---
title: white-space
slug: Web/CSS/white-space
translation_of: Web/CSS/white-space
---
<div>{{CSSRef}}</div>

<p>此 CSS <strong><code>white-space</code></strong> 屬性決定如何處理元素內的空白字元。</p>

<div class="note">
<p>提醒：如果要讓文字本身斷行，請改用 {{cssxref("overflow-wrap")}}、{{cssxref("word-break")}} 或 {{cssxref("hyphens")}}。</p>
</div>

<pre class="brush: css no-line-numbers">/* Keyword values */
white-space: normal;
white-space: nowrap;
white-space: pre;
white-space: pre-wrap;
white-space: pre-line;

/* Global values */
white-space: inherit;
white-space: initial;
white-space: unset;
</pre>

<div class="hidden" id="white-space">
<pre class="brush: html">&lt;div class="grid"&gt;
&lt;div class="col"&gt;
  &lt;div class="cell"&gt;
    &lt;div class="label"&gt;normal&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;
  &lt;p class="wspNormal"&gt;
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
    Nulla pellentesque metus eget massa feugiat lobortis.
  &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="cell"&gt;
    &lt;div class="label"&gt;pre-wrap&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;
  &lt;p class="wspPreWrap"&gt;
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
    Nulla pellentesque metus eget massa feugiat lobortis.
  &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="cell"&gt;
    &lt;div class="label"&gt;pre-line&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;
  &lt;p class="wspPreLine"&gt;
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
    Nulla pellentesque metus eget massa feugiat lobortis.
  &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="cell"&gt;
    &lt;div class="label"&gt;nowrap&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;
  &lt;p class="wspNowrap"&gt;
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
    Nulla pellentesque metus eget massa feugiat lobortis.
  &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="cell"&gt;
    &lt;div class="label"&gt;pre&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;
  &lt;p class="wspPre"&gt;
    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
    Nulla pellentesque metus eget massa feugiat lobortis.
  &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
  &lt;div class="note"&gt;
    Examples above are applied to the following HTML (square represents white spaces):
    &lt;pre&gt;☐☐&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;
☐☐☐☐Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
☐☐☐☐Nulla pellentesque metus eget massa feugiat lobortis.
☐☐&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/pre&gt;
  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</pre>

<pre class="brush: css">html,body {
  height: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

pre { margin-bottom: 0; }

.grid {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  display: flex;
  background: #EEE;
  font: 1em monospace;
}

.row {
  display: flex;
  flex: 1 auto;
  flex-direction: row;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.col {
  display: flex;
  flex: 1 auto;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.cell {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: .5em;
  padding: 0;
  background-color: #FFF;
  overflow: hidden;
  text-align: center;
}

.note {
  background: #fff3d4;
  padding: 1em;
  margin: .5em;
  font: .8em sans-serif;
  text-align: left;
  flex: none;
}

p {
  width: 50%;
  font: .8em sans-serif;
  max-width: 100%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  overflow: hidden;
  resize: horizontal;
  background: #E4F0F5;
  padding: .5em;
  margin: .5em auto 0;
  text-align: left;
}

.wspNormal  { white-space: normal; }
.wspNowrap  { white-space: nowrap; }
.wspPre     { white-space: pre; }
.wspPreWrap { white-space: pre-wrap; }
.wspPreLine { white-space: pre-line; }</pre>
</div>

<p>{{EmbedLiveSample("white-space", "100%", 530, "", "", "example-outcome-frame")}}</p>

<p>{{cssinfo}}</p>

<h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2>

<p> <code>white-space</code> 的特性值為下列其中之一。</p>

<h3 id="Values">Values</h3>

<dl>
 <dt><code>normal</code></dt>
 <dd>連續的空白字元會被合併(collapse)，換行字元被視為空白字元。換行只在被文字空間限制時發生。</dd>
 <dt><code>nowrap</code></dt>
 <dd>對待空白字元的方式跟 <code>normal</code> 一樣，且會強制不換行。</dd>
 <dt><code>pre</code></dt>
 <dd>連續的空白字元都會被保留。換行在有換行字元以及{{HTMLElement("br")}}時發生。</dd>
 <dt><code>pre-wrap</code></dt>
 <dd>連續的空白字元都會被保留。換行會在換行字元、有{{HTMLElement("br")}}元素以及被文字空間限制時發生。</dd>
 <dt><code>pre-line</code></dt>
 <dd>連續的空白字元會被合併(collapse)。換行在換行字元、 {{HTMLElement("br")}}以及被文字空間限制時發生。</dd>
</dl>

