Report StatusConflict on Pod opt partial failures

- When one or more containers in the Pod reports an error on an operation
report StatusConflict and report the error(s)

- jsoniter type encoding used to marshal error as string using error.Error()

- Update test framework to allow setting any flag when creating pods

- Fix test_resize() result check

Fixes #8865

Signed-off-by: Jhon Honce <jhonce@redhat.com>

23 files changed, 352 insertions, 199 deletions

diff --git a/pkg/api/handlers/compat/resize.go b/pkg/api/handlers/compat/resize.go
index cc8c6ef0a..a769ae1b5 100644
--- a/pkg/api/handlers/compat/resize.go
+++ b/pkg/api/handlers/compat/resize.go
@@ -84,5 +84,5 @@ func ResizeTTY(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		// reasons.
 		status = http.StatusCreated
 	}
-	utils.WriteResponse(w, status, "")
+	w.WriteHeader(status)
 }
diff --git a/pkg/api/handlers/libpod/pods.go b/pkg/api/handlers/libpod/pods.go
index 2409d3a20..2c35dd191 100644
--- a/pkg/api/handlers/libpod/pods.go
+++ b/pkg/api/handlers/libpod/pods.go
@@ -139,19 +139,20 @@ func PodStop(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 			logrus.Errorf("Error cleaning up pod %s container %s: %v", pod.ID(), id, err)
 		}
 	}
-	var errs []error //nolint
+
+	report := entities.PodStopReport{Id: pod.ID()}
 	for id, err := range responses {
-		errs = append(errs, errors.Wrapf(err, "error stopping container %s", id))
+		report.Errs = append(report.Errs, errors.Wrapf(err, "error stopping container %s", id))
 	}
-	report := entities.PodStopReport{
-		Errs: errs,
-		Id:   pod.ID(),
+
+	code := http.StatusOK
+	if len(report.Errs) > 0 {
+		code = http.StatusConflict
 	}
-	utils.WriteResponse(w, http.StatusOK, report)
+	utils.WriteResponse(w, code, report)
 }
 
 func PodStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	var errs []error //nolint
 	runtime := r.Context().Value("runtime").(*libpod.Runtime)
 	name := utils.GetName(r)
 	pod, err := runtime.LookupPod(name)
@@ -168,19 +169,23 @@ func PodStart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		utils.WriteResponse(w, http.StatusNotModified, "")
 		return
 	}
+
 	responses, err := pod.Start(r.Context())
 	if err != nil && errors.Cause(err) != define.ErrPodPartialFail {
-		utils.Error(w, "Something went wrong", http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
+		utils.Error(w, "Something went wrong", http.StatusConflict, err)
 		return
 	}
+
+	report := entities.PodStartReport{Id: pod.ID()}
 	for id, err := range responses {
-		errs = append(errs, errors.Wrapf(err, "error starting container %s", id))
+		report.Errs = append(report.Errs, errors.Wrapf(err, "error starting container "+id))
 	}
-	report := entities.PodStartReport{
-		Errs: errs,
-		Id:   pod.ID(),
+
+	code := http.StatusOK
+	if len(report.Errs) > 0 {
+		code = http.StatusConflict
 	}
-	utils.WriteResponse(w, http.StatusOK, report)
+	utils.WriteResponse(w, code, report)
 }
 
 func PodDelete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -209,14 +214,11 @@ func PodDelete(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		utils.Error(w, "Something went wrong", http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
 		return
 	}
-	report := entities.PodRmReport{
-		Id: pod.ID(),
-	}
+	report := entities.PodRmReport{Id: pod.ID()}
 	utils.WriteResponse(w, http.StatusOK, report)
 }
 
 func PodRestart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	var errs []error //nolint
 	runtime := r.Context().Value("runtime").(*libpod.Runtime)
 	name := utils.GetName(r)
 	pod, err := runtime.LookupPod(name)
@@ -229,14 +231,17 @@ func PodRestart(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		utils.Error(w, "Something went wrong", http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
 		return
 	}
+
+	report := entities.PodRestartReport{Id: pod.ID()}
 	for id, err := range responses {
-		errs = append(errs, errors.Wrapf(err, "error restarting container %s", id))
+		report.Errs = append(report.Errs, errors.Wrapf(err, "error restarting container %s", id))
 	}
-	report := entities.PodRestartReport{
-		Errs: errs,
-		Id:   pod.ID(),
+
+	code := http.StatusOK
+	if len(report.Errs) > 0 {
+		code = http.StatusConflict
 	}
-	utils.WriteResponse(w, http.StatusOK, report)
+	utils.WriteResponse(w, code, report)
 }
 
 func PodPrune(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -267,7 +272,6 @@ func PodPruneHelper(r *http.Request) ([]*entities.PodPruneReport, error) {
 }
 
