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---
title: HTTP
slug: Web/HTTP
tags:
- HTTP
- NeedsTranslation
translation_of: Web/HTTP
---
<div>{{HTTPSidebar}}</div>
<p class="summary"><strong>超文本傳輸協定<dfn> (HTTP)</dfn></strong> 是一種用來傳輸超媒體文件 (像是HTML文件) 的<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_Layer">應用層</a>協定，被設計來讓瀏覽器和伺服器進行溝通，但也可做其他用途。HTTP 遵循標準<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client%E2%80%93server_model">客戶端—伺服器</a>模式，由客戶端連線以發送請求，然後等待接收回應。HTTP 是一種<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stateless_protocol">無狀態協定</a>，意思是伺服器不會保存任兩個請求間的任何資料 (狀態)。儘管作為 TCP/IP 的應用層，HTTP 亦可應用於其他可靠的<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer">傳輸層</a> (例如 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_Datagram_Protocol">UDP</a>)，只要不會無聲無息地遺失訊息即可。</p>
<div class="column-container">
<div class="column-half">
<h2 id="教學">教學</h2>
<p>學習如何使用HTTP的指南和教程。</p>
<dl>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Overview">HTTP的概觀</a></dt>
<dd>基本特性：它能做什麼與它的用途</dd>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Caching">HTTP Cache</a></dt>
<dd>Cache對網站速度很重要。 此文章描敘不同的方法使用HTTP Header控制它。</dd>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Cookies">HTTP Cookies</a></dt>
<dd><a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265">RFC 6265</a> 定義了cookies的工作方式，當HTTP請求一個服務時，一個伺服器可以發送一個<code>Set-Cookie</code>的HTTP header回應。客戶端將以header的方式回傳cookie值給每個請求的同 一個伺服器，Cookie也會在某些時間進行更新，或是限制一個實體網域或路徑。</dd>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS">HTTP Access Control (CORS)</a></dt>
<dd><strong>Cross-site HTTP requests </strong>是來自不同網域的資源請求。舉個例子，一個HTML網頁從網域A (<code>http://domaina.example/</code>) 從網域B(<code>http://domainb.foo/image.jpg</code>)請求一個圖片，經由<code>img</code>元件。現今的網頁通常會讀取跨站資源，包括CSS樣式表、圖片、腳本與其他資源。CORS允許網頁開發人員的網站響應跨站讀取。</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Basics_of_HTTP/Evolution_of_HTTP">HTTP的演化</a></dt>
<dd>HTTP早期版本變化的簡要說明，到現在的HTTP/2與其他版本。</dd>
<dt><a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Guidelines/Web_Security">網頁安全方針</a></dt>
<dd>一些技巧幫助運作團隊開發安全的網頁。</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Messages">HTTP 訊息</a></dt>
<dd>描述HTTP/1與HTTP/2不同類別與結構。</dd>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Session">一個典型HTTP對話</a></dt>
<dd>顯示並解釋HTTP的通常對話流程。</dd>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Connection_management_in_HTTP_1.x">HTTP/1.x的連接管理</a></dt>
<dd>描述在HTTP/1.x中可用的三種連接管理。</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<div class="column-half">
<h2 id="參考">參考</h2>
<p>詳細的HTTP參考文件。</p>
<dl>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers">HTTP Headers</a></dt>
<dd>HTTP message headers are used to describe a resource, or the behavior of the server or the client. Custom proprietary headers can be added using the <code>X-</code> prefix; others in an <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/perm-headers.html">IANA registry</a>, whose original content was defined in <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4229">RFC 4229</a>. IANA also maintains a <a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/message-headers/prov-headers.html">registry of proposed new HTTP message headers</a>.</dd>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods">HTTP 請求方法</a></dt>
<dd>透過 HTTP 有幾種不同操作方法：{{HTTPMethod("GET")}}, {{HTTPMethod("POST")}}, and also less common requests like {{HTTPMethod("OPTIONS")}}, {{HTTPMethod("DELETE")}}, or {{HTTPMethod("TRACE")}}.</dd>
<dt><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Response_codes">HTTP 狀態回應碼</a></dt>
<dd>HTTP response codes indicate whether a specific HTTP request has been successfully completed. Responses are grouped in five classes: informational responses, successful responses, redirections, client errors, and servers errors.</dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Security-Policy">CSP directives</a></dt>
<dd>The {{HTTPHeader("Content-Security-Policy")}} response header fields allows web site administrators to control resources the user agent is allowed to load for a given page. With a few exceptions, policies mostly involve specifying server origins and script endpoints.</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="工具與資源">工具與資源</h2>
<p>Helpful tools and resources for understanding and debugging HTTP.</p>
<dl>
<dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Tools">Firefox Developer Tools</a></dt>
<dd><a href="/en-US/docs/Tools/Network_Monitor">Network monitor</a></dd>
<dt><a href="https://observatory.mozilla.org/">Mozilla Observatory</a></dt>
<dd>
<p>A project designed to help developers, system administrators, and security professionals configure their sites safely and securely.</p>
</dd>
<dt><a class="external" href="https://redbot.org/">RedBot</a></dt>
<dd>Tools to check your cache-related headers</dd>
<dt><a href="http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/">How Browsers Work</a></dt>
<dd>A very comprehensive article on browser internals and request flow through HTTP protocol. A MUST-READ for any web developer.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
|
