Window 接口的 open() 方法，是用指定的名称将指定的资源加载到浏览器上下文（窗口 window ，内嵌框架 iframe 或者标签 tab ）。如果没有指定名称，则一个新的窗口会被打开并且指定的资源会被加载进这个窗口的浏览器上下文中。
let windowObjectReference = window.open(strUrl, strWindowName, [strWindowFeatures]);strUrl === 要在新打开的窗口中加载的URL。
strWindowName === 新窗口的名称。
strWindowFeatures === 一个可选参数，列出新窗口的特征(大小，位置，滚动条等)作为一个{{domxref("DOMString")}}。
WindowObjectReferencenull 。如果父子窗口满足“同源策略”，你可以通过这个引用访问新窗口的属性或方法。strUrlstrWindowNamestrWindowFeaturesopen() 方法，创建一个新的浏览器窗口对象，如同使用文件菜单中的新窗口命令一样。strUrl 参数指定了该窗口将会打开的地址。如果strUrl 是一个空值，那么打开的窗口将会是带有默认工具栏的空白窗口（加载about:blank）。
注意：调用window.open()方法以后，远程 URL 不会被立即载入，载入过程是异步的。（实际加载这个URL的时间推迟到当前脚本块执行结束之后。窗口的创建和相关资源的加载异步地进行。）
let windowObjectReference;
let strWindowFeatures = `
menubar=yes,
location=yes,
resizable=yes,
scrollbars=yes,
status=yes
`;
function openRequestedPopup() {
windowObjectReference =
window.open(
"http://www.cnn.com/",
"CNN_WindowName",
strWindowFeatures
);
}let WindowObjectReference;
const openRequestedPopup = () => {
windowObjectReference = window.open(
"https://www.domainname.ext/path/ImageFile.png",
"DescriptiveWindowName",
"resizable,scrollbars,status"
);
}
如果已经存在以 strWindowName 为名称的窗口，则不再打开一个新窗口，而是把 strUrl 加载到这个窗口中。在这种情况下，方法的返回值是这个已经打开的窗口，并忽略参数 strWindowFeatures 。strUrl设为空字符串时，可以在不改变窗口地址的情况下获得一个已经打开的同名窗口的引用。如果要在每次调用 window.open()时都打开一个新窗口，则要把参数 strWindowName 设置为 _blank。
strWindowFeatures 是一个可选的字符串，包含了新窗口的一组用逗号分割的特性，在窗口打开之后，就不能用JavaScript改变窗口的功能和工具栏的设置。如果名称是 strWindowName 的窗口不存在并且又没有提供 strWindowFeatures 参数（或者 strWindowFeatures 参数为空字符串），则子窗口以父窗口默认的工具栏渲染。
如果 strWindowFeatures 参数中没有定义窗口大小，则新窗口的尺寸跟最近渲染的窗口尺寸一样。
如果 strWindowFeatures 参数中没有定义窗口位置，则新窗口显示在最近渲染的窗口的坐标偏移22个像素的位置。这种新窗口偏移量的做法被浏览器开发商广泛地实现（MSIE 6 SP2在默认主题下的偏移量是29个像素），目的是提醒用户注意有新的窗口打开。如果最近使用的窗口是最大化的，则没有这22像素的偏移，新（子）窗口也会被最大化。
如果你定义了 strWindowFeatures 参数，那么没有在这个字符串中列出的特性会被禁用或移除 （除了 titlebar 和 close 默认设置为yes）
提示: 如果你使用了 strWindowFeatures 参数，那么只需要列出新窗口中启用的特性，其它的特性（除了titlebar和close）将被禁用或移除。
Note on position and dimension error correction
, 
, 
, 
, 
, 
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , dom.disable_window_open_feature.menubar to true in about:config or in their user.js file., , , , dom.disable_window_open_feature.toolbar to true in about:config or in their user.js file., , , , dom.disable_window_open_feature.location to true in about:config or in their user.js file. {{Fx_minversion_note(3, "In Firefox 3, dom.disable_window_open_feature.location now defaults to true, forcing the presence of the Location Bar much like in IE7. See bug 337344 for more information.")}}, , , , , dom.disable_window_open_feature.personalbar to true in about:config or in their user.js file., , , , , , , 
showModelessDialog() method., , , 
The dialog feature removes all icons (restore, minimize, maximize) from the window's titlebar, leaving only the close button. Mozilla 1.2+ and Netscape 7.1 will render the other menu system commands (in FF 1.0 and in NS 7.0x, the command system menu is not identified with the Firefox/NS 7.0x icon on the left end of the titlebar: that's probably a bug. You can access the command system menu with a right-click on the titlebar). Dialog windows are windows which have no minimize system command icon and no maximize/restore down system command icon on the titlebar nor in correspondent menu item in the command system menu. They