 func PodPause(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	var errs []error //nolint
 	runtime := r.Context().Value("runtime").(*libpod.Runtime)
 	name := utils.GetName(r)
 	pod, err := runtime.LookupPod(name)
@@ -280,18 +284,20 @@ func PodPause(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		utils.Error(w, "Something went wrong", http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
 		return
 	}
+
+	report := entities.PodPauseReport{Id: pod.ID()}
 	for id, v := range responses {
-		errs = append(errs, errors.Wrapf(v, "error pausing container %s", id))
+		report.Errs = append(report.Errs, errors.Wrapf(v, "error pausing container %s", id))
 	}
-	report := entities.PodPauseReport{
-		Errs: errs,
-		Id:   pod.ID(),
+
+	code := http.StatusOK
+	if len(report.Errs) > 0 {
+		code = http.StatusConflict
 	}
-	utils.WriteResponse(w, http.StatusOK, report)
+	utils.WriteResponse(w, code, report)
 }
 
 func PodUnpause(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-	var errs []error //nolint
 	runtime := r.Context().Value("runtime").(*libpod.Runtime)
 	name := utils.GetName(r)
 	pod, err := runtime.LookupPod(name)
@@ -304,14 +310,17 @@ func PodUnpause(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		utils.Error(w, "failed to pause pod", http.StatusInternalServerError, err)
 		return
 	}
+
+	report := entities.PodUnpauseReport{Id: pod.ID()}
 	for id, v := range responses {
-		errs = append(errs, errors.Wrapf(v, "error unpausing container %s", id))
+		report.Errs = append(report.Errs, errors.Wrapf(v, "error unpausing container %s", id))
 	}
-	report := entities.PodUnpauseReport{
-		Errs: errs,
-		Id:   pod.ID(),
+
+	code := http.StatusOK
+	if len(report.Errs) > 0 {
+		code = http.StatusConflict
 	}
-	utils.WriteResponse(w, http.StatusOK, &report)
+	utils.WriteResponse(w, code, &report)
 }
 
 func PodTop(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -361,7 +370,6 @@ func PodKill(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		runtime = r.Context().Value("runtime").(*libpod.Runtime)
 		decoder = r.Context().Value("decoder").(*schema.Decoder)
 		signal  = "SIGKILL"
-		errs    []error //nolint
 	)
 	query := struct {
 		Signal string `schema:"signal"`
@@ -413,16 +421,18 @@ func PodKill(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	report := &entities.PodKillReport{Id: pod.ID()}
 	for _, v := range responses {
 		if v != nil {
-			errs = append(errs, v)
+			report.Errs = append(report.Errs, v)
 		}
 	}
-	report := &entities.PodKillReport{
-		Errs: errs,
-		Id:   pod.ID(),
+
+	code := http.StatusOK
+	if len(report.Errs) > 0 {
+		code = http.StatusConflict
 	}
-	utils.WriteResponse(w, http.StatusOK, report)
+	utils.WriteResponse(w, code, report)
 }
 
 func PodExists(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
diff --git a/pkg/api/handlers/utils/handler.go b/pkg/api/handlers/utils/handler.go
index 517dccad0..ebbe7f24f 100644
--- a/pkg/api/handlers/utils/handler.go
+++ b/pkg/api/handlers/utils/handler.go
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 package utils
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/blang/semver"
 	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+	jsoniter "github.com/json-iterator/go"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
 )
@@ -144,6 +145,50 @@ func WriteResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, value interface{}) {
 	}
 }
 