<p>下列表格整理了各項 <code>white-space</code> 值的行為：</p>

<table class="standard-table">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th> </th>
   <th>New lines</th>
   <th>Spaces and tabs</th>
   <th>Text wrapping</th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th><code>normal</code></th>
   <td>Collapse</td>
   <td>Collapse</td>
   <td>Wrap</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th><code>nowrap</code></th>
   <td>Collapse</td>
   <td>Collapse</td>
   <td>No wrap</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th><code>pre</code></th>
   <td>Preserve</td>
   <td>Preserve</td>
   <td>No wrap</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th><code>pre-wrap</code></th>
   <td>Preserve</td>
   <td>Preserve</td>
   <td>Wrap</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th><code>pre-line</code></th>
   <td>Preserve</td>
   <td>Collapse</td>
   <td>Wrap</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h3 id="Formal_syntax">Formal syntax</h3>

{{csssyntax}}

<h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>

<h3 id="Basic_example">Basic example</h3>

<pre class="brush: css">code {
  white-space: pre;
}</pre>

<h3 id="Line_breaks_inside_HTMLElement(pre)_elements">Line breaks inside {{HTMLElement("pre")}} elements</h3>

<pre class="brush: css">pre {
  word-wrap: break-word;      /* IE 5.5-7 */
  white-space: -moz-pre-wrap; /* Firefox 1.0-2.0 */
  white-space: pre-wrap;      /* Modern browsers */
}</pre>

<h2 id="See_in_action" name="See_in_action">See it in action</h2>

<div class="hidden">
<pre class="brush: html">    &lt;div id="css-code" class="box"&gt;
     p { white-space: &lt;select&gt;
       &lt;option&gt;normal&lt;/option&gt;
       &lt;option&gt;nowrap&lt;/option&gt;
       &lt;option&gt;pre&lt;/option&gt;
       &lt;option&gt;pre-wrap&lt;/option&gt;
       &lt;option&gt;pre-line&lt;/option&gt;
     &lt;/select&gt; }
    &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div id="results" class="box"&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

    Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.

    Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
</pre>

<pre class="brush: css">.box {
  width: 300px;
  padding: 16px;
  border-radius: 10px;
}

#css-code {
  background-color: rgb(220,220,220);
  font-size: 16px;
}

#results {
  background-color: rgb(230,230,230);
  overflow-x: scroll;
  height: 400px;
  white-space: normal;
  font-size: 14px;
}</pre>

<pre class="brush: js">var select  = document.querySelector("#css-code select");
var results = document.querySelector("#results p");
select.addEventListener("change", function(e) {
  results.setAttribute("style", "white-space: "+e.target.value);
})</pre>
</div>

<h3 id="Source">Source</h3>

<pre>    &lt;p&gt;    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.

    Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

    Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.

    Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.&lt;/p&gt;
</pre>

<h3 id="CSS_Result">CSS + Result</h3>

<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('See_in_action', '80%', '500px') }}</p>

<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>

<table class="standard-table">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
   <th scope="col">Status</th>
   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('CSS3 Text', '#propdef-white-space', 'white-space')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('CSS3 Text')}}</td>
   <td>Precisely defines the breaking algorithms.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('CSS2.1', 'text.html#white-space-prop', 'white-space')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('CSS2.1')}}</td>
   <td>Initial definition.</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>

<p>{{CompatibilityTable}}</p>

<div id="compat-desktop">
<table class="compat-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th>Feature</th>
   <th>Chrome</th>
   <th>Edge</th>
   <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
   <th>Internet Explorer</th>
   <th>Opera</th>
   <th>Safari (WebKit)</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>Basic support (<code>normal</code> and <code>nowrap</code>)</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("1.0")}}</td>
   <td>5.5<sup>[1]</sup></td>
   <td>4.0</td>
   <td>1.0 (85)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>pre</code></td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>6.0</td>
   <td>4.0</td>
   <td>1.0 (85)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>pre-wrap</code></td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("1.0")}}{{property_prefix("-moz")}}<br>
    {{CompatGeckoDesktop("1.9")}}</td>
   <td>8.0</td>
   <td>8.0</td>
   <td>3.0 (522)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>pre-line</code></td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("1.9.1")}}</td>
   <td>8.0</td>
   <td>9.5</td>
   <td>3.0 (522)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>Support on <code>&lt;textarea&gt;</code></td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("36")}}</td>
   <td>5.5</td>
   <td>4.0</td>
   <td>1.0 (85)</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<div id="compat-mobile">
<table class="compat-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th>Feature</th>
   <th>Android</th>
   <th>Edge</th>
   <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
   <th>IE Phone</th>
   <th>Opera Mobile</th>
   <th>Safari Mobile</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>Basic support</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<p>[1] Internet Explorer 5.5+ supports {{Cssxref("word-wrap")}}<code>: break-word;</code>.</p>

<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>

<ul>
 <li>Properties that define how words break <em>within themselves</em>: {{cssxref("overflow-wrap")}}, {{cssxref("word-break")}}, {{cssxref("hyphens")}}</li>
</ul>