are said to be dialog because their normal, usual purpose is to only notify info and to be dismissed, closed. On Mac systems, dialog windows have a different window border and they may get turned into a sheet., , , dialog=yes. If minimizable is on, the new dialog window will have a minimize system command icon in the titlebar and it will be minimizable. Any non-dialog window is always minimizable and minimizable=no will be ignored., , , fullscreen always upsets users with large monitor screen or with dual monitor screen. Forcing fullscreen onto other users is also extremely unpopular and is considered an outright rude attempt to impose web author's viewing preferences onto users.fullscreen does not really work in MSIE 6 SP2.Starting with Firefox 3, secondary windows are always resizable ({{Bug(177838)}})
Tip: For accessibility reasons, it is strongly recommended to set this feature always on
dom.disable_window_open_feature.resizable, , , , Tip: For accessibility reasons, it is strongly encouraged to set this feature always on.
dom.disable_window_open_feature.scrollbars, , , , The following features require the UniversalBrowserWrite privilege, otherwise they will be ignored. Chrome scripts have this privilege automatically, others have to request it from the PrivilegeManager.
UniversalBrowserWrite privilege ({{Bug(244965)}}). Without this privilege, it is ignored., , , UniversalBrowserWrite privilege ({{Bug(180048)}}). Without this privilege, it is ignored.Note: As of {{Gecko("1.9")}}, the Internet Explorer equivalent to this feature is the {{domxref("window.showModalDialog()")}} method. For compatibility reasons, it's now supported in Firefox. Note also that starting in {{Gecko("2.0")}}, you can use {{domxref("window.showModalDialog()")}} without UniversalBrowserWrite privileges.
, , , dom.disable_window_open_feature.titlebar, , , , , , , , , alwaysLowered.dialog feature set). close=no will override minimizable=yes.dom.disable_window_open_feature.close, , , The position and size feature elements require a number to be set. The toolbars and window functionalities can be set with a yes or no; you can use 1 instead of yes and 0 instead of no. The toolbar and functionality feature elements also accept the shorthand form: you can turn a feature on by simply listing the feature name in the features string. If you supply the features parameter, then the titlebar and close are still yes by default, but the other features which have a yes/no choice will be no by default and will be turned off.
Example:
var windowObjectReference; // global variable
function openRequestedPopup() {
windowObjectReference = window.open(
"http://www.domainname.ext/path/ImgFile.png",
"DescriptiveWindowName",
"width=420,height=230,resizable,scrollbars=yes,status=1"
);
}In this example, the window will be resizable, it will render scrollbar(s) if needed, if the content overflows requested window dimensions and it will render the status bar. It will not render the menubar nor the location bar. Since the author knew about the size of the image (400 pixels wide and 200 pixels high), he added the margins applied to the root element in MSIE 6 which is 15 pixels for top margin, 15 pixels for the bottom margin, 10 pixels for the left margin and 10 pixels for the right margin.