+func init() {
+	jsoniter.RegisterTypeEncoderFunc("error", MarshalErrorJSON, MarshalErrorJSONIsEmpty)
+	jsoniter.RegisterTypeEncoderFunc("[]error", MarshalErrorSliceJSON, MarshalErrorSliceJSONIsEmpty)
+}
+
+var json = jsoniter.ConfigCompatibleWithStandardLibrary
+
+// MarshalErrorJSON writes error to stream as string
+func MarshalErrorJSON(ptr unsafe.Pointer, stream *jsoniter.Stream) {
+	p := *((*error)(ptr))
+	if p == nil {
+		stream.WriteNil()
+	} else {
+		stream.WriteString(p.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+// MarshalErrorSliceJSON writes []error to stream as []string JSON blob
+func MarshalErrorSliceJSON(ptr unsafe.Pointer, stream *jsoniter.Stream) {
+	a := *((*[]error)(ptr))
+	switch {
+	case len(a) == 0:
+		stream.WriteNil()
+	default:
+		stream.WriteArrayStart()
+		for i, e := range a {
+			if i > 0 {
+				stream.WriteMore()
+			}
+			stream.WriteString(e.Error())
+		}
+		stream.WriteArrayEnd()
+	}
+}
+
+func MarshalErrorJSONIsEmpty(_ unsafe.Pointer) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func MarshalErrorSliceJSONIsEmpty(_ unsafe.Pointer) bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+// WriteJSON writes an interface value encoded as JSON to w
 func WriteJSON(w http.ResponseWriter, code int, value interface{}) {
 	// FIXME: we don't need to write the header in all/some circumstances.
 	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
diff --git a/pkg/api/server/register_pods.go b/pkg/api/server/register_pods.go
index 105de4ee7..4873eb926 100644
--- a/pkg/api/server/register_pods.go
+++ b/pkg/api/server/register_pods.go
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ func (s *APIServer) registerPodsHandlers(r *mux.Router) error {
 	//     $ref: "#/definitions/IdResponse"
 	//   400:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/BadParamError"
+	//   409:
+	//     description: status conflict
+	//     schema:
+	//       type: string
+	//       description: message describing error
 	//   500:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/InternalError"
 	r.Handle(VersionedPath("/libpod/pods/create"), s.APIHandler(libpod.PodCreate)).Methods(http.MethodPost)
@@ -149,7 +154,7 @@ func (s *APIServer) registerPodsHandlers(r *mux.Router) error {
 	//   404:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/NoSuchPod"
 	//   409:
-	//     $ref: "#/responses/ConflictError"
+	//     $ref: "#/responses/PodKillReport"
 	//   500:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/InternalError"
 	r.Handle(VersionedPath("/libpod/pods/{name}/kill"), s.APIHandler(libpod.PodKill)).Methods(http.MethodPost)
@@ -170,6 +175,8 @@ func (s *APIServer) registerPodsHandlers(r *mux.Router) error {
 	//     $ref: '#/responses/PodPauseReport'
 	//   404:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/NoSuchPod"
+	//   409:
+	//     $ref: '#/responses/PodPauseReport'
 	//   500:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/InternalError"
 	r.Handle(VersionedPath("/libpod/pods/{name}/pause"), s.APIHandler(libpod.PodPause)).Methods(http.MethodPost)
@@ -189,6 +196,8 @@ func (s *APIServer) registerPodsHandlers(r *mux.Router) error {
 	//     $ref: '#/responses/PodRestartReport'
 	//   404:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/NoSuchPod"
+	//   409:
+	//     $ref: "#/responses/PodRestartReport"
 	//   500:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/InternalError"
 	r.Handle(VersionedPath("/libpod/pods/{name}/restart"), s.APIHandler(libpod.PodRestart)).Methods(http.MethodPost)
@@ -210,6 +219,8 @@ func (s *APIServer) registerPodsHandlers(r *mux.Router) error {
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/PodAlreadyStartedError"
 	//   404:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/NoSuchPod"
+	//   409:
+	//     $ref: '#/responses/PodStartReport'
 	//   500:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/InternalError"
 	r.Handle(VersionedPath("/libpod/pods/{name}/start"), s.APIHandler(libpod.PodStart)).Methods(http.MethodPost)
@@ -237,6 +248,8 @@ func (s *APIServer) registerPodsHandlers(r *mux.Router) error {
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/BadParamError"
 	//   404:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/NoSuchPod"
+	//   409:
+	//     $ref: "#/responses/PodStopReport"
 	//   500:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/InternalError"
 	r.Handle(VersionedPath("/libpod/pods/{name}/stop"), s.APIHandler(libpod.PodStop)).Methods(http.MethodPost)
@@ -256,6 +269,8 @@ func (s *APIServer) registerPodsHandlers(r *mux.Router) error {
 	//     $ref: '#/responses/PodUnpauseReport'
 	//   404:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/NoSuchPod"
+	//   409:
+	//     $ref: '#/responses/PodUnpauseReport'
 	//   500:
 	//     $ref: "#/responses/InternalError"
 	r.Handle(VersionedPath("/libpod/pods/{name}/unpause"), s.APIHandler(libpod.PodUnpause)).Methods(http.MethodPost)
diff --git a/test/apiv2/rest_api/test_rest_v2_0_0.py b/test/apiv2/rest_api/test_rest_v2_0_0.py
index c4faa1548..9ce0803fb 100644
--- a/test/apiv2/rest_api/test_rest_v2_0_0.py
+++ b/test/apiv2/rest_api/test_rest_v2_0_0.py
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ class TestApi(unittest.TestCase):
         r = requests.post(_url(ctnr("/containers/{}/resize?h=43&w=80")))
         self.assertIn(r.status_code, (200, 409), r.text)
         if r.status_code == 200:
-            self.assertIsNone(r.text)
+            self.assertEqual(r.text, "", r.text)
 
     def test_attach_containers(self):
         self.skipTest("FIXME: Test timeouts")
@@ -359,14 +359,14 @@ class TestApi(unittest.TestCase):
 
