--- title: String.prototype.split() slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/split tags: - JavaScript - Method - Prototype - Reference - Regular Expressions - String translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/split --- <p>{{JSRef}}</p> <p><code><strong>split() </strong></code>方法使用指定的分隔符字符串将一个{{jsxref("String")}}对象分割成子字符串数组,以一个指定的分割字串来决定每个拆分的位置。 </p> <div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/string-split.html")}}</div> <h2 id="Syntax">语法</h2> <pre class="syntaxbox"><code><em>str.split([separator[, limit]])</em></code> </pre> <div class="warning"> <p><strong>警告:</strong>如果使用空字符串(“)作为分隔符,则字符串不是在每个用户感知的字符(图形素集群)之间,也不是在每个Unicode字符(代码点)之间,而是在每个UTF-16代码单元之间。这会摧毁代理对。还请参见<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4547609/how-do-you-get-a-string-to-a-character-array-in-javascript/34717402#34717402">how do you get a string to a character array in javascript</a></p> </div> <h3 id="参数">参数</h3> <dl> <dt><code>separator</code></dt> <dd>指定表示每个拆分应发生的点的字符串。<code>separator</code> 可以是一个字符串或<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp" title="JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp">正则表达式</a>。 如果纯文本分隔符包含多个字符,则必须找到整个字符串来表示分割点。如果在str中省略或不出现分隔符,则返回的数组包含一个由整个字符串组成的元素。如果分隔符为空字符串,则将str原字符串中每个字符的数组形式返回。</dd> <dt><code>limit</code></dt> <dd>一个整数,限定返回的分割片段数量。当提供此参数时,split 方法会在指定分隔符的每次出现时分割该字符串,但在限制条目已放入数组时停止。如果在达到指定限制之前达到字符串的末尾,它可能仍然包含少于限制的条目。新数组中不返回剩下的文本。</dd> </dl> <h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3> <p>返回源字符串以分隔符出现位置分隔而成的一个 {{jsxref("Array")}} </p> <h2 id="Description">描述</h2> <p>找到分隔符后,将其从字符串中删除,并将子字符串的数组返回。如果没有找到或者省略了分隔符,则该数组包含一个由整个字符串组成的元素。如果分隔符为空字符串,则将str转换为字符数组。如果分隔符出现在字符串的开始或结尾,或两者都分开,分别以空字符串开头,结尾或两者开始和结束。因此,如果字符串仅由一个分隔符实例组成,则该数组由两个空字符串组成。</p> <p>如果分隔符是包含捕获括号的正则表达式,则每次分隔符匹配时,捕获括号的结果(包括任何未定义的结果)将被拼接到输出数组中。但是,并不是所有浏览器都支持此功能。</p> <p>{{Note("当字符串为空时,split()返回一个包含一个空字符串的数组,而不是一个空数组,如果字符串和分隔符都是空字符串,则返回一个空数组。")}}</p> <h2 id="Examples">示例</h2> <h3 id="Example_Using_split">使用 <code>split()</code></h3> <p>下例定义了一个函数:根据指定的分隔符将一个字符串分割成一个字符串数组。分隔字符串后,该函数依次输出原始字符串信息,被使用的分隔符,返回数组元素的个数,以及返回数组中所有的元素。</p> <pre class="brush: js">function splitString(stringToSplit, separator) { var arrayOfStrings = stringToSplit.split(separator); console.log('The original string is: "' + stringToSplit + '"'); console.log('The separator is: "' + separator + '"'); console.log("The array has " + arrayOfStrings.length + " elements: "); for (var i=0; i < arrayOfStrings.length; i++) console.log(arrayOfStrings[i] + " / "); } var tempestString = "Oh brave new world that has such people in it."; var monthString = "Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec"; var space = " "; var comma = ","; splitString(tempestString, space); splitString(tempestString); splitString(monthString, comma); </pre> <p>上例输出下面结果:</p> <pre>The original string is: "Oh brave new world that has such people in it." The separator is: " " The array has 10 elements: Oh / brave / new / world / that / has / such / people / in / it. / The original string is: "Oh brave new world that has such people in it." The separator is: "undefined" The array has 1 elements: Oh brave new world that has such people in it. / The original string is: "Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec" The separator is: "," The array has 12 elements: Jan / Feb / Mar / Apr / May / Jun / Jul / Aug / Sep / Oct / Nov / Dec / </pre> <h3 id="Example_Removing_spaces_from_a_string">移出字符串中的空格</h3> <p>下例中,<code>split()</code> 方法会查找“0 或多个空白符接着的分号,再接着 0 或多个空白符”模式的字符串,找到后,就将空白符从字符串中移除,<code>nameList</code> 是 <code>split</code> 的返回数组。