<script type="text/javascript">
var windowObjectReference = null; // global variable
function openFFPromotionPopup() {
if(windowObjectReference == null || windowObjectReference.closed)
/* if the pointer to the window object in memory does not exist
or if such pointer exists but the window was closed */
{
windowObjectReference = window.open("http://www.spreadfirefox.com/",
"PromoteFirefoxWindowName", "resizable,scrollbars,status");
/* then create it. The new window will be created and
will be brought on top of any other window. */
}
else
{
windowObjectReference.focus();
/* else the window reference must exist and the window
is not closed; therefore, we can bring it back on top of any other
window with the focus() method. There would be no need to re-create
the window or to reload the referenced resource. */
};
}
</script>
(...)
<p><a
href="http://www.spreadfirefox.com/"
target="PromoteFirefoxWindowName"
onclick="openFFPromotionPopup(); return false;"
title="This link will create a new window or will re-use an already opened one"
>Promote Firefox adoption</a></p>The above code solves a few usability problems related to links opening secondary window. The purpose of the return false in the code is to cancel default action of the link: if the onclick event handler is executed, then there is no need to execute the default action of the link. But if javascript support is disabled or non-existent on the user's browser, then the onclick event handler is ignored and the browser loads the referenced resource in the target frame or window that has the name "PromoteFirefoxWindowName". If no frame nor window has the name "PromoteFirefoxWindowName", then the browser will create a new window and will name it "PromoteFirefoxWindowName".
More reading on the use of the target attribute:
HTML 4.01 Target attribute specifications
How do I create a link that opens a new window?
You can also parameterize the function to make it versatile, functional in more situations, therefore re-usable in scripts and webpages:
<script type="text/javascript">
var windowObjectReference = null; // global variable
function openRequestedPopup(strUrl, strWindowName) {
if(windowObjectReference == null || windowObjectReference.closed) {
windowObjectReference = window.open(strUrl, strWindowName,
"resizable,scrollbars,status");
} else {
windowObjectReference.focus();
};
}
</script>
(...)
<p><a
href="http://www.spreadfirefox.com/"
target="PromoteFirefoxWindow"
onclick="openRequestedPopup(this.href, this.target); return false;"
title="This link will create a new window or will re-use an already opened one"
>Promote Firefox adoption</a></p>
You can also make such function able to open only 1 secondary window and to reuse such single secondary window for other links in this manner:
<script type="text/javascript">
var windowObjectReference = null; // global variable
var PreviousUrl; /* global variable which will store the
url currently in the secondary window */
function openRequestedSinglePopup(strUrl) {
if(windowObjectReference == null || windowObjectReference.closed) {
windowObjectReference = window.open(strUrl, "SingleSecondaryWindowName",
"resizable,scrollbars,status");
} else if(PreviousUrl != strUrl) {
windowObjectReference = window.open(strUrl, "SingleSecondaryWindowName",
"resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,status=yes");
/* if the resource to load is different,
then we load it in the already opened secondary window and then
we bring such window back on top/in front of its parent window. */
windowObjectReference.focus();
} else {
windowObjectReference.focus();
};
PreviousUrl = strUrl;
/* explanation: we store the current url in order to compare url
in the event of another call of this function. */
}
</script>
(...)