         # Had issues with this test hanging when repositories not happy
         def do_search1():
-            payload = {'term': 'alpine'}
+            payload = {"term": "alpine"}
             r = requests.get(url, params=payload, timeout=5)
             self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200, r.text)
             objs = json.loads(r.text)
             self.assertIn(type(objs), (list,))
 
         def do_search2():
-            payload = {'term': 'alpine', 'limit': 1}
+            payload = {"term": "alpine", "limit": 1}
             r = requests.get(url, params=payload, timeout=5)
             self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200, r.text)
             objs = json.loads(r.text)
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ class TestApi(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(len(objs), 1)
 
         def do_search3():
-            payload = {'term': 'alpine', 'filters': '{"is-official":["true"]}'}
+            payload = {"term": "alpine", "filters": '{"is-official":["true"]}'}
             r = requests.get(url, params=payload, timeout=5)
             self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200, r.text)
             objs = json.loads(r.text)
@@ -383,14 +383,14 @@ class TestApi(unittest.TestCase):
             self.assertEqual(len(objs), 1)
 
         def do_search4():
-            headers = {'X-Registry-Auth': 'null'}
-            payload = {'term': 'alpine'}
+            headers = {"X-Registry-Auth": "null"}
+            payload = {"term": "alpine"}
             r = requests.get(url, params=payload, headers=headers, timeout=5)
             self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200, r.text)
 
         def do_search5():
-            headers = {'X-Registry-Auth': 'invalid value'}
-            payload = {'term': 'alpine'}
+            headers = {"X-Registry-Auth": "invalid value"}
+            payload = {"term": "alpine"}
             r = requests.get(url, params=payload, headers=headers, timeout=5)
             self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 400, r.text)
 
@@ -620,15 +620,19 @@ class TestApi(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertIsNotNone(prune_payload["ImagesDeleted"][1]["Deleted"])
 
     def test_status_compat(self):
-        r = requests.post(PODMAN_URL + "/v1.40/containers/create?name=topcontainer",
-                          json={"Cmd": ["top"], "Image": "alpine:latest"})
+        r = requests.post(
+            PODMAN_URL + "/v1.40/containers/create?name=topcontainer",
+            json={"Cmd": ["top"], "Image": "alpine:latest"},
+        )
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201, r.text)
         payload = json.loads(r.text)
         container_id = payload["Id"]
         self.assertIsNotNone(container_id)
 
-        r = requests.get(PODMAN_URL + "/v1.40/containers/json",
-                         params={'all': 'true', 'filters': f'{{"id":["{container_id}"]}}'})
+        r = requests.get(
+            PODMAN_URL + "/v1.40/containers/json",
+            params={"all": "true", "filters": f'{{"id":["{container_id}"]}}'},
+        )
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200, r.text)
         payload = json.loads(r.text)
         self.assertEqual(payload[0]["Status"], "Created")
@@ -636,8 +640,10 @@ class TestApi(unittest.TestCase):
         r = requests.post(PODMAN_URL + f"/v1.40/containers/{container_id}/start")
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 204, r.text)
 
-        r = requests.get(PODMAN_URL + "/v1.40/containers/json",
-                         params={'all': 'true', 'filters': f'{{"id":["{container_id}"]}}'})
+        r = requests.get(
+            PODMAN_URL + "/v1.40/containers/json",
+            params={"all": "true", "filters": f'{{"id":["{container_id}"]}}'},
+        )
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200, r.text)
         payload = json.loads(r.text)
         self.assertTrue(str(payload[0]["Status"]).startswith("Up"))
@@ -645,8 +651,10 @@ class TestApi(unittest.TestCase):
         r = requests.post(PODMAN_URL + f"/v1.40/containers/{container_id}/pause")
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 204, r.text)
 
-        r = requests.get(PODMAN_URL + "/v1.40/containers/json",
-                         params={'all': 'true', 'filters': f'{{"id":["{container_id}"]}}'})
+        r = requests.get(
+            PODMAN_URL + "/v1.40/containers/json",
+            params={"all": "true", "filters": f'{{"id":["{container_id}"]}}'},
+        )
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200, r.text)
         payload = json.loads(r.text)
         self.assertTrue(str(payload[0]["Status"]).startswith("Up"))
@@ -657,8 +665,10 @@ class TestApi(unittest.TestCase):
         r = requests.post(PODMAN_URL + f"/v1.40/containers/{container_id}/stop")
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 204, r.text)
 
-        r = requests.get(PODMAN_URL + "/v1.40/containers/json",
-                         params={'all': 'true', 'filters': f'{{"id":["{container_id}"]}}'})
+        r = requests.get(
+            PODMAN_URL + "/v1.40/containers/json",
+            params={"all": "true", "filters": f'{{"id":["{container_id}"]}}'},
+        )
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200, r.text)
         payload = json.loads(r.text)
         self.assertTrue(str(payload[0]["Status"]).startswith("Exited"))
@@ -666,6 +676,60 @@ class TestApi(unittest.TestCase):
         r = requests.delete(PODMAN_URL + f"/v1.40/containers/{container_id}")
         self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 204, r.text)
 
