--- title: static slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/static tags: - Classes - ECMAScript 2015 - ES6 - JavaScript - Static - 静态方法 translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/static ---
类(class)通过 static 关键字定义静态方法。不能在类的实例上调用静态方法,而应该通过类本身调用。这些通常是实用程序方法,例如创建或克隆对象的功能。
static methodName() { ... }
静态方法调用直接在类上进行,不能在类的实例上调用。静态方法通常用于创建实用程序函数。
静态方法调用同一个类中的其他静态方法,可使用 this
关键字。
class StaticMethodCall { static staticMethod() { return 'Static method has been called'; } static anotherStaticMethod() { return this.staticMethod() + ' from another static method'; } } StaticMethodCall.staticMethod(); // 'Static method has been called' StaticMethodCall.anotherStaticMethod(); // 'Static method has been called from another static method'
非静态方法中,不能直接使用 this
关键字来访问静态方法。而是要用类名来调用:CLASSNAME.STATIC_METHOD_NAME()
,或者用构造函数的属性来调用该方法: this.constructor.STATIC_METHOD_NAME()
.
class StaticMethodCall { constructor() { console.log(StaticMethodCall.staticMethod()); // 'static method has been called.' console.log(this.constructor.staticMethod()); // 'static method has been called.' } static staticMethod() { return 'static method has been called.'; } }
下面的例子说明了这几点:
class Tripple { static tripple(n = 1) { return n * 3; } } class BiggerTripple extends Tripple { static tripple(n) { return super.tripple(n) * super.tripple(n); } } console.log(Tripple.tripple());// 3 console.log(Tripple.tripple(6));// 18 let tp = new Tripple(); console.log(BiggerTripple.tripple(3));// 81(不会受父类实例化的影响) console.log(tp.tripple());// 'tp.tripple 不是一个函数'.
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
{{SpecName('ES2015', '#sec-class-definitions', 'Class definitions')}} | {{Spec2('ES2015')}} | Initial definition. |
{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-class-definitions', 'Class definitions')}} | {{Spec2('ESDraft')}} |
{{Compat("javascript.classes.static")}}