1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
|
# Podman: A tool for managing OCI containers and pods
Podman (the POD MANager) is a tool for managing containers and images, volumes mounted into those containers, and pods made from groups of containers.
Podman is based on libpod, a library for container lifecycle management that is also contained in this repository. The libpod library provides APIs for managing containers, pods, container images, and volumes.
* [Latest Version: 4.1.0](https://github.com/containers/podman/releases/tag/v4.1.0)
* Latest Remote client for Windows
* Latest Remote client for macOS
* Latest Static Remote client for Linux
* Continuous Integration: [](https://cirrus-ci.com/github/containers/podman/master)
* [GoDoc: ](https://godoc.org/github.com/containers/podman/libpod)
## Overview and scope
At a high level, the scope of Podman and libpod is the following:
* Support for multiple container image formats, including OCI and Docker images.
* Full management of those images, including pulling from various sources (including trust and verification), creating (built via Containerfile or Dockerfile or committed from a container), and pushing to registries and other storage backends.
* Full management of container lifecycle, including creation (both from an image and from an exploded root filesystem), running, checkpointing and restoring (via CRIU), and removal.
* Full management of container networking, using CNI, Netavark, and slirp4netns
* Support for pods, groups of containers that share resources and are managed together.
* Support for running containers and pods without root or other elevated privileges.
* Resource isolation of containers and pods.
* Support for a Docker-compatible CLI interface.
* No manager daemon, for improved security and lower resource utilization at idle.
* Support for a REST API providing both a Docker-compatible interface and an improved interface exposing advanced Podman functionality.
Podman presently only supports running containers on Linux. However, we are building a remote client which can run on Windows and macOS and manage Podman containers on a Linux system via the REST API using SSH tunneling.
## Roadmap
1. Further improvements to the REST API, with a focus on bugfixes and implementing missing functionality
1. Improvements on rootless containers, with a focus on improving the user experience and exposing presently-unavailable features when possible
1. Improvements to Pods, including the addition of pod-level resource limits
## Communications
If you think you've identified a security issue in the project, please *DO NOT* report the issue publicly via the GitHub issue tracker, mailing list, or IRC.
Instead, send an email with as many details as possible to `security@lists.podman.io`. This is a private mailing list for the core maintainers.
For general questions and discussion, please use Podman's
[channels](https://podman.io/community/#slack-irc-matrix-and-discord).
For discussions around issues/bugs and features, you can use the GitHub
[issues](https://github.com/containers/podman/issues)
and
[PRs](https://github.com/containers/podman/pulls)
tracking system.
There is also a [mailing list](https://lists.podman.io/archives/) at `lists.podman.io`.
You can subscribe by sending a message to `podman-join@lists.podman.io` with the subject `subscribe`.
## Rootless
Podman can be easily run as a normal user, without requiring a setuid binary.
When run without root, Podman containers use user namespaces to set root in the container to the user running Podman.
Rootless Podman runs locked-down containers with no privileges that the user running the container does not have.
Some of these restrictions can be lifted (via `--privileged`, for example), but rootless containers will never have more privileges than the user that launched them.
If you run Podman as your user and mount in `/etc/passwd` from the host, you still won't be able to change it, since your user doesn't have permission to do so.
Almost all normal Podman functionality is available, though there are some [shortcomings](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/rootless.md).
Any recent Podman release should be able to run rootless without any additional configuration, though your operating system may require some additional configuration detailed in the [install guide](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/install.md).
A little configuration by an administrator is required before rootless Podman can be used, the necessary setup is documented [here](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/docs/tutorials/rootless_tutorial.md).
## Out of scope
* Specialized signing and pushing of images to various storage backends.
See [Skopeo](https://github.com/containers/skopeo/) for those tasks.
* Support for the Kubernetes CRI interface for container management.
The [CRI-O](https://github.com/cri-o/cri-o) daemon specializes in that.
## OCI Projects Plans
Podman uses OCI projects and best of breed libraries for different aspects:
- Runtime: We use the [OCI runtime tools](https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-tools) to generate OCI runtime configurations that can be used with any OCI-compliant runtime, like [crun](https://github.com/containers/crun/) and [runc](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/).
- Images: Image management uses the [containers/image](https://github.com/containers/image) library.
- Storage: Container and image storage is managed by [containers/storage](https://github.com/containers/storage).
- Networking: Networking support through use of [Netavark](https://github.com/containers/netavark) and [Aardvark](https://github.com/containers/aardvark-dns). Support for [CNI](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni) is also available. Rootless networking is handled via [slirp4netns](https://github.com/rootless-containers/slirp4netns).
- Builds: Builds are supported via [Buildah](https://github.com/containers/buildah).