+    def test_pod_start_conflict(self):
+        """Verify issue #8865"""
+
+        pod_name = list()
+        pod_name.append("Pod_" + "".join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for i in range(10)))
+        pod_name.append("Pod_" + "".join(random.choice(string.ascii_letters) for i in range(10)))
+
+        r = requests.post(
+            _url("/pods/create"),
+            json={
+                "name": pod_name[0],
+                "no_infra": False,
+                "portmappings": [{"host_ip": "127.0.0.1", "host_port": 8889, "container_port": 89}],
+            },
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201, r.text)
+        r = requests.post(
+            _url("/containers/create"),
+            json={
+                "pod": pod_name[0],
+                "image": "docker.io/alpine:latest",
+                "command": ["top"],
+            },
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201, r.text)
+
+        r = requests.post(
+            _url("/pods/create"),
+            json={
+                "name": pod_name[1],
+                "no_infra": False,
+                "portmappings": [{"host_ip": "127.0.0.1", "host_port": 8889, "container_port": 89}],
+            },
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201, r.text)
+        r = requests.post(
+            _url("/containers/create"),
+            json={
+                "pod": pod_name[1],
+                "image": "docker.io/alpine:latest",
+                "command": ["top"],
+            },
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 201, r.text)
+
+        r = requests.post(_url(f"/pods/{pod_name[0]}/start"))
+        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 200, r.text)
+
+        r = requests.post(_url(f"/pods/{pod_name[1]}/start"))
+        self.assertEqual(r.status_code, 409, r.text)
+
+        start = json.loads(r.text)
+        self.assertGreater(len(start["Errs"]), 0, r.text)
+
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/e2e/common_test.go b/test/e2e/common_test.go
index ffa6f1329..61c0cb4fe 100644
--- a/test/e2e/common_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/common_test.go
@@ -518,27 +518,15 @@ func (s *PodmanSessionIntegration) InspectPodArrToJSON() []define.InspectPodData
 
 // CreatePod creates a pod with no infra container
 // it optionally takes a pod name
-func (p *PodmanTestIntegration) CreatePod(name string) (*PodmanSessionIntegration, int, string) {
-	var podmanArgs = []string{"pod", "create", "--infra=false", "--share", ""}
-	if name != "" {
-		podmanArgs = append(podmanArgs, "--name", name)
+func (p *PodmanTestIntegration) CreatePod(options map[string][]string) (*PodmanSessionIntegration, int, string) {
+	var args = []string{"pod", "create", "--infra=false", "--share", ""}
+	for k, values := range options {
+		for _, v := range values {
+			args = append(args, k+"="+v)
+		}
 	}
-	session := p.Podman(podmanArgs)
-	session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
-	return session, session.ExitCode(), session.OutputToString()
-}
 
-// CreatePod creates a pod with no infra container and some labels.
-// it optionally takes a pod name
-func (p *PodmanTestIntegration) CreatePodWithLabels(name string, labels map[string]string) (*PodmanSessionIntegration, int, string) {
-	var podmanArgs = []string{"pod", "create", "--infra=false", "--share", ""}
-	if name != "" {
-		podmanArgs = append(podmanArgs, "--name", name)
-	}
-	for labelKey, labelValue := range labels {
-		podmanArgs = append(podmanArgs, "--label", fmt.Sprintf("%s=%s", labelKey, labelValue))
-	}
-	session := p.Podman(podmanArgs)
+	session := p.Podman(args)
 	session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 	return session, session.ExitCode(), session.OutputToString()
 }
diff --git a/test/e2e/exists_test.go b/test/e2e/exists_test.go
index 480bfe5fc..306e8c250 100644
--- a/test/e2e/exists_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/exists_test.go
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman image|container exists", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod exists in local storage by name", func() {
-		setup, _, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar")
+		setup, _, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar"}})
 		setup.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(setup).Should(Exit(0))
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman image|container exists", func() {
 		Expect(session).Should(Exit(0))
 	})
 	It("podman pod exists in local storage by container ID", func() {
-		setup, _, podID := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		setup, _, podID := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		setup.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(setup).Should(Exit(0))
 
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman image|container exists", func() {
 		Expect(session).Should(Exit(0))
 	})
 	It("podman pod exists in local storage by short container ID", func() {
-		setup, _, podID := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		setup, _, podID := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		setup.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(setup).Should(Exit(0))
 
diff --git a/test/e2e/generate_kube_test.go b/test/e2e/generate_kube_test.go
index 83b9cfb14..dba366a1e 100644
--- a/test/e2e/generate_kube_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/generate_kube_test.go
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman generate kube", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman generate kube on pod", func() {
-		_, rc, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("toppod")
+		_, rc, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"toppod"}})
 		Expect(rc).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("topcontainer", "toppod")
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman generate kube", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman generate service kube on pod", func() {
-		_, rc, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("toppod")
+		_, rc, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"toppod"}})
 		Expect(rc).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("topcontainer", "toppod")
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman generate kube", func() {
 
