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---
title: <timing-function>
slug: Web/CSS/timing-function
tags:
- CSS
- timing-function
translation_of: Web/CSS/easing-function
---
<p>{{ CSSRef() }}</p>
<p><span style="font-family: consolas,monaco,andale mono,monospace; font-size: 14.4444446563721px; line-height: 23.3333339691162px;"><code><strong><timing-function></strong></code> </span><a href="/zh-CN/CSS" style="font-size: 14.4444446563721px; line-height: 23.3333339691162px;" title="CSS">CSS</a> 数据类型表示一个数学函数,它描述了在一个过渡或动画中一维数值的改变速度。这实质上让你可以自己定义一个加速度曲线,以便动画的速度在动画的过程中可以进行改变。这些函数通常被称为缓动函数。</p>
<p>这是一个表示时间输出比率的函数,表示为{{cssxref("<number>")}},<code>0, 0</code> 代表初始状态,<code>1, 1 </code>代表终止状态。</p>
<p><img alt="" src="/files/3434/TF_with_output_gt_than_1.png" style="float: left; height: 171px; width: 129px;"><img alt="" src="/files/3435/TF_with_output_gt_than_1_clipped.png" style="float: left; height: 173px; margin-right: 5px; width: 130px;">输出比可以大于1.0(或者小于0.0)。这是因为在一种反弹效果中,动画是可以比最后的状态<span style="font-size: 14.4444446563721px; line-height: 23.3333339691162px;">走的</span>更远的,然后再回到最终状态。</p>
<p>不过,如果输出值超过了它允许的范围,比如组成一个颜色的值大于了255或者小于了0,这个值会被修改为允许范围内的最接近的值(在颜色值这个例子中分别为255和0)。一些贝塞尔曲线展示了这些性质。</p>
<h2 class="cleared" id="定时函数">定时函数</h2>
<div style="width: 100%;">
<p>CSS 支持两种定时函数:立方贝塞尔曲线的子集和阶梯函数。这些函数中最有用的是一个关键字,可以很容易地引用它们。</p>
<h3 id="cubic-bezier_定时函数"><code>cubic-bezier()</code> 定时函数</h3>
<table class="withoutBorder">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p><img alt="" class="internal lwrap" src="/files/3433/cubic-bezier,%20example.png" style="float: left;"></p>
</td>
<td>
<p><code>cubic-bezier()</code> 定义了一条 <a class="external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve#Cubic_B.C3.A9zier_curves" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9zier_curve#Cubic_B.C3.A9zier_curves">立方贝塞尔曲线(cubic Bézier curve)</a>。这些曲线是连续的,一般用于动画的平滑变换,也被称为缓动函数(<em>easing functions</em>)。</p>
<p>一条立方贝塞尔曲线需要四个点来定义,P<sub>0</sub> 、P<sub>1</sub> 、P<sub>2</sub> 和 P<sub>3</sub>。P<sub>0</sub> 和 P<sub>3</sub> 是起点和终点,这两个点被作为比例固定在坐标系上,横轴为时间比例,纵轴为完成状态。P<sub>0</sub> 是 <code>(0, 0),表示初始时间和初始状态。</code>P<sub>3</sub> 是 <code>(1, 1)</code> ,表示终止时间和终止状态。</p>
<p>并非所有的三次贝塞尔曲线都适合作为计时函数,也并非所有的曲线都是数学函数,即给定横坐标为0或1的曲线。在CSS定义的P0和P3固定的情况下,三次贝塞尔曲线是一个函数,因此,当且仅当P1和P2的横坐标都在[0,1]范围内时,三次贝塞尔曲线是有效的。</p>
<p>三次贝塞尔曲线的 P<sub>1</sub>或 P<sub>2</sub>坐标超出<code>[0, 1]</code> 范围可能会产生弹跳效果。</p>
<p>当指定的三次贝塞尔曲线无效时,CSS将忽略整个属性。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h4 id="语法">语法</h4>
<pre><code>cubic-bezier(<em>x<sub>1</sub></em>, <em>y<sub>1</sub></em>, <em>x<sub>2</sub></em>, <em>y<sub>2</sub></em>)</code>
</pre>
<p>其中,</p>
<dl>
<dt style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong><em>x<sub>1</sub></em>, <em>y<sub>1</sub></em>, <em>x<sub>2</sub></em>, <em>y<sub>2是<number>类型的值,它们代表当前定义立方贝塞尔曲线中的</sub></em></strong>P<sub>1</sub> 和 P<sub>2点的横坐标和纵坐标,X1和X2必须在[0,1]范围内,否则当前值无效。</sub></dt>
<dd style="margin-left: 40px;">Are {{cssxref("<number>")}} values representing the abscissas and ordinates of the P<sub>1</sub> and P<sub>2</sub> points defining the cubic Bézier curve. x<sub>1</sub> and x<sub>2</sub> must be in the range [0, 1] or the value is invalid.</dd>
</dl>
<h4 id="示例">示例</h4>
<p><code>CSS</code> 中允许使用这些贝塞尔曲线:</p>
<pre><code>cubic-bezier(0.1, 0.7, 1.0, 0.1) </code>The canonical Bézier curve with four <number> in the [0,1] range.
