--- title: animation slug: Web/CSS/animation tags: - CSS - CSS Animations - CSS Property - CSS3 动画 - Reference translation_of: Web/CSS/animation --- <div>{{CSSRef}}</div> <p><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/CSS">CSS</a> <strong>animation</strong> 属性是 {{cssxref("animation-name")}},{{cssxref("animation-duration")}}, {{cssxref("animation-timing-function")}},{{cssxref("animation-delay")}},{{cssxref("animation-iteration-count")}},{{cssxref("animation-direction")}},{{cssxref("animation-fill-mode")}} 和 {{cssxref("animation-play-state")}} 属性的一个简写属性形式。</p> <p>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/css/animation.html")}}</p> <pre class="brush: css">/* @keyframes duration | timing-function | delay | iteration-count | direction | fill-mode | play-state | name */ animation: 3s ease-in 1s 2 reverse both paused slidein; /* @keyframes duration | timing-function | delay | name */ animation: 3s linear 1s slidein; /* @keyframes duration | name */ animation: 3s slidein;</pre> <div class="hidden" id="animation"> <pre class="brush: html"><div class="grid"> <div class="col"> <div class="note"> Given the following animation: <pre>@keyframes slidein { from { transform: scaleX(0); } to { transform: scaleX(1); } }</pre> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="cell"> <button class="play" title="PLAY"></button> </div> <div class="cell flx"> <div class="overlay">animation: 3s ease-in 1s 2 reverse both paused slidein;</div> <div class="animation a1"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="cell"> <button class="pause" title="PAUSE"></button> </div> <div class="cell flx"> <div class="overlay">animation: 3s linear 1s slidein;</div> <div class="animation a2"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="cell"> <button class="pause" title="PAUSE"></button> </div> <div class="cell flx"> <div class="overlay">animation: 3s slidein;</div> <div class="animation a3"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></pre> <pre class="brush: css">html,body { height: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; } pre { margin-bottom: 0; } svg { width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; } button { width: 27px; height: 27px; background-size: 16px; background-position: center; background-repeat: no-repeat; border-radius: 3px; cursor: pointer; } button.play { background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2016%2016%22%3E%3Cstyle%3Epath%20%7Bdisplay%3Anone%7D%20path%3Atarget%7Bdisplay%3Ablock%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cpath%20id%3D%22play%22%20d%3D%22M3%2C3%20L3%2C13%20L13%2C8%20Z%22%20%2F%3E%3Cpath%20id%3D%22pause%22%20d%3D%22M5%2C4%20L7%2C4%20L7%2C13%20L5%2C13%20Z%20M9%2C4%20L11%2C4%20L11%2C13%20L9%2C13%20Z%22%20%2F%3E%3Cpath%20id%3D%22restart%22%20d%3D%22M13%2C9%20A5%2C5%2C1%2C1%2C1%2C8%2C4%20L8%2C2%20L12%2C5%20L8%2C8%20L8%2C6%20A3%2C3%2C1%2C1%2C0%2C11%2C9%20A1%2C1%2C1%2C1%2C1%2C13%2C9%20z%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E#play'); } button.pause { background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2016%2016%22%3E%3Cstyle%3Epath%20%7Bdisplay%3Anone%7D%20path%3Atarget%7Bdisplay%3Ablock%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cpath%20id%3D%22play%22%20d%3D%22M3%2C3%20L3%2C13%20L13%2C8%20Z%22%20%2F%3E%3Cpath%20id%3D%22pause%22%20d%3D%22M5%2C4%20L7%2C4%20L7%2C13%20L5%2C13%20Z%20M9%2C4%20L11%2C4%20L11%2C13%20L9%2C13%20Z%22%20%2F%3E%3Cpath%20id%3D%22restart%22%20d%3D%22M13%2C9%20A5%2C5%2C1%2C1%2C1%2C8%2C4%20L8%2C2%20L12%2C5%20L8%2C8%20L8%2C6%20A3%2C3%2C1%2C1%2C0%2C11%2C9%20A1%2C1%2C1%2C1%2C1%2C13%2C9%20z%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E#pause'); } button.restart { background-image: url('data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%2016%2016%22%3E%3Cstyle%3Epath%20%7Bdisplay%3Anone%7D%20path%3Atarget%7Bdisplay%3Ablock%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cpath%20id%3D%22play%22%20d%3D%22M3%2C3%20L3%2C13%20L13%2C8%20Z%22%20%2F%3E%3Cpath%20id%3D%22pause%22%20d%3D%22M5%2C4%20L7%2C4%20L7%2C13%20L5%2C13%20Z%20M9%2C4%20L11%2C4%20L11%2C13%20L9%2C13%20Z%22%20%2F%3E%3Cpath%20id%3D%22restart%22%20d%3D%22M13%2C9%20A5%2C5%2C1%2C1%2C1%2C8%2C4%20L8%2C2%20L12%2C5%20L8%2C8%20L8%2C6%20A3%2C3%2C1%2C1%2C0%2C11%2C9%20A1%2C1%2C1%2C1%2C1%2C13%2C9%20z%22%20%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E#restart'); } .grid { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: flex; background: #EEE; font: 1em monospace; } .row { display: flex; flex: 1 auto; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: space-between; } .col { display: flex; flex: 1 auto; flex-direction: column; } .cell { box-sizing: border-box; margin: .5em; padding: 0; background-color: #FFF; overflow: hidden; text-align: left; } .flx { flex: 1 