 	It("podman generate and reimport kube on pod", func() {
 		podName := "toppod"
-		_, rc, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(podName)
+		_, rc, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {podName}})
 		Expect(rc).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", podName, "--name", "test1", ALPINE, "top"})
@@ -412,7 +412,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman generate kube", func() {
 
 	It("podman generate with user and reimport kube on pod", func() {
 		podName := "toppod"
-		_, rc, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(podName)
+		_, rc, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {podName}})
 		Expect(rc).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", podName, "--name", "test1", "--user", "100:200", ALPINE, "top"})
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_create_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_create_test.go
index 575f9df68..fc634d36f 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_create_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_create_test.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod create", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman create pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podID := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podID := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		check := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "-q", "--no-trunc"})
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod create", func() {
 
 	It("podman create pod with name", func() {
 		name := "test"
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(name)
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {name}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		check := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "--no-trunc"})
@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod create", func() {
 
 	It("podman create pod with doubled name", func() {
 		name := "test"
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(name)
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {name}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec2, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(name)
+		_, ec2, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {name}})
 		Expect(ec2).To(Not(Equal(0)))
 
 		check := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "-q"})
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod create", func() {
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(name)
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {name}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Not(Equal(0)))
 
 		check := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "-q"})
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_inspect_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_inspect_test.go
index fd9589afe..d9c4a393a 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_inspect_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_inspect_test.go
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod inspect", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman inspect a pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_kill_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_kill_test.go
index 710147893..06d244f99 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_kill_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_kill_test.go
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod kill", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod kill a pod by id", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod kill", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod kill a pod by id with TERM", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod kill", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod kill a pod by name", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("test1")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"test1"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod kill", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod kill a pod by id with a bogus signal", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("test1")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"test1"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -100,14 +100,14 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod kill", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod kill latest pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid2)
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod kill", func() {
 
 	It("podman pod kill all", func() {
 		SkipIfRootlessCgroupsV1("Not supported for rootless + CGroupsV1")
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod kill", func() {
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid2)
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_pause_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_pause_test.go
index 3dabf7b4a..0c1b39f38 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_pause_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_pause_test.go
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod pause", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod pause a created pod by id", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "pause", podid})
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod pause", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod pause a running pod by id", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod pause", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman unpause a running pod by id", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod pause", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod pause a running pod by name", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("test1")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"test1"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", "test1")
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_prune_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_prune_test.go
index 0346cfdc8..d1ebf7249 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_prune_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_prune_test.go
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod prune", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod prune empty pod", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "prune", "--force"})
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod prune", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod prune doesn't remove a pod with a running container", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		ec2 := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod prune", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod prune removes a pod with a stopped container", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		_, ec2, _ := podmanTest.RunLsContainerInPod("", podid)
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_ps_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_ps_test.go
index 9f63c1d5d..c20cb44e7 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_ps_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_ps_test.go
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod ps default", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod ps quiet flag", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.RunLsContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod ps no-trunc", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		_, ec2, _ := podmanTest.RunLsContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -86,10 +86,10 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 
 	It("podman pod ps latest", func() {
 		SkipIfRemote("--latest flag n/a")
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec2, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec2, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec2).To(Equal(0))
 
 		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "-q", "--no-trunc", "--latest"})
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod ps id filter flag", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "--filter", fmt.Sprintf("id=%s", podid)})
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod ps filter name regexp", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("mypod")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"mypod"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
-		_, ec2, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("mypod1")
+		_, ec2, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"mypod1"}})
 		Expect(ec2).To(Equal(0))
 
 		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "-q", "--no-trunc", "--filter", "name=mypod"})
@@ -138,13 +138,13 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod ps --sort by name", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec2, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec2, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec2).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec3, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec3, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec3).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "--sort=name", "--format", "{{.Name}}"})
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 
 	It("podman pod ps --ctr-names", func() {
 		SkipIfRootlessCgroupsV1("Not supported for rootless + CGroupsV1")
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test1", podid)
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod ps filter ctr attributes", func() {
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test1", podid1)
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec2, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec2, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec2).To(Equal(0))
 
 		_, ec3, cid := podmanTest.RunLsContainerInPod("test2", podid2)
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 		Expect(session.OutputToString()).To(ContainSubstring(podid2))
 		Expect(session.OutputToString()).To(Not(ContainSubstring(podid1)))
 
-		_, ec3, podid3 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec3, podid3 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec3).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "-q", "--no-trunc", "--filter", "ctr-number=1"})
@@ -259,23 +259,20 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod ps filter labels", func() {
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
-		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
+		s, _, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
+		Expect(s).To(Exit(0))
 
-		_, ec, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePodWithLabels("", map[string]string{
-			"app":                "myapp",
-			"io.podman.test.key": "irrelevant-value",
+		s, _, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{
+			"--label": {"app=myapp", "io.podman.test.key=irrelevant-value"},
 		})
-		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
+		Expect(s).To(Exit(0))
 