cubic-bezier(0, 0, 1, 1) Using <integer> is valid as any <integer> is also a <number>.
cubic-bezier(0.3, -1.9, 2.1, -0.2) Negative values for ordinates are valid, leading to bouncing effects.
cubic-bezier(0.1, 4, 0.6, 2.45) Values > 1.0 for ordinates are also valid.</pre>
<p>像这些贝塞尔曲线的定义是无效的:</p>
<pre>cubic-bezier(0.1, red, 1.0, green) Though the animated output type may be a color, Bézier curves work w/ numerical ratios.
cubic-bezier(-0.2, 0.6, -0.1, 0) Abscissas must be in the [0, 1] range or the curve is not a function of time.
cubic-bezier(0.3, 2.1) The two points must be defined, there is no default value.
cubic-bezier(1.1, 0, 4, 0) Abscissas must be in the [0, 1] range or the curve is not a function of time.
</pre>
<h3 id="The_steps_class_of_timing-functions">The <code>steps()</code> class of timing-functions</h3>
<table class="withoutBorder">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img alt="" src="/files/3436/steps(2,start).png" style="height: 332px; width: 248px;"></td>
<td><img alt="" src="/files/3437/steps(4,end).png" style="height: 332px; width: 248px;">
<table class="withoutBorder">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td rowspan="2">
<p><code>steps()</code> 定义了一个以等距步长划分值域的步长函数。这个阶跃函数的子类有时也称为阶梯函数。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</td>
<td rowspan="2"></td>
</tr>
<tr style="text-align: center;">
<td style="white-space: nowrap;"><code>steps(2, start)</code></td>
<td><code>steps(4, end)</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="Syntax">Syntax</h4>
<pre><code>steps(<em>number_of_steps</em>, <em>direction</em>)</code>
</pre>
<p>where :</p>
<dl>
<dt style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong><em>number_of_steps</em></strong></dt>
<dd style="margin-left: 40px;">Is a strictly positive {{cssxref("<integer>")}} representing the amount of equidistant treads composing the stepping function.</dd>
<dt style="margin-left: 40px;"><strong><em>direction</em></strong></dt>
<dd style="margin-left: 40px;">Is a keyword indicating if it the function is <a class="external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-continuous#Directional_and_semi-continuity" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-continuous#Directional_and_semi-continuity">left- or right-continuous</a>:
<ul>
<li style="margin-left: 40px;"><code>start</code> denotes a left-continuous function, so that the first step happens when the animation begins;</li>
<li style="margin-left: 40px;"><code>end</code> denotes a right-continuous function, so that the last step happens when the animation ends.</li>
</ul>
</dd>
</dl>
<h4 id="Examples">Examples</h4>
<p>These timing functions are valid :</p>
<pre>steps(5, end) There is 5 treads, the last one happens right before the end of the animation.
steps(2, start) A two-step staircase, the first one happening at the start of the animation.
</pre>
<p>These timing function are invalid :</p>
<pre>steps(2.0, end) The first parameter must be an <a title="integer"><integer></a> and cannot be a real value, even if it is equal to one.
steps(-3, start) The amount of steps must be non-negative.
steps(0, end) There must be at least one step.
steps(2) The second parameter is not optional.
steps(start, 3) Though of different types, the order of parameter is important.
step(1, end) Even if there is one step, the function name is steps, with the plural 's'
steps(3 end) The two parameters must be separated with a comma; one or several spaces is not enough.