0; } .note { background: #fff3d4; padding: 1em; margin: .5em; font: .8em sans-serif; text-align: left; flex: none; } .overlay { padding: .5em; } @keyframes slidein { from { transform: scaleX(0); } to { transform: scaleX(1); } } .a1 { animation: 3s ease-in 1s 2 reverse both paused slidein; } .a2 { animation: 3s linear 1s slidein; } .a3 { animation: 3s slidein; } .animation { background: #3F87A6; width: 100%; height: calc(100% - 1.5em); transform-origin: left center; }</pre> <pre class="brush: js">window.addEventListener('load', function () { var ANIMATION = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('.animation')); var BUTTON = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll('button')); function toggleButton (btn, type) { btn.classList.remove('play', 'pause', 'restart'); btn.classList.add(type); btn.title = type.toUpperCase(type); } function playPause (i) { var btn = BUTTON[i]; var anim = ANIMATION[i]; if (btn.classList.contains('play')) { anim.style.animationPlayState = 'running'; toggleButton(btn, 'pause'); } else if (btn.classList.contains('pause')) { anim.style.animationPlayState = 'paused'; toggleButton(btn, 'play'); } else { anim.classList.remove('a' + (i + 1)); setTimeout(function () { toggleButton(btn, i === 0 ? 'play' : 'pause'); anim.style.animationPlayState = ''; anim.classList.add('a' + (i + 1)); }, 100) } } ANIMATION.forEach(function (node, index) { node.addEventListener('animationstart', function () { toggleButton(BUTTON[index], 'pause'); }); node.addEventListener('animationend', function () { toggleButton(BUTTON[index], 'restart'); }); }); BUTTON.forEach(function (btn, index) { btn.addEventListener('click', function () { playPause(index); }); }); })</pre> </div> <p>{{EmbedLiveSample("animation", "100%", 260, "", "", "example-outcome-frame")}}</p> <p><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/Guide/CSS/Using_CSS_transitions#Which_CSS_properties_are_animatable">哪些属性是可动画的?</a>值得注意的是,此描述也适用于<a href="/en-US/docs/CSS/CSS_transitions">CSS变换</a>。</p> <p>{{cssinfo}}</p> <h2 id="语法">语法</h2> <p><code>animation</code> 属性用来指定一组或多组动画,每组之间用逗号相隔。</p> <p>每组动画规定的属性如下:</p> <ul> <li>以下属性出现0次或1次: <ul> <li>{{cssxref("<single-transition-timing-function>")}}</li> <li>{{cssxref("animation", "<single-animation-iteration-count>", "#<single-animation-iteration-count>")}}</li> <li>{{cssxref("animation", "<single-animation-direction>", "#<single-animation-direction>")}}</li> <li>{{cssxref("animation", "<single-animation-fill-mode>", "#<single-animation-fill-mode>")}}</li> <li>{{cssxref("animation", "<single-animation-play-state>", "#<single-animation-play-state>")}}</li> </ul> </li> <li>animation 的 name 值可能是:none,{{cssxref("<custom-ident>")}}, {{cssxref("<string>")}}</li> <li>{{cssxref("<time>")}} 可能会出现0、1 或 2 次</li> </ul> <p>每个动画定义中的属性值的顺序很重要:可以被解析为 {{cssxref("<time>")}} 的第一个值被分配给{{cssxref("animation-duration")}}, 第二个分配给 {{cssxref("animation-delay")}}。</p> <p>每个动画定义中的值的顺序,对于区分 {{cssxref("animation-name")}} 值与其他关键字也很重要。解析时,对于除 {{cssxref("animation-name")}} 之外的有效的关键字,必须被前面的简写中没有找到值的属性所接受。此外,在序列化时,{{cssxref("animation-name")}} 与以及其他属性值做区分等情况下,必须输出其他属性的默认值。</p> <h3 id="Values">Values</h3> <dl> <dt><code><a id="<single-animation-iteration-count>" name="<single-animation-iteration-count>"><single-animation-iteration-count></a></code></dt> <dd>动画播放的次数。该值必须是{{cssxref("animation-iteration-count")}}可用的值之一。</dd> <dt><a id="<single-animation-direction>" name="<single-animation-direction>"><code><single-animation-direction></code></a></dt> <dd>动画播放的方向。该值必须是{{cssxref("animation-direction")}}可用的值之一。</dd> <dt><a id="<single-animation-fill-mode>" name="<single-animation-fill-mode>"><code><single-animation-fill-mode></code></a></dt> <dd>确定动画在执行之前和之后这两个阶段应用的样式。该值必须是{{cssxref("animation-fill-mode")}}可用的值之一。</dd> <dt><code><a id="<single-animation-play-state>" name="<single-animation-play-state>"><single-animation-play-state></a></code></dt> <dd>确定动画是否正在播放。该值必须是{{cssxref("animation-play-state")}}中可用的值之一。</dd> </dl> <h3 id="语法_2">语法</h3> {{csssyntax("animation")}} <h2 id="范例">范例</h2> <h3 id="Cylon_Eye" name="Cylon_Eye"><strong>赛隆人之眼(赛隆人</strong>是一个虚构的生化人种族,出自科幻电视系列剧星际大争霸系列<strong>)</strong></h3> <pre class="brush: html line-numbers language-html"><code class="language-html"><span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"><</span>div</span> <span class="attr-name token">class</span><span class="attr-value token"><span class="punctuation token">=</span><span class="punctuation token">"</span>view_port<span class="punctuation token">"</span></span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span> <span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"><</span>div</span> <span class="attr-name token">class</span><span class="attr-value token"><span class="punctuation token">=</span><span