromCS;
function connected(p) {
portFromCS = p;
portFromCS.postMessage({greeting: "hi there content script!"});
portFromCS.onMessage.addListener(function(m) {
console.log("In background script, received message from content script")
console.log(m.greeting);
});
}
browser.runtime.onConnect.addListener(connected);
browser.browserAction.onClicked.addListener(function() {
portFromCS.postMessage({greeting: "they clicked the button!"});
});
If you have multiple content scripts communicating at the same time, you might want to store each connection in an array.
// background-script.js
var ports = []
function connected(p) {
ports[p.sender.tab.id] = p
//...
}
browser.runtime.onConnect.addListener(connected)
browser.browserAction.onClicked.addListener(function() {
ports.forEach(p => {
p.postMessage({greeting: "they clicked the button!"})
})
});
Although content scripts don't by default get access to objects created by page scripts, they can communicate with page scripts using the DOM window.postMessage and window.addEventListener APIs.
For example:
// page-script.js
var messenger = document.getElementById("from-page-script");
messenger.addEventListener("click", messageContentScript);
function messageContentScript() {
window.postMessage({
direction: "from-page-script",
message: "Message from the page"
}, "*");
// content-script.js
window.addEventListener("message", function(event) {
if (event.source == window &&
event.data &&
event.data.direction == "from-page-script") {
alert("Content script received message: \"" + event.data.message + "\"");
}
});
For a complete working example of this, visit the demo page on GitHub and follow the instructions.
Note that any time you interact with untrusted web content on this way, you need to be very careful. Extensions are privileged code which can have powerful capabilities, and hostile web pages can easily trick them into accessing those capabilities.
To make a trivial example, suppose the content script code that receives the message does something like this:
// content-script.js
window.addEventListener("message", function(event) {
if (event.source == window &&
event.data.direction &&
event.data.direction == "from-page-script") {
eval(event.data.message);
}
});
Now the page script can run any code with all the privileges of the content script.
In Chrome, eval() always runs code in the context of the content script, not in the context of the page.
In Firefox:
eval(), it runs code in the context of the content scriptwindow.eval(), it runs code in the context of the page.For example, consider a content script like this:
// content-script.js
window.eval('window.x = 1;');
eval('window.y = 2');
console.log(`In content script, window.x: ${window.x}`);
console.log(`In content script, window.y: ${window.y}`);
window.postMessage({
message: "check"
}, "*");
This code just creates some variables x and y using window.eval() and eval(), then logs their values, then messages the page.
On receiving the message, the page script logs the same variables:
window.addEventListener("message", function(event) {
if (event.source === window && event.data && event.data.message === "check") {
console.log(`In page script, window.x: ${window.x}`);
console.log(`In page script, window.y: ${window.y}`);
}
});
In Chrome, this will produce output like this:
In content script, window.x: 1 In content script, window.y: 2 In page script, window.x: undefined In page script, window.y: undefined
In Firefox the following output is produced:
In content script, window.x: undefined In content script, window.y: 2 In page script, window.x: 1 In page script, window.y: undefined
The same applies to setTimeout(), setInterval(), and Function().
When running code in the context of the page, be very careful. The page's environment is controlled by potentially malicious web pages, which can redefine objects you interact with to behave in unexpected ways:
// page.js redefines console.log
var original = console.log;
console.log = function() {
original(true);
}
// content-script.js calls the redefined version
window.eval('console.log(false)');