<p><a
href="http://www.spreadfirefox.com/"
target="SingleSecondaryWindowName"
onclick="openRequestedSinglePopup(this.href); return false;"
title="This link will create a new window or will re-use an already opened one"
>Promote Firefox adoption</a></p>
<p><a
href="http://www.mozilla.org/support/firefox/faq"
target="SingleSecondaryWindowName"
onclick="openRequestedSinglePopup(this.href); return false;"
title="This link will create a new window or will re-use an already opened one"
>Firefox FAQ</a></p>
"Scripts may not close windows that were not opened by script." Otherwise the history of URLs visited during the browser session would be lost.about:config. Since your users are the ones who are supposed to use such windows (and not you, being the web author), the best is to avoid interfering with their habits and preferences. We recommend to always set the resizability and scrollbars presence (if needed) to yes to insure accessibility to content and usability of windows. This is in the best interests of both the web author and the users.Edit/Preferences/Advanced/Scripts & Plug-ins/Allow Scripts to/ Move or resize existing windows checkbox in Mozilla or Tools/Options.../Content tab/Enable Javascript/Advanced button/Move or resize existing windows checkbox in Firefox or by setting dom.disable_window_move_resize to true in about:config or by editing accordingly their user.js file.Move or resize existing windows checkbox. Moving and resizing a window remotely on the user's screen via script will very often annoy the users, will disorient the user, and will be wrong at best. The web author expects to have full control of (and can decide about) every position and size aspects of the users' browser window ... which is simply not true.window.open(): it will be null if the window wasn't allowed to open. However, for most other popup blockers, there is no reliable way.window.open() method gives a main window a reference to a secondary window; the opener property gives a secondary window a reference to its main window.window.open()Generally speaking, it is preferable to avoid resorting to window.open() for several reasons:
If you want to offer to open a link in a new window, then follow tested and recommendable usability and accessibility guidelines:
<a href="javascript:window.open(...)" ...>"javascript:" links break accessibility and usability of webpages in every browser.
Further reading:
<a href="#" onclick="window.open(...);">Such pseudo-link also breaks accessibility of links. Always use a real URL for the href attribute value so that if javascript support is disabled or inexistent or if the user agent does not support opening of secondary window (like MS-Web TV, text browsers, etc), then such user agents will still be able to load the referenced resource according to its default mode of opening/handling a referenced resource. This form of code also interferes with advanced features in tab-capable browsers: eg. middle-click on links, Ctrl+click on links, Ctrl+Enter on links, "mouse gestures" features.
Identify links that will open new windows in a way that helps navigation for users by coding the title attribute of the link, by adding an icon at the end of the link or by coding the cursor accordingly.
The purpose is to warn users in advance of context changes to minimize confusion on the user's part: changing the current window or popping up new windows can be very disorienting to users (Back toolbar button is disabled).
"Users often don't notice that a new window has opened, especially if they are using a small monitor where the windows are maximized to fill up the screen. So a user who tries to return to the origin will be confused by a grayed out Back button."
quote from The Top Ten New Mistakes of Web Design: 2. Opening New Browser Windows, Jakob Nielsen, May 1999
When extreme changes in context are explicitly identified before they occur, then the users can determine if they wish to proceed or so they can be prepared for the change: not only they will not be confused or feel disoriented, but more experienced users can better decide how to open such links (in a new window or not, in the same window, in a new tab or not, in "background" or not).
References
| Example "New Window" Icons & Cursors | |||
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If javascript support is disabled or non-existent, then the user agent will create a secondary window accordingly or will render the referenced resource according to its handling of the target attribute: e.g. some user agents which can not create new windows, like MS Web TV, will fetch the referenced resource and append it at the end of the current document. The goal and the idea is to try to provide - not impose - to the user a way to open the referenced resource, a mode of opening the link. Your code should not interfere with the features of the browser at the disposal of the user and your code should not interfere with the final decision resting with the user.
target="_blank"Always provide a meaningful name to your target attribute and try to reuse such target attribute in your page so that a click on another link may load the referenced resource in an already created and rendered window (therefore speeding up the process for the user) and therefore justifying the reason (and user system resources, time spent) for creating a secondary window in the first place. Using a single target attribute value and reusing it in links is much more user resources friendly as it only creates one single secondary window which is recycled. On the other hand, using "_blank" as the target attribute value will create several new and unnamed windows on the user's desktop which can not be recycled, reused. In any case, if your code is well done, it should not interfere with the user's final choice but rather merely offer him more choices, more ways to open links and more power to the tool he's using (a browser).
HTML5. See http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/browsers.html#dom-open for details.