</pre>
<h3 id="常用定时函数关键字">常用定时函数关键字</h3>
<h4 id="linear"><code>linear</code></h4>
<table class="withoutBorder">
<tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
<td><img alt="" src="/files/3425/cubic-bezier,linear.png" style="height: 332px; width: 249px;"></td>
<td>
<p>此关键字表示定时函数<code>cubic-bezier(</code><code>0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0</code><code>)</code>。使用这个定时函数,动画会以恒定的速度从初始状态过渡到结束状态。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="ease"><code>ease</code></h4>
<table class="withoutBorder">
<tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
<td><img alt="" src="/files/3429/cubic-bezier,ease.png" style="height: 332px; width: 244px;"></td>
<td>此关键字表示定时函数 <code>cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0)</code>。 这个函数类似于 <a href="/zh-CN/CSS/timing-function#ease-in-out" title="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/CSS/timing-function#ease-in-out"><code>ease-in-out</code></a>, 尽管它在开始时加速地更快,但在接近中间中,加速已经开始变慢了。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="ease-in"><code>ease-in</code></h4>
<table class="withoutBorder">
<tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
<td><img alt="" src="/files/3426/cubic-bezier,ease-in.png" style="height: 332px; width: 249px;"></td>
<td>
<p>此关键字表示定时函数<code>cubic-bezier(</code><code>0.42, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0</code><code>)</code>。动画开始时缓慢,然后逐步加速,知道达到最后状态,动画突然停止。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="ease-in-out"><code>ease-in-out</code></h4>
<table class="withoutBorder">
<tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
<td><img alt="" src="/files/3428/cubic-bezier,ease-in-out.png" style="height: 332px; width: 244px;"></td>
<td>
<p>此关键字表示定时函数 <code>cubic-bezier(</code><code>0.42, 0.0, 0.58, 1.0</code><code>)</code>。使用这个定时函数,动画开始的行为类似于 <a href="/zh-CN/CSS/timing-function#ease-in" title="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/CSS/timing-function#ease-in"><code>ease-in</code></a> 函数,动画结束时的行为类似于 <a href="/zh-CN/CSS/timing-function#ease-out" title="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/CSS/timing-function#ease-out"><code>ease-out</code></a>函数。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="ease-out"><code>ease-out</code></h4>
<table class="withoutBorder">
<tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
<td><img alt="" src="/files/3427/cubic-bezer,ease-out.png" style="height: 332px; width: 249px;"></td>
<td>
<p>此关键字表示定时函数 <code>cubic-bezier(</code><code>0.0, 0.0, 0.58, 1.0</code><code>)</code>。动画开始很快,然后逐渐减慢,直到最终状态。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="step-start"><code>step-start</code></h4>
<table class="withoutBorder">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><img alt="" src="/files/3423/steps(1,start).png" style="height: 332px; width: 248px;">此关键字表示定时函数 <code>steps(1, start)</code>。使用这个定时函数,动画会立刻跳转到结束状态,并一直停留在结束状态直到动画结束。</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h4 id="step-end"><code>step-end</code></h4>
<table class="withoutBorder">
<tbody>
<tr style="vertical-align: top;">
<td><img alt="" src="/files/3424/steps(1,end).png" style="height: 332px; width: 248px;"></td>
<td>
<p>此关键字表示定时函数 <code>steps(1, end)</code>。使用这个定时函数,动画会一直保持初始状态直到动画结束,然后立刻跳转到结束状态。</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Specification</th>
<th>Status</th>
<th>Comment</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>{{ SpecName('CSS3 Transitions', '#transition-timing-function', '<timing-function>') }}</td>
<td>{{ Spec2('CSS3 Transitions') }}</td>
<td>Defined anonymously</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{{ SpecName('CSS3 Animations', '#animation-timing-function', '<timing-function>') }}</td>
<td>{{ Spec2('CSS3 Animations') }}</td>
<td>Defined anonymously, says to see definition in the CSS Transitions Module</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
<p>{{Compat("css.types.timing-function", 2)}}</p>
<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Animations">CSS Animations</a></li>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Transitions">CSS Transitions</a></li>
<li><a href="http://cubic-bezier.com/">cubic-bezier</a></li>
</ul>
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