--- title: Array.prototype.reduce() slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/Reduce tags: - Array - ECMAScript 5 - JavaScript - Method - Prototype - Reduce - Reference translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/Reduce ---
{{JSRef}}
reduce() 方法对数组中的每个元素执行一个由您提供的reducer函数(升序执行),将其结果汇总为单个返回值。
The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples and send us a pull request.
reducer 函数接收4个参数:
您的 reducer 函数的返回值分配给累计器,该返回值在数组的每个迭代中被记住,并最后成为最终的单个结果值。
arr.reduce(callback(accumulator, currentValue[, index[, array]])[, initialValue])
callbackinitialValue则第一个值除外)的函数,包含四个参数:accumulator
 累计器累计回调的返回值; 它是上一次调用回调时返回的累积值,或initialValue(见于下方)。
currentValueindex {{optional_inline}}initialValue,则起始索引号为0,否则从索引1起始。array{{optional_inline}}reduce()的数组initialValue{{optional_inline}}callback函数时的第一个参数的值。 如果没有提供初始值,则将使用数组中的第一个元素。 在没有初始值的空数组上调用 reduce 将报错。函数累计处理的结果
reduce为数组中的每一个元素依次执行callback函数,不包括数组中被删除或从未被赋值的元素,接受四个参数:
accumulator 累计器currentValue 当前值currentIndex 当前索引array 数组回调函数第一次执行时,accumulator 和currentValue的取值有两种情况:如果调用reduce()时提供了initialValue,accumulator取值为initialValue,currentValue取数组中的第一个值;如果没有提供 initialValue,那么accumulator取数组中的第一个值,currentValue取数组中的第二个值。
注意:如果没有提供initialValue,reduce 会从索引1的地方开始执行 callback 方法,跳过第一个索引。如果提供initialValue,从索引0开始。
如果数组为空且没有提供initialValue,会抛出{{jsxref("TypeError")}} 。如果数组仅有一个元素(无论位置如何)并且没有提供initialValue, 或者有提供initialValue但是数组为空,那么此唯一值将被返回并且callback不会被执行。
提供初始值通常更安全,正如下面的例子,如果没有提供initialValue,则可能有四种输出:
var maxCallback = ( acc, cur ) => Math.max( acc.x, cur.x );
var maxCallback2 = ( max, cur ) => Math.max( max, cur );
// reduce() 没有初始值
[ { x: 2 }, { x: 22 }, { x: 42 } ].reduce( maxCallback ); // NaN
[ { x: 2 }, { x: 22 }            ].reduce( maxCallback ); // 22
[ { x: 2 }                       ].reduce( maxCallback ); // { x: 2 }
[                                ].reduce( maxCallback ); // TypeError
// map/reduce; 这是更好的方案,即使传入空数组或更大数组也可正常执行
[ { x: 22 }, { x: 42 } ].map( el => el.x )
                        .reduce( maxCallback2, -Infinity );
假如运行下段reduce()代码:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4].reduce(function(accumulator, currentValue, currentIndex, array){
  return accumulator + currentValue;
});
callback 被调用四次,每次调用的参数和返回值如下表:
| callback | accumulator | currentValue | currentIndex | array | return value | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first call | 0 | 1 | 1 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] | 1 | 
| second call | 1 | 2 | 2 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] | 3 | 
| third call | 3 | 3 | 3 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] | 6 | 
| fourth call | 6 | 4 | 4 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] | 10 | 
由reduce返回的值将是最后一次回调返回值(10)。
你还可以使用{{jsxref("Functions/Arrow_functions", "箭头函数","",1)}}来代替完整的函数。 下面的代码将产生与上面的代码相同的输出:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4].reduce((prev, curr) => prev + curr );
如果你打算提供一个初始值作为reduce()方法的第二个参数,以下是运行过程及结果:
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4].reduce((accumulator, currentValue, currentIndex, array) => {
    return accumulator + currentValue
}, 10)
| callback | accumulator | currentValue | currentIndex | array | return value | 
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first call | 10 | 0 | 0 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] | 10 | 
| second call | 10 | 1 | 1 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] | 11 | 
| third call | 11 | 2 | 2 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] | 13 | 
| fourth call | 13 | 3 | 3 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] | 16 | 
| fifth call | 16 | 4 | 4 | [0, 1, 2, 3, 4] | 20 | 
这种情况下reduce()返回的值是20。
var sum = [0, 1, 2, 3].reduce(function (accumulator, currentValue) {
  return accumulator + currentValue;