In cases where left and screenX (and/or top and screenY) have conflicting values, then left and top have precedence over screenX and screenY respectively. If left and screenX (and/or top and screenY) are defined in the features list, then left (and/or top) will be honored and rendered. In the following example the new window will be positioned at 100 pixels from the left side of the work area for applications of the user's operating system, not at 200 pixels.
windowObjectReference = window.open(
"http://news.bbc.co.uk/",
"BBCWorldNewsWindowName",
"left=100,screenX=200,resizable,scrollbars,status"
);If left is set but top has no value and screenY has a value, then left and screenY will be the coordinate positioning values of the secondary window.
outerWidth has precedence over width and width has precedence over innerWidth. outerHeight has precedence over height and height has precedence over innerHeight. In the following example, Mozilla-browsers will create a new window with an outerWidth of 600 pixels wide and will ignore the request of a width of 500 pixels and will also ignore the request of an innerWidth of 400 pixels.
windowObjectReference = window.open(
"http://www.wwf.org/",
"WWildlifeOrgWindowName",
"outerWidth=600,width=500,innerWidth=400,resizable,scrollbars,status"
);Requested position and requested dimension values in the features list will not be honored and will be corrected if any of such requested value does not allow the entire browser window to be rendered within the work area for applications of the user's operating system. No part of the new window can be initially positioned offscreen. This is by default in all Mozilla-based browser releases.
MSIE 6 SP2 has a similar error correction mechanism but it is not activated by default in all security levels: a security setting can disable such error correction mechanism.
When content overflows window viewport dimensions, then scrollbar(s) (or some scrolling mechanism) are necessary to ensure that content can be accessed by users. Content can overflow window dimensions for several reasons which are outside the control of web authors:
You should assume that a large majority of users' browsers will have the status bar or that a large majority of users will want to force the status bar presence: best is to always set this feature to yes. Also, if you specifically request to remove the status bar, then Firefox users will not be able to view the Site Navigation toolbar if it is installed. In Mozilla and in Firefox, all windows with a status bar have a window resizing grippy at its right-most side. The status bar also provides info on http connection, hypertext resource location, download progress bar, encryption/secure connection info with SSL connection (displaying a yellow padlock icon), internet/security zone icons, privacy policy/cookie icon, etc. Removing the status bar usually removes a lot of functionality, features and information considered useful (and sometimes vital) by the users.
In MSIE 6 for XP SP2: For windows opened using window.open():
"For windows opened using window.open():
Expect the status bar to be present, and code for it. The status bar will be on by default and is 20-25 pixels in height. (...)"
quote from Fine-Tune Your Web Site for Windows XP Service Pack 2, Browser Window Restrictions in XP SP2
"(...) windows that are created using the window.open() method can be called by scripts and used to spoof a user interface or desktop or to hide malicious information or activity by sizing the window so that the status bar is not visible.
Internet Explorer windows provide visible security information to the user to help them ascertain the source of the Web page and the security of the communication with that page. When these elements are not in view, the user might think they are on a more trusted page or interacting with a system process when they are actually interacting with a malicious host. (...)
Script-initiated windows will be displayed fully, with the Internet Explorer title bar and status bar. (...)
Script management of Internet Explorer status bar
Detailed description
Internet Explorer has been modified to not turn off the status bar for any windows. The status bar is always visible for all Internet Explorer windows. (...) Without this change, windows that are created using the window.open() method can be called by scripts and spoof a user interface or desktop or hide malicious information or activity by hiding important elements of the user interface from the user.
The status bar is a security feature of Internet Explorer windows that provides Internet Explorer security zone information to the user. This zone cannot be spoofed (...)"
quote from Changes to Functionality in Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack 2, Internet Explorer Window Restrictions
In MSIE 6 for XP SP2:
References:
If the strWindowName parameter is omitted, a new window or tab is opened. If a window with the same name already exists, the existing window is refreshed.
//Always opens a new window/tab
window.open("map.php");
//Refreshes an existing window/tab that was opened with the same name, if one exists
window.open("map.php", "BiggerMap");