-		_, ec, podid3 := podmanTest.CreatePodWithLabels("", map[string]string{
-			"app": "test",
-		})
-		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
+		s, _, podid3 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--label": {"app=test"}})
+		Expect(s).To(Exit(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "--no-trunc", "--filter", "label=app", "--filter", "label=app=myapp"})
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
-		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
+		Expect(session).To(Exit(0))
 		Expect(session.OutputToString()).To(Not(ContainSubstring(podid1)))
 		Expect(session.OutputToString()).To(ContainSubstring(podid2))
 		Expect(session.OutputToString()).To(Not(ContainSubstring(podid3)))
@@ -359,13 +356,13 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod ps format with labels", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec1, _ := podmanTest.CreatePodWithLabels("", map[string]string{
-			"io.podman.test.label": "value1",
-			"io.podman.test.key":   "irrelevant-value",
-		})
+		_, ec1, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--label": {
+			"io.podman.test.label=value1",
+			"io.podman.test.key=irrelevant-value",
+		}})
 		Expect(ec1).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "ps", "--format", "{{.Labels}}"})
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_restart_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_restart_test.go
index b358c2c7a..c6b1a0d46 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_restart_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_restart_test.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod restart", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod restart single empty pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "restart", podid})
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod restart", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod restart single pod by name", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test1", "foobar99")
@@ -68,14 +68,14 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod restart", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod restart multiple pods", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test1", "foobar99")
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar100")
+		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar100"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test2", "foobar100")
@@ -106,14 +106,14 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod restart", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod restart all pods", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test1", "foobar99")
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar100")
+		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar100"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test2", "foobar100")
@@ -134,14 +134,14 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod restart", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod restart latest pod", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test1", "foobar99")
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar100")
+		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar100"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test2", "foobar100")
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod restart", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod restart multiple pods with bogus", func() {
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", "foobar99")
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_rm_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_rm_test.go
index 24e945d5a..40a903cd0 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_rm_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_rm_test.go
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod rm", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod rm empty pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "rm", podid})
@@ -61,10 +61,10 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod rm", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod rm latest pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec2, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod("pod2")
+		_, ec2, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"pod2"}})
 		Expect(ec2).To(Equal(0))
 
 		latest := "--latest"
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod rm", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod rm removes a pod with a container", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		_, ec2, _ := podmanTest.RunLsContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod rm", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod rm -f does remove a running container", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -117,10 +117,10 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod rm", func() {
 
 	It("podman pod rm -a doesn't remove a running container", func() {
 		fmt.Printf("To start, there are %d pods\n", podmanTest.NumberOfPods())
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 		fmt.Printf("Started %d pods\n", podmanTest.NumberOfPods())
 
@@ -154,13 +154,13 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod rm", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod rm -fa removes everything", func() {
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid1)
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod rm", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman rm bogus pod and a running pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test1", podid1)
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod rm", func() {
 
 	It("podman rm --ignore bogus pod and a running pod", func() {
 
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test1", podid1)
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_start_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_start_test.go
index 63a915548..e14796ab3 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_start_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_start_test.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	. "github.com/containers/podman/v2/test/utils"
 	. "github.com/onsi/ginkgo"
 	. "github.com/onsi/gomega"
+	. "github.com/onsi/gomega/gexec"
 )
 
 var _ = Describe("Podman pod start", func() {
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod start", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod start single empty pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "start", podid})
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod start", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod start single pod by name", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", "foobar99", ALPINE, "ls"})
@@ -65,14 +66,14 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod start", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod start multiple pods", func() {
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", "foobar99", ALPINE, "top"})
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec2, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar100")
+		_, ec2, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar100"}})
 		Expect(ec2).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", "foobar100", ALPINE, "top"})
@@ -85,15 +86,45 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod start", func() {
 		Expect(podmanTest.NumberOfContainersRunning()).To(Equal(2))
 	})
 
+	It("multiple pods in conflict", func() {
+		podName := []string{"Pod_" + RandomString(10), "Pod_" + RandomString(10)}
+
+		pod, _, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{
+			"--infra":   {"true"},
+			"--name":    {podName[0]},
+			"--publish": {"127.0.0.1:8080:80"},
+		})
+		Expect(pod).To(Exit(0))
+
+		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", podName[0], ALPINE, "top"})
+		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session).To(Exit(0))
+
+		pod, _, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{
+			"--infra":   {"true"},
+			"--name":    {podName[1]},
+			"--publish": {"127.0.0.1:8080:80"},
+		})
+		Expect(pod).To(Exit(0))
+
+		session = podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", podName[1], ALPINE, "top"})
+		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session).To(Exit(0))
+
+		session = podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "start", podid1, podid2})
+		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
+		Expect(session).To(Exit(125))
+	})
+
 	It("podman pod start all pods", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", "foobar99", ALPINE, "top"})
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar100")
+		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar100"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", "foobar100", ALPINE, "top"})
@@ -107,14 +138,14 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod start", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod start latest pod", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", "foobar99", ALPINE, "top"})
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar100")
+		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar100"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", "foobar100", ALPINE, "top"})
@@ -132,7 +163,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod start", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod start multiple pods with bogus", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"create", "--pod", "foobar99", ALPINE, "top"})
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_stats_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_stats_test.go
index 1709b4f81..073d4752b 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_stats_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_stats_test.go
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stats", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman stats on a specific running pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stats", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman stats on a specific running pod with shortID", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stats", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman stats on a specific running pod with name", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("test")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"test"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stats", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman stats on running pods", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stats", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman stats on all pods", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stats", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman stats with json output", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stats", func() {
 		Expect(stats.IsJSONOutputValid()).To(BeTrue())
 	})
 	It("podman stats with GO template", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stats", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman stats with invalid GO template", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_stop_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_stop_test.go
index 4eb897786..30a5632d0 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_stop_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_stop_test.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stop", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman stop bogus pod and a running pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test1", podid1)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stop", func() {
 
