---
title: String.prototype.split()
slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/split
tags:
  - JavaScript
  - Method
  - Prototype
  - Reference
  - Regular Expressions
  - String
translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/split
---
<p>{{JSRef}}</p>

<p><code><strong>split() </strong></code>方法使用指定的分隔符字符串将一个{{jsxref("String")}}对象分割成子字符串数组,以一个指定的分割字串来决定每个拆分的位置。 </p>

<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/string-split.html")}}</div>



<h2 id="Syntax">语法</h2>

<pre class="syntaxbox"><code><em>str.split([separator[, limit]])</em></code>
</pre>

<div class="warning">
<p><strong>警告:</strong>如果使用空字符串(“)作为分隔符,则字符串不是在每个用户感知的字符(图形素集群)之间,也不是在每个Unicode字符(代码点)之间,而是在每个UTF-16代码单元之间。这会摧毁代理对。还请参见<a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4547609/how-do-you-get-a-string-to-a-character-array-in-javascript/34717402#34717402">how do you get a string to a character array in javascript</a></p>
</div>

<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>

<dl>
 <dt><code>separator</code></dt>
 <dd>指定表示每个拆分应发生的点的字符串。<code>separator</code> 可以是一个字符串或<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp" title="JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/RegExp">正则表达式</a>。 如果纯文本分隔符包含多个字符,则必须找到整个字符串来表示分割点。如果在str中省略或不出现分隔符,则返回的数组包含一个由整个字符串组成的元素。如果分隔符为空字符串,则将str原字符串中每个字符的数组形式返回。</dd>
 <dt><code>limit</code></dt>
 <dd>一个整数,限定返回的分割片段数量。当提供此参数时,split 方法会在指定分隔符的每次出现时分割该字符串,但在限制条目已放入数组时停止。如果在达到指定限制之前达到字符串的末尾,它可能仍然包含少于限制的条目。新数组中不返回剩下的文本。</dd>
</dl>

<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>

<p>返回源字符串以分隔符出现位置分隔而成的一个 {{jsxref("Array")}} </p>

<h2 id="Description">描述</h2>

<p>找到分隔符后,将其从字符串中删除,并将子字符串的数组返回。如果没有找到或者省略了分隔符,则该数组包含一个由整个字符串组成的元素。如果分隔符为空字符串,则将str转换为字符数组。如果分隔符出现在字符串的开始或结尾,或两者都分开,分别以空字符串开头,结尾或两者开始和结束。因此,如果字符串仅由一个分隔符实例组成,则该数组由两个空字符串组成。</p>

<p>如果分隔符是包含捕获括号的正则表达式,则每次分隔符匹配时,捕获括号的结果(包括任何未定义的结果)将被拼接到输出数组中。但是,并不是所有浏览器都支持此功能。</p>

<p>{{Note("当字符串为空时,split()返回一个包含一个空字符串的数组,而不是一个空数组,如果字符串和分隔符都是空字符串,则返回一个空数组。")}}</p>

<h2 id="Examples">示例</h2>

<h3 id="Example_Using_split">使用 <code>split()</code></h3>

<p>下例定义了一个函数:根据指定的分隔符将一个字符串分割成一个字符串数组。分隔字符串后,该函数依次输出原始字符串信息,被使用的分隔符,返回数组元素的个数,以及返回数组中所有的元素。</p>

<pre class="brush: js">function splitString(stringToSplit, separator) {
  var arrayOfStrings = stringToSplit.split(separator);

  console.log('The original string is: "' + stringToSplit + '"');
  console.log('The separator is: "' + separator + '"');
  console.log("The array has " + arrayOfStrings.length + " elements: ");

  for (var i=0; i &lt; arrayOfStrings.length; i++)
    console.log(arrayOfStrings[i] + " / ");
}

var tempestString = "Oh brave new world that has such people in it.";
var monthString = "Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec";

var space = " ";
var comma = ",";

splitString(tempestString, space);
splitString(tempestString);
splitString(monthString, comma);
</pre>

<p>上例输出下面结果:</p>

<pre>The original string is: "Oh brave new world that has such people in it."
The separator is: " "
The array has 10 elements: Oh / brave / new / world / that / has / such / people / in / it. /

The original string is: "Oh brave new world that has such people in it."
The separator is: "undefined"
The array has 1 elements: Oh brave new world that has such people in it. /