- Conmon: [Conmon](https://github.com/containers/conmon) is a tool for monitoring OCI runtimes, used by both Podman and CRI-O.
- Seccomp: A unified [Seccomp](https://github.com/containers/common/blob/main/pkg/seccomp/seccomp.json) policy for Podman, Buildah, and CRI-O.
## Podman Information for Developers
For blogs, release announcements and more, please checkout the [podman.io](https://podman.io) website!
**[Installation notes](install.md)**
Information on how to install Podman in your environment.
**[OCI Hooks Support](pkg/hooks/README.md)**
Information on how Podman configures [OCI Hooks][spec-hooks] to run when launching a container.
**[Podman API](https://docs.podman.io/en/latest/_static/api.html)**
Documentation on the Podman REST API.
**[Podman Commands](https://podman.readthedocs.io/en/latest/Commands.html)**
A list of the Podman commands with links to their man pages and in many cases videos
showing the commands in use.
**[Podman Troubleshooting Guide](troubleshooting.md)**
A list of common issues and solutions for Podman.
**[Podman Usage Transfer](transfer.md)**
Useful information for ops and dev transfer as it relates to infrastructure that utilizes Podman. This page
includes tables showing Docker commands and their Podman equivalent commands.
**[Tutorials](docs/tutorials)**
Tutorials on using Podman.
**[Remote Client](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/docs/tutorials/remote_client.md)**
A brief how-to on using the Podman remote-client.
**[Basic Setup and Use of Podman in a Rootless environment](https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/main/docs/tutorials/rootless_tutorial.md)**
A tutorial showing the setup and configuration necessary to run Rootless Podman.
**[Release Notes](RELEASE_NOTES.md)**
Release notes for recent Podman versions.
**[Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md)**
Information about contributing to this project.
[spec-hooks]: https://github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/blob/v1.0.2/config.md#posix-platform-hooks
## Buildah and Podman relationship
Buildah and Podman are two complementary open-source projects that are
available on most Linux platforms and both projects reside at
[GitHub.com](https://github.com) with Buildah
[here](https://github.com/containers/buildah) and Podman
[here](https://github.com/containers/podman). Both, Buildah and Podman are
command line tools that work on Open Container Initiative (OCI) images and
containers. The two projects differentiate in their specialization.
Buildah specializes in building OCI images. Buildah's commands replicate all
of the commands that are found in a Dockerfile. This allows building images
with and without Dockerfiles while not requiring any root privileges.
Buildah’s ultimate goal is to provide a lower-level coreutils interface to
build images. The flexibility of building images without Dockerfiles allows
for the integration of other scripting languages into the build process.
Buildah follows a simple fork-exec model and does not run as a daemon
but it is based on a comprehensive API in golang, which can be vendored
into other tools.
Podman specializes in all of the commands and functions that help you to maintain and modify
OCI images, such as pulling and tagging. It also allows you to create, run, and maintain those containers
created from those images. For building container images via Dockerfiles, Podman uses Buildah's
golang API and can be installed independently from Buildah.
A major difference between Podman and Buildah is their concept of a container. Podman
allows users to create "traditional containers" where the intent of these containers is
to be long lived. While Buildah containers are really just created to allow content
to be added back to the container image. An easy way to think of it is the
`buildah run` command emulates the RUN command in a Dockerfile while the `podman run`
command emulates the `docker run` command in functionality. Because of this and their underlying
storage differences, you can not see Podman containers from within Buildah or vice versa.
In short, Buildah is an efficient way to create OCI images while Podman allows
you to manage and maintain those images and containers in a production environment using
familiar container cli commands. For more details, see the
[Container Tools Guide](https://github.com/containers/buildah/tree/master/docs/containertools).
## [Podman Hello](https://podman.io/images/podman-hello.jpg)
```
$ podman run quay.io/podman/hello
Trying to pull quay.io/podman/hello:latest...
Getting image source signatures
Copying blob a6b3126f3807 done
Copying config 25c667d086 done
Writing manifest to image destination
Storing signatures
!... Hello Podman World ...!
.--"--.
/ - - \
/ (O) (O) \
~~~| -=(,Y,)=- |
.---. /` \ |~~
~/ o o \~~~~.----. ~~
| =(X)= |~ / (O (O) \
~~~~~~~ ~| =(Y_)=- |
~~~~ ~~~| U |~~
Project: https://github.com/containers/podman
Website: https://podman.io
Documents: https://docs.podman.io
Twitter: @Podman_io
```
## Podman Former API (Varlink)
Podman formerly offered a Varlink-based API for remote management of containers. However, this API
was replaced by the REST API. Varlink support has been removed as of the 3.0 release.
For more details, you can see [this blog](https://podman.io/blogs/2020/01/17/podman-new-api.html).
|