</p> <pre class="brush: js">var names = "Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand "; console.log(names); var re = /\s*(?:;|$)\s*/; var nameList = names.split(re); console.log(nameList); </pre> <p>上例输出两行,第一行输出原始字符串,第二行输出结果数组。</p> <pre><code>Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand [ "Harry Trump", "Fred Barney", "Helen Rigby", "Bill Abel", "Chris Hand", "" ]</code> </pre> <h3 id="Example_Returning_a_limited_number_of_splits">限制返回值中分割元素数量</h3> <p>下例中,<code>split</code> 查找字符串中的 0 或多个空格,并返回找到的前 3 个分割元素(splits)。</p> <pre class="brush: js">var myString = "Hello World. How are you doing?"; var splits = myString.split(" ", 3); console.log(splits); </pre> <p>上例输出:</p> <pre><code>["Hello", "World.", "How"]</code></pre> <h3 id="Example_Capturing_parentheses">靠正则来分割使结果中包含分隔块</h3> <p>如果 <code>separator</code> 包含捕获括号(capturing parentheses),则其匹配结果将会包含在返回的数组中。</p> <pre class="brush: js">var myString = "Hello 1 word. Sentence number 2."; var splits = myString.split(/(\d)/); console.log(splits); </pre> <p>上例输出:</p> <pre><code>[ "Hello ", "1", " word. Sentence number ", "2", "." ]</code></pre> <h3 id="使用一个数组来作为分隔符">使用一个数组来作为分隔符</h3> <pre><code>const myString = 'this|is|a|Test'; const splits = myString.split(['|']); console.log(splits); //["this", "is", "a", "Test"] const myString = 'ca,bc,a,bca,bca,bc'; const splits = myString.split(['a','b']); // myString.split(['a','b']) is same as myString.split(String(['a','b'])) console.log(splits); //["c", "c,", "c", "c", "c"]</code></pre> <h3 id="用split来颠倒字符串顺序">用split()来颠倒字符串顺序</h3> <div class="warning"> <p><strong>警告:</strong>注意这并非一种很健壮的逆转字符串的方法:</p> <pre><code>const str = 'asdfghjkl'; const strReverse = str.split('').reverse().join(''); // 'lkjhgfdsa' // split() returns an array on which reverse() and join() can be applied</code></pre> <p>如果字符串包含图形素集群,即使使用Unicode感知的拆分(use for example <a href="https://github.com/mathiasbynens/esrever">esrever</a> instead),也不能工作。</p> <pre><code>const str = 'résumé'; const strReverse = str.split(/(?:)/u).reverse().join(''); // => "́emuśer"</code></pre> <p>Bonus: use {{jsxref("Operators/Comparison_Operators", "===", "#Identity_strict_equality_(===)")}} operator to test if the original string was palindrome.</p> </div> <h2 id="规范">规范</h2> <table class="standard-table"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col">Specification</th> <th scope="col">Status</th> <th scope="col">Comment</th> </tr> <tr> <td>ECMAScript 3rd Edition.</td> <td>Standard</td> <td>Initial definition.<br> Implemented in JavaScript 1.1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.5.4.14', 'String.prototype.split')}}</td> <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td> <td></td> </tr> <tr> <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-string.prototype.split', 'String.prototype.split')}}</td> <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2> <p>{{Compat("javascript.builtins.String.split")}}</p> <h2 id="See_also">相关链接</h2> <ul> <li>{{jsxref("String.prototype.charAt()")}}</li> <li>{{jsxref("String.prototype.indexOf()")}}</li> <li>{{jsxref("String.prototype.lastIndexOf()")}}</li> <li>{{jsxref("Array.prototype.join()")}}</li> </ul>