The original string is: "Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec"
The separator is: ","
The array has 12 elements: Jan / Feb / Mar / Apr / May / Jun / Jul / Aug / Sep / Oct / Nov / Dec /
</pre>

<h3 id="Example_Removing_spaces_from_a_string">移出字符串中的空格</h3>

<p>下例中,<code>split()</code> 方法会查找“0 或多个空白符接着的分号,再接着 0 或多个空白符”模式的字符串,找到后,就将空白符从字符串中移除,<code>nameList</code> 是 <code>split</code> 的返回数组。</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var names = "Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand ";

console.log(names);

var re = /\s*(?:;|$)\s*/;
var nameList = names.split(re);

console.log(nameList);
</pre>

<p>上例输出两行,第一行输出原始字符串,第二行输出结果数组。</p>

<pre><code>Harry Trump ;Fred Barney; Helen Rigby ; Bill Abel ;Chris Hand
[ "Harry Trump", "Fred Barney", "Helen Rigby", "Bill Abel", "Chris Hand", "" ]</code>
</pre>

<h3 id="Example_Returning_a_limited_number_of_splits">限制返回值中分割元素数量</h3>

<p>下例中,<code>split</code> 查找字符串中的 0 或多个空格,并返回找到的前 3 个分割元素(splits)。</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var myString = "Hello World. How are you doing?";
var splits = myString.split(" ", 3);

console.log(splits);
</pre>

<p>上例输出:</p>

<pre><code>["Hello", "World.", "How"]</code></pre>

<h3 id="Example_Capturing_parentheses">靠正则来分割使结果中包含分隔块</h3>

<p>如果 <code>separator</code> 包含捕获括号(capturing parentheses),则其匹配结果将会包含在返回的数组中。</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var myString = "Hello 1 word. Sentence number 2.";
var splits = myString.split(/(\d)/);

console.log(splits);
</pre>

<p>上例输出:</p>

<pre><code>[ "Hello ", "1", " word. Sentence number ", "2", "." ]</code></pre>

<h3 id="使用一个数组来作为分隔符">使用一个数组来作为分隔符</h3>

<pre><code>const myString = 'this|is|a|Test';
const splits = myString.split(['|']);

console.log(splits); //["this", "is", "a", "Test"]

const myString = 'ca,bc,a,bca,bca,bc';

const splits = myString.split(['a','b']);
// myString.split(['a','b']) is same as myString.split(String(['a','b']))

console.log(splits);  //["c", "c,", "c", "c", "c"]</code></pre>

<h3 id="用split来颠倒字符串顺序">用split()来颠倒字符串顺序</h3>

<div class="warning">
<p><strong>警告:</strong>注意这并非一种很健壮的逆转字符串的方法:</p>

<pre><code>const str = 'asdfghjkl';
const strReverse = str.split('').reverse().join(''); // 'lkjhgfdsa'
// split() returns an array on which reverse() and join() can be applied</code></pre>

<p>如果字符串包含图形素集群,即使使用Unicode感知的拆分(use for example <a href="https://github.com/mathiasbynens/esrever">esrever</a> instead),也不能工作。</p>

<pre><code>const str = 'résumé';
const strReverse = str.split(/(?:)/u).reverse().join('');
// =&gt; "́emuśer"</code></pre>

<p>Bonus: use {{jsxref("Operators/Comparison_Operators", "===", "#Identity_strict_equality_(===)")}} operator to test if the original string was palindrome.</p>
</div>

<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>

<table class="standard-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
   <th scope="col">Status</th>
   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>ECMAScript 3rd Edition.</td>
   <td>Standard</td>
   <td>Initial definition.<br>
    Implemented in JavaScript 1.1</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.5.4.14', 'String.prototype.split')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
   <td></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-string.prototype.split', 'String.prototype.split')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
   <td></td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>

<p>{{Compat("javascript.builtins.String.split")}}</p>

<h2 id="See_also">相关链接</h2>

<ul>
 <li>{{jsxref("String.prototype.charAt()")}}</li>
 <li>{{jsxref("String.prototype.indexOf()")}}</li>
 <li>{{jsxref("String.prototype.lastIndexOf()")}}</li>
 <li>{{jsxref("Array.prototype.join()")}}</li>
</ul>