--- title: JSON slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON tags: - JSON - JavaScript - NeedsTranslation - Object - Reference - Référence(2) - TopicStub - polyfill translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/JSON ---
JSON
物件包含了解析、或是轉換為 JavaScript Object Notation({{glossary("JSON")}})格式的方法。這物件不能被呼叫或建構;而除了它的兩個方法屬性以外,本身也沒有特別的功能。
JSON 是序列物件、陣列、數字、字串、布林值、還有 {{jsxref("null")}} 的語法。它建基、但不同於 JavaScript:有些 JavaScript 不是 JSON、而有些 JSON 不是 JavaScript。請參見 JSON: The JavaScript subset that isn't。
JavaScript 型別 | 與 JSON 的差別 |
---|---|
物件與陣列 | 屬性名稱必須是包含在雙引號中的字串;禁止尾後逗號。 |
數字 | 數字不可以0作為開頭(在 JSON.stringify 0會被忽略,但是在 JSON.parse 會造成語法錯誤);小數點前面必須至少有一位數字。 |
字串 |
Only a limited set of characters may be escaped; certain control characters are prohibited; the Unicode line separator (U+2028) and paragraph separator (U+2029) characters are permitted; strings must be double-quoted. See the following example where {{jsxref("JSON.parse()")}} works fine and a {{jsxref("SyntaxError")}} is thrown when evaluating the code as JavaScript: var code = '"\u2028\u2029"'; JSON.parse(code); // works fine eval(code); // fails |
JSON 的完整語法如下:
JSON = null or true or false or JSONNumber or JSONString or JSONObject or JSONArray JSONNumber = - PositiveNumber or PositiveNumber PositiveNumber = DecimalNumber or DecimalNumber . Digits or DecimalNumber . Digits ExponentPart or DecimalNumber ExponentPart DecimalNumber = 0 or OneToNine Digits ExponentPart = e Exponent or E Exponent Exponent = Digits or + Digits or - Digits Digits = Digit or Digits Digit Digit = 0 through 9 OneToNine = 1 through 9 JSONString = "" or " StringCharacters " StringCharacters = StringCharacter or StringCharacters StringCharacter StringCharacter = any character except " or \ or U+0000 through U+001F or EscapeSequence EscapeSequence = \" or \/ or \\ or \b or \f or \n or \r or \t or \u HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit HexDigit = 0 through 9 or A through F or a through f JSONObject = { } or { Members } Members = JSONString : JSON or Members , JSONString : JSON JSONArray = [ ] or [ ArrayElements ] ArrayElements = JSON or ArrayElements , JSON
Insignificant whitespace may be present anywhere except within a JSONNumber
(numbers must contain no whitespace) or JSONString
(where it is interpreted as the corresponding character in the string, or would cause an error). The tab character (U+0009), carriage return (U+000D), line feed (U+000A), and space (U+0020) characters are the only valid whitespace characters.
舊版瀏覽器並不支援 JSON
。你可以在程式碼開頭插入以下程式碼,以解決這個問題。這個程式碼能實做不支援原生 JSON
物件的瀏覽器(如 Internet Explorer 6)。
以下演算法能仿製原生 JSON
物件。
if (!window.JSON) { window.JSON = { parse: function(sJSON) { return eval('(' + sJSON + ')'); }, stringify: (function () { var toString = Object.prototype.toString; var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty; var isArray = Array.isArray || function (a) { return toString.call(a) === '[object Array]'; }; var escMap = {'"': '\\"', '\\': '\\\\', '\b': '\\b', '\f': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t'}; var escFunc = function (m) { return escMap[m] || '\\u' + (m.charCodeAt(0) + 0x10000).toString(16).substr(1); }; var escRE = /[\\"\u0000-\u001F\u2028\u2029]/g; return function stringify(value) { if (value == null) { return 'null'; } else if (typeof value === 'number') { return isFinite(value) ? value.toString() : 'null'; } else if (typeof value === 'boolean') { return value.toString(); } else if (typeof value === 'object') { if (typeof value.toJSON === 'function') { return stringify(value.toJSON()); } else if (isArray(value)) { var res = '['; for (var i = 0; i < value.length; i++) res += (i ? ', ' : '') + stringify(value[i]); return res + ']'; } else if (toString.call(value) === '[object Object]') { var tmp = []; for (var k in value) { // in case "hasOwnProperty" has been shadowed if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, k)) tmp.push(stringify(k) + ': ' + stringify(value[k])); } return '{' + tmp.join(', ') + '}'; } } return '"' + value.toString().replace(escRE, escFunc) + '"'; }; })() }; }
More complex well-known polyfills for the JSON
object are JSON2 and JSON3.
Specification | Status | Comment |
---|---|---|
{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.12', 'JSON')}} | {{Spec2('ES5.1')}} | Initial definition. |
{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-json-object', 'JSON')}} | {{Spec2('ES6')}} | |
{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-json-object', 'JSON')}} | {{Spec2('ESDraft')}} |