class="punctuation token">"</span>polling_message<span class="punctuation token">"</span></span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span> Listening for dispatches <span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"></</span>div</span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span> <span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"><</span>div</span> <span class="attr-name token">class</span><span class="attr-value token"><span class="punctuation token">=</span><span class="punctuation token">"</span>cylon_eye<span class="punctuation token">"</span></span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span><span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"></</span>div</span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span> <span class="tag token"><span class="tag token"><span class="punctuation token"></</span>div</span><span class="punctuation token">></span></span></code></pre> <pre class="brush: css line-numbers language-css"><code class="language-css"><span class="selector token"><span class="class token">.polling_message</span></span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span> <span class="property token">color</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> white<span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">float</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> left<span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">margin-right</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">2</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="punctuation token">}</span> <span class="selector token"><span class="class token">.view_port</span></span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span> <span class="property token">background-color</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> black<span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">height</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">25</span><span class="token unit">px</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">width</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">100</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">overflow</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> hidden<span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="punctuation token">}</span> <span class="selector token"><span class="class token">.cylon_eye</span></span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span> <span class="property token">background-color</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> red<span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">background-image</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="function token">linear-gradient</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span>to right<span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="function token">rgba</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="number token">0</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="number token">0</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="number token">0</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="number token">.9</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span> <span class="number token">25</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="function token">rgba</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="number token">0</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="number token">0</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="number token">0</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="number token">.1</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span> <span class="number token">50</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="function token">rgba</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span><span class="number token">0</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="number token">0</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="number token">0</span><span class="punctuation token">,</span> <span class="number token">.9</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span> <span class="number token">75</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">color</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> white<span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">height</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">100</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">width</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">20</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">-webkit-animation</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">4</span><span class="token unit">s</span> linear <span