}, 0);
// 和为 6
你也可以写成箭头函数的形式:
var total = [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ].reduce( ( acc, cur ) => acc + cur, 0 );
要累加对象数组中包含的值,必须提供初始值,以便各个item正确通过你的函数。
var initialValue = 0;
var sum = [{x: 1}, {x:2}, {x:3}].reduce(function (accumulator, currentValue) {
    return accumulator + currentValue.x;
},initialValue)
console.log(sum) // logs 6
你也可以写成箭头函数的形式:
var initialValue = 0;
var sum = [{x: 1}, {x:2}, {x:3}].reduce(
    (accumulator, currentValue) => accumulator + currentValue.x
    ,initialValue
);
console.log(sum) // logs 6
var flattened = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]].reduce(
  function(a, b) {
    return a.concat(b);
  },
  []
);
// flattened is [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
你也可以写成箭头函数的形式:
var flattened = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]].reduce( ( acc, cur ) => acc.concat(cur), [] );
var names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Tiff', 'Bruce', 'Alice'];
var countedNames = names.reduce(function (allNames, name) {
  if (name in allNames) {
    allNames[name]++;
  }
  else {
    allNames[name] = 1;
  }
  return allNames;
}, {});
// countedNames is:
// { 'Alice': 2, 'Bob': 1, 'Tiff': 1, 'Bruce': 1 }
var people = [
  { name: 'Alice', age: 21 },
  { name: 'Max', age: 20 },
  { name: 'Jane', age: 20 }
];
function groupBy(objectArray, property) {
  return objectArray.reduce(function (acc, obj) {
    var key = obj[property];
    if (!acc[key]) {
      acc[key] = [];
    }
    acc[key].push(obj);
    return acc;
  }, {});
}
var groupedPeople = groupBy(people, 'age');
// groupedPeople is:
// {
//   20: [
//     { name: 'Max', age: 20 },
//     { name: 'Jane', age: 20 }
//   ],
//   21: [{ name: 'Alice', age: 21 }]
// }
// friends - 对象数组
// where object field "books" - list of favorite books
var friends = [{
  name: 'Anna',
  books: ['Bible', 'Harry Potter'],
  age: 21
}, {
  name: 'Bob',
  books: ['War and peace', 'Romeo and Juliet'],
  age: 26
}, {
  name: 'Alice',
  books: ['The Lord of the Rings', 'The Shining'],
  age: 18
}];
// allbooks - list which will contain all friends' books +
// additional list contained in initialValue
var allbooks = friends.reduce(function(prev, curr) {
  return [...prev, ...curr.books];
}, ['Alphabet']);
// allbooks = [
//   'Alphabet', 'Bible', 'Harry Potter', 'War and peace',
//   'Romeo and Juliet', 'The Lord of the Rings',
//   'The Shining'
// ]
注意: 如果你正在使用一个可以兼容{{jsxref("Set")}} 和 {{jsxref("Array.from()")}} 的环境, 你可以使用let orderedArray = Array.from(new Set(myArray)); 来获得一个相同元素被移除的数组。
let myArray = ['a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'e', 'e', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'd']
let myOrderedArray = myArray.reduce(function (accumulator, currentValue) {
  if (accumulator.indexOf(currentValue) === -1) {
    accumulator.push(currentValue)
  }
  return accumulator
}, [])
console.log(myOrderedArray)
let arr = [1,2,1,2,3,5,4,5,3,4,4,4,4];
let result = arr.sort().reduce((init, current) => {
    if(init.length === 0 || init[init.length-1] !== current) {
        init.push(current);
    }
    return init;
}, []);
console.log(result); //[1,2,3,4,5]
/**
 * Runs promises from array of functions that can return promises
 * in chained manner
 *
 * @param {array} arr - promise arr
 * @return {Object} promise object
 */
function runPromiseInSequence(arr, input) {
  return arr.reduce(
    (promiseChain, currentFunction) => promiseChain.then(currentFunction),
    Promise.resolve(input)
  );
}
// promise function 1
function p1(a) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve(a * 5);
  });
}
// promise function 2
function p2(a) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve(a * 2);
  });
}