 	It("podman stop --ignore bogus pod and a running pod", func() {
 
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("test1", podid1)
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stop", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod stop single empty pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"pod", "stop", podid})
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stop", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod stop single pod by name", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", "foobar99")
@@ -101,14 +101,14 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stop", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod stop multiple pods", func() {
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", "foobar99")
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec2, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar100")
+		_, ec2, podid2 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar100"}})
 		Expect(ec2).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", "foobar100")
@@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stop", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod stop all pods", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", "foobar99")
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar100")
+		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar100"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", "foobar100")
@@ -143,14 +143,14 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stop", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod stop latest pod", func() {
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", "foobar99")
 		session.WaitWithDefaultTimeout()
 		Expect(session.ExitCode()).To(Equal(0))
 
-		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar100")
+		_, ec, _ = podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar100"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session = podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", "foobar100")
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman pod stop", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod stop multiple pods with bogus", func() {
-		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, podid1 := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", "foobar99")
diff --git a/test/e2e/pod_top_test.go b/test/e2e/pod_top_test.go
index 9e3570360..e191b44fc 100644
--- a/test/e2e/pod_top_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/pod_top_test.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman top", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod top on non-running pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		result := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"top", podid})
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman top", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod top on pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"run", "-d", "--pod", podid, ALPINE, "top", "-d", "2"})
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman top", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod top with options", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"run", "-d", "--pod", podid, ALPINE, "top", "-d", "2"})
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman top", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod top on pod invalid options", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"run", "-d", "--pod", podid, ALPINE, "top", "-d", "2"})
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman top", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod top on pod with containers in same pid namespace", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"run", "-d", "--pod", podid, ALPINE, "top", "-d", "2"})
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman top", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman pod top on pod with containers in different namespace", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.Podman([]string{"run", "-d", "--pod", podid, ALPINE, "top", "-d", "2"})
diff --git a/test/e2e/ps_test.go b/test/e2e/ps_test.go
index d12534219..db3f7a36b 100644
--- a/test/e2e/ps_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/ps_test.go
@@ -389,7 +389,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 	})
 
 	It("podman --pod", func() {
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod("")
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(nil)
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podid)
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman ps", func() {
 
 	It("podman --pod with a non-empty pod name", func() {
 		podName := "testPodName"
-		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(podName)
+		_, ec, podid := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {podName}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("", podName)
diff --git a/test/e2e/restart_test.go b/test/e2e/restart_test.go
index bcaab8947..bfe9563ea 100644
--- a/test/e2e/restart_test.go
+++ b/test/e2e/restart_test.go
@@ -197,10 +197,10 @@ var _ = Describe("Podman restart", func() {
 		Expect(restartTime.OutputToStringArray()[1]).To(Not(Equal(startTime.OutputToStringArray()[1])))
 	})
 
-	It("Podman restart a container in a pod and hosts shouln't duplicated", func() {
+	It("Podman restart a container in a pod and hosts should not duplicated", func() {
 		// Fixes: https://github.com/containers/podman/issues/8921
 
-		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod("foobar99")
+		_, ec, _ := podmanTest.CreatePod(map[string][]string{"--name": {"foobar99"}})
 		Expect(ec).To(Equal(0))
 
 		session := podmanTest.RunTopContainerInPod("host-restart-test", "foobar99")
diff --git a/test/utils/utils.go b/test/utils/utils.go
index f21584537..6790f31cd 100644
--- a/test/utils/utils.go
+++ b/test/utils/utils.go
@@ -467,11 +467,14 @@ func Containerized() bool {
 	return false
 }
 
+func init() {
+	rand.Seed(GinkgoRandomSeed())
+}
+
 var randomLetters = []rune("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
 
 // RandomString returns a string of given length composed of random characters
 func RandomString(n int) string {
-	rand.Seed(GinkgoRandomSeed())
 
 	b := make([]rune, n)
 	for i := range b {