class="number token">0</span><span class="token unit">s</span> infinite alternate move_eye<span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="property token">animation</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">4</span><span class="token unit">s</span> linear <span class="number token">0</span><span class="token unit">s</span> infinite alternate move_eye<span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="punctuation token">}</span> <span class="atrule token"><span class="rule token">@-webkit-keyframes</span> move_eye</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span> <span class="selector token">from</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span> <span class="property token">margin-left</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">-20</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="punctuation token">}</span> <span class="selector token">to</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span> <span class="property token">margin-left</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">100</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="punctuation token">}</span> <span class="punctuation token">}</span> <span class="atrule token"><span class="rule token">@keyframes</span> move_eye</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span> <span class="selector token">from</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span> <span class="property token">margin-left</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">-20</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="punctuation token">}</span> <span class="selector token">to</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span> <span class="property token">margin-left</span><span class="punctuation token">:</span> <span class="number token">100</span><span class="token unit">%</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> <span class="punctuation token">}</span> <span class="punctuation token">}</span></code></pre> <p>{{EmbedLiveSample('Cylon_Eye')}}</p> <p>更多示例请参阅<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Animations/Using_CSS_animations#Examples">使用CSS动画</a>。</p> <h2 id="潜在的问题">潜在的问题</h2> <p>眨眼和闪烁的动画对于有认知问题的人来说是有问题的,比如注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)。此外,某些动画效果可以触发前庭神经紊乱、癫痫、偏头痛和暗点敏感性。</p> <p>考虑提供一种暂停或禁用动画的机制,以及使用 <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion">Reduced Motion Media Query</a>(简约运动媒体查询),为那些表示不喜欢动画的用户创建一个良好的体验。</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://alistapart.com/article/designing-safer-web-animation-for-motion-sensitivity">Designing Safer Web Animation For Motion Sensitivity · An A List Apart Article </a></li> <li><a href="https://css-tricks.com/introduction-reduced-motion-media-query/">An Introduction to the Reduced Motion Media Query | CSS-Tricks</a></li> <li><a href="https://webkit.org/blog/7551/responsive-design-for-motion/">Responsive Design for Motion | WebKit</a></li> <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/Understanding_WCAG/Operable#Guideline_2.2_%E2%80%94_Enough_Time_Provide_users_enough_time_to_read_and_use_content">MDN Understanding WCAG, Guideline 2.2 explanations</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/time-limits-pause.html">Understanding Success Criterion 2.2.2 | W3C Understanding WCAG 2.0</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="规范">规范</h2> <table class="standard-table"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Specification</th> <th scope="col">Status</th> <th scope="col">Comment</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>{{SpecName('CSS3 Animations', '#animation', 'animation')}}</td> <td>{{Spec2('CSS3 Animations')}}</td> <td>Initial definition</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="Browser_compatibility" name="Browser_compatibility"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">浏览器兼容性</span></h2> <p>{{Compat("css.properties.animation")}}</p> <h3 id="Quantum_CSS_notes">Quantum CSS notes</h3> <ul> <li>Gecko有一个bug,当你在屏幕上对屏幕外的元素使用带有指定延时的动画时,Gecko不会在某些平台上重绘,例如Windows {{bug(1383239)}}。这个问题已经在Firefox新的并行CSS引擎(也称为<a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Quantum">Quantum CSS</a> 或者 <a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Quantum/Stylo">Stylo</a>,计划在Firefox 57中发布)中得到了解决。</li> <li>另外一个Gecko bug,当我们激活<details>元素的动画效果时,即使通过 open 属性也不能将其展示({{bug(1382124)}})。Quantum CSS会将其修复了。</li> <li>另一个bug是,由于动画使用的是em单位,所以即使我们改变父元素的font-size属性也不会影响该动画元素({{bug(1254424)}}),而它们原本应该受到影响。Quantum CSS会将其修复了。</li> </ul> <h2 id="更多">更多</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/CSS/Tutorials/Using_CSS_animations" title="Tutorial about CSS animations">Using CSS animations</a></li> <li>JavaScript {{domxref("AnimationEvent")}} API</li> </ul>