// function 3  - will be wrapped in a resolved promise by .then()
function f3(a) {
 return a * 3;
}
// promise function 4
function p4(a) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    resolve(a * 4);
  });
}
const promiseArr = [p1, p2, f3, p4];
runPromiseInSequence(promiseArr, 10)
  .then(console.log);   // 1200
// Building-blocks to use for composition
const double = x => x + x;
const triple = x => 3 * x;
const quadruple = x => 4 * x;
// Function composition enabling pipe functionality
const pipe = (...functions) => input => functions.reduce(
    (acc, fn) => fn(acc),
    input
);
// Composed functions for multiplication of specific values
const multiply6 = pipe(double, triple);
const multiply9 = pipe(triple, triple);
const multiply16 = pipe(quadruple, quadruple);
const multiply24 = pipe(double, triple, quadruple);
// Usage
multiply6(6); // 36
multiply9(9); // 81
multiply16(16); // 256
multiply24(10); // 240
if (!Array.prototype.mapUsingReduce) {
  Array.prototype.mapUsingReduce = function(callback, thisArg) {
    return this.reduce(function(mappedArray, currentValue, index, array) {
      mappedArray[index] = callback.call(thisArg, currentValue, index, array)
      return mappedArray
    }, [])
  }
}
[1, 2, , 3].mapUsingReduce(
  (currentValue, index, array) => currentValue + index + array.length
) // [5, 7, , 10]
// Production steps of ECMA-262, Edition 5, 15.4.4.21
// Reference: http://es5.github.io/#x15.4.4.21
// https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-array.prototype.reduce
if (!Array.prototype.reduce) {
  Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, 'reduce', {
    value: function(callback /*, initialValue*/) {
      if (this === null) {
        throw new TypeError( 'Array.prototype.reduce ' +
          'called on null or undefined' );
      }
      if (typeof callback !== 'function') {
        throw new TypeError( callback +
          ' is not a function');
      }
      // 1. Let O be ? ToObject(this value).
      var o = Object(this);
      // 2. Let len be ? ToLength(? Get(O, "length")).
      var len = o.length >>> 0;
      // Steps 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
      var k = 0;
      var value;
      if (arguments.length >= 2) {
        value = arguments[1];
      } else {
        while (k < len && !(k in o)) {
          k++;
        }
        // 3. If len is 0 and initialValue is not present,
        //    throw a TypeError exception.
        if (k >= len) {
          throw new TypeError( 'Reduce of empty array ' +
            'with no initial value' );
        }
        value = o[k++];
      }
      // 8. Repeat, while k < len
      while (k < len) {
        // a. Let Pk be ! ToString(k).
        // b. Let kPresent be ? HasProperty(O, Pk).
        // c. If kPresent is true, then
        //    i.  Let kValue be ? Get(O, Pk).
        //    ii. Let accumulator be ? Call(
        //          callbackfn, undefined,
        //          « accumulator, kValue, k, O »).
        if (k in o) {
          value = callback(value, o[k], k, o);
        }
        // d. Increase k by 1.
        k++;
      }
      // 9. Return accumulator.
      return value;
    }
  });
}
如果您需要兼容不支持Object.defineProperty的JavaScript引擎,那么最好不要 polyfill Array.prototype方法,因为你无法使其成为不可枚举的。
| Specification | Status | Comment | 
|---|---|---|
| {{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.4.4.21', 'Array.prototype.reduce')}} | {{Spec2('ES5.1')}} | 初始定语. 实施于 JavaScript 1.8. | 
| {{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-array.prototype.reduce', 'Array.prototype.reduce')}} | {{Spec2('ES6')}} | |
| {{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-array.prototype.reduce', 'Array.prototype.reduce')}} | {{Spec2('ESDraft')}} | 
{{Compat("javascript.builtins.Array.reduce")}}