--- title: JSON slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON tags: - JSON - JavaScript - NeedsTranslation - Object - Reference - Référence(2) - TopicStub - polyfill translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON ---
JSON 物件包含了解析、或是轉換為 JavaScript Object Notation({{glossary("JSON")}})格式的方法。這物件不能被呼叫或建構;而除了它的兩個方法屬性以外,本身也沒有特別的功能。
JSON 是序列物件、陣列、數字、字串、布林值、還有 {{jsxref("null")}} 的語法。它建基、但不同於 JavaScript:有些 JavaScript 不是 JSON、而有些 JSON 不是 JavaScript。請參見 JSON: The JavaScript subset that isn't。
| JavaScript 型別 | 與 JSON 的差別 |
|---|---|
| 物件與陣列 | 屬性名稱必須是包含在雙引號中的字串;禁止尾後逗號。 |
| 數字 | 數字不可以0作為開頭(在 JSON.stringify 0會被忽略,但是在 JSON.parse 會造成語法錯誤);小數點前面必須至少有一位數字。 |
| 字串 |
Only a limited set of characters may be escaped; certain control characters are prohibited; the Unicode line separator (U+2028) and paragraph separator (U+2029) characters are permitted; strings must be double-quoted. See the following example where {{jsxref("JSON.parse()")}} works fine and a {{jsxref("SyntaxError")}} is thrown when evaluating the code as JavaScript: var code = '"\u2028\u2029"'; JSON.parse(code); // works fine eval(code); // fails |
JSON 的完整語法如下:
JSON = null
or true or false
or JSONNumber
or JSONString
or JSONObject
or JSONArray
JSONNumber = - PositiveNumber
or PositiveNumber
PositiveNumber = DecimalNumber
or DecimalNumber . Digits
or DecimalNumber . Digits ExponentPart
or DecimalNumber ExponentPart
DecimalNumber = 0
or OneToNine Digits
ExponentPart = e Exponent
or E Exponent
Exponent = Digits
or + Digits
or - Digits
Digits = Digit
or Digits Digit
Digit = 0 through 9
OneToNine = 1 through 9
JSONString = ""
or " StringCharacters "
StringCharacters = StringCharacter
or StringCharacters StringCharacter
StringCharacter = any character
except " or \ or U+0000 through U+001F
or EscapeSequence
EscapeSequence = \" or \/ or \\ or \b or \f or \n or \r or \t
or \u HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit
HexDigit = 0 through 9
or A through F
or a through f
JSONObject = { }
or { Members }
Members = JSONString : JSON
or Members , JSONString : JSON
JSONArray = [ ]
or [ ArrayElements ]
ArrayElements = JSON
or ArrayElements , JSON
Insignificant whitespace may be present anywhere except within a JSONNumber (numbers must contain no whitespace) or JSONString (where it is interpreted as the corresponding character in the string, or would cause an error). The tab character (U+0009), carriage return (U+000D), line feed (U+000A), and space (U+0020) characters are the only valid whitespace characters.
舊版瀏覽器並不支援 JSON。你可以在程式碼開頭插入以下程式碼,以解決這個問題。這個程式碼能實做不支援原生 JSON 物件的瀏覽器(如 Internet Explorer 6)。
以下演算法能仿製原生 JSON 物件。
if (!window.JSON) {
window.JSON = {
parse: function(sJSON) { return eval('(' + sJSON + ')'); },
stringify: (function () {
var toString = Object.prototype.toString;
var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;
var isArray = Array.isArray || function (a) { return toString.call(a) === '[object Array]'; };
var escMap = {'"': '\\"', '\\': '\\\\', '\b': '\\b', '\f': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t'};
var escFunc = function (m) { return escMap[m] || '\\u' + (m.charCodeAt(0) + 0x10000).toString(16).substr(1); };
var escRE = /[\\"\u0000-\u001F\u2028\u2029]/g;
return function stringify(value) {
if (value == null) {
return 'null';
} else if (typeof value === 'number') {
return isFinite(value) ? value.toString() : 'null';
} else if (typeof value === 'boolean') {
return value.toString();
} else if (typeof value === 'object') {
if (typeof value.toJSON === 'function') {
return stringify(value.toJSON());
} else if (isArray(value)) {
var res = '[';
for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++)
res += (i ? ', ' : '') + stringify(value[i]);
return res + ']';
} else if (toString.call(value) === '[object Object]') {
var tmp = [];
for (var k in value) {
// in case "hasOwnProperty" has been shadowed
if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, k))
tmp.push(stringify(k) + ': ' + stringify(value[k]));
}
return '{' + tmp.join(', ') + '}';
}
}
return '"' + value.toString().replace(escRE, escFunc) + '"';
};
})()
};
}
More complex well-known polyfills for the JSON object are JSON2 and JSON3.
| Specification | Status | Comment |
|---|---|---|
| {{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.12', 'JSON')}} | {{Spec2('ES5.1')}} | Initial definition. |
| {{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-json-object', 'JSON')}} | {{Spec2('ES6')}} | |
| {{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-json-object', 'JSON')}} | {{Spec2('ESDraft')}} |