aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/docs/source/markdown/podman-run.1.md
blob: 38ed445829fdf20fd3f6da4324602eafc0cfaddf (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
% podman-run(1)

## NAME
podman\-run - Run a command in a new container

## SYNOPSIS
**podman run** [*options*] *image* [*command* [*arg* ...]]

**podman container run** [*options*] *image* [*command* [*arg* ...]]

## DESCRIPTION

Run a process in a new container. **podman run** starts a process with its own
file system, its own networking, and its own isolated process tree. The _image_
which starts the process may define defaults related to the process that will be
run in the container, the networking to expose, and more, but **podman run**
gives final control to the operator or administrator who starts the container
from the image. For that reason **podman run** has more options than any other
Podman command.

If the _image_ is not already loaded then **podman run** will pull the _image_, and
all image dependencies, from the repository in the same way running **podman
pull** _image_ , before it starts the container from that image.

Several files will be automatically created within the container. These include
_/etc/hosts_, _/etc/hostname_, and _/etc/resolv.conf_ to manage networking.
These will be based on the host's version of the files, though they can be
customized with options (for example, **--dns** will override the host's DNS
servers in the created _resolv.conf_). Additionally, a container environment
file is created in each container to indicate to programs they are running in a
container. This file is located at _/run/.containerenv_. When using the
--privileged flag the .containerenv contains name/value pairs indicating the
container engine version, whether the engine is running in rootless mode, the
container name and id, as well as the image name and id that the container is based on.

When running from a user defined network namespace, the _/etc/netns/NSNAME/resolv.conf_
will be used if it exists, otherwise _/etc/resolv.conf_ will be used.

Default settings are defined in `containers.conf`. Most settings for remote
connections use the servers containers.conf, except when documented in man
pages.

## IMAGE

  The image is specified using transport:path format. If no transport is specified, the `docker` (container registry)
transport will be used by default. For remote Podman, `docker` is the only allowed transport.

  **dir:**_path_
  An existing local directory _path_ storing the manifest, layer tarballs and signatures as individual files. This
is a non-standardized format, primarily useful for debugging or noninvasive container inspection.

    $ podman save --format docker-dir fedora -o /tmp/fedora
    $ podman run dir:/tmp/fedora echo hello

  **docker://**_docker-reference_ (Default)
  An image reference stored in a remote container image registry. Example: "quay.io/podman/stable:latest".
The reference can include a path to a specific registry; if it does not, the
registries listed in registries.conf will be queried to find a matching image.
By default, credentials from `podman login` (stored at
$XDG_RUNTIME_DIR/containers/auth.json by default) will be used to authenticate;
otherwise it falls back to using credentials in $HOME/.docker/config.json.

    $ podman run registry.fedoraproject.org/fedora:latest echo hello

  **docker-archive:**_path_[**:**_docker-reference_]
An image stored in the `docker save` formatted file. _docker-reference_ is only used when creating such a
file, and it must not contain a digest.

    $ podman save --format docker-archive fedora -o /tmp/fedora
    $ podman run docker-archive:/tmp/fedora echo hello

  **docker-daemon:**_docker-reference_
  An image in _docker-reference_ format stored in the docker daemon internal storage. The _docker-reference_ can also be an image ID (docker-daemon:algo:digest).

    $ sudo docker pull fedora
    $ sudo podman run docker-daemon:docker.io/library/fedora echo hello

  **oci-archive:**_path_**:**_tag_
  An image in a directory compliant with the "Open Container Image Layout Specification" at the specified _path_
and specified with a _tag_.

    $ podman save --format oci-archive fedora -o /tmp/fedora
    $ podman run oci-archive:/tmp/fedora echo hello

## OPTIONS
#### **--add-host**=_host_:_ip_

Add a line to container's _/etc/hosts_ for custom host-to-IP mapping.
This option can be set multiple times.

#### **--annotation**=_key_=_value_

Add an annotation to the container.
This option can be set multiple times.

#### **--arch**=*ARCH*
Override the architecture, defaults to hosts, of the image to be pulled. For example, `arm`.

#### **--attach**, **-a**=**stdin**|**stdout**|**stderr**

Attach to STDIN, STDOUT or STDERR.

In foreground mode (the default when **-d**
is not specified), **podman run** can start the process in the container
and attach the console to the process's standard input, output, and
error. It can even pretend to be a TTY (this is what most commandline
executables expect) and pass along signals. The **-a** option can be set for
each of **stdin**, **stdout**, and **stderr**.

#### **--authfile**[=*path*]

Path to the authentication file. Default is *${XDG_RUNTIME_DIR}/containers/auth.json*.

Note: You can also override the default path of the authentication file by setting the **REGISTRY_AUTH_FILE**
environment variable.

#### **--blkio-weight**=*weight*

Block IO relative weight. The _weight_ is a value between **10** and **1000**.

#### **--blkio-weight-device**=*device*:*weight*

Block IO relative device weight.

#### **--cap-add**=*capability*

Add Linux capabilities.

#### **--cap-drop**=*capability*

Drop Linux capabilities.

#### **--cgroupns**=*mode*

Set the cgroup namespace mode for the container.

- **host**: use the host's cgroup namespace inside the container.
- **container:**_id_: join the namespace of the specified container.
- **private**: create a new cgroup namespace.
- **ns:**_path_: join the namespace at the specified path.

If the host uses cgroups v1, the default is set to **host**. On cgroups v2, the default is **private**.

#### **--cgroups**=**enabled**|**disabled**|**no-conmon**|**split**

Determines whether the container will create CGroups.

Default is **enabled**.

The **enabled** option will create a new cgroup under the cgroup-parent.
The **disabled** option will force the container to not create CGroups, and thus conflicts with CGroup options (**--cgroupns** and **--cgroup-parent**).
The **no-conmon** option disables a new CGroup only for the **conmon** process.
The **split** option splits the current CGroup in two sub-cgroups: one for conmon and one for the container payload. It is not possible to set **--cgroup-parent** with **split**.

#### **--cgroup-parent**=*path*

Path to cgroups under which the cgroup for the container will be created. If the path is not absolute, the path is considered to be relative to the cgroups path of the init process. Cgroups will be created if they do not already exist.

#### **--cgroup-conf**=*KEY=VALUE*

When running on cgroup v2, specify the cgroup file to write to and its value. For example **--cgroup-conf=memory.high=1073741824** sets the memory.high limit to 1GB.

#### **--cidfile**=*file*

Write the container ID to *file*.

#### **--conmon-pidfile**=*file*

Write the pid of the **conmon** process to a file. As **conmon** runs in a separate process than Podman, this is necessary when using systemd to restart Podman containers.
(This option is not available with the remote Podman client)

#### **--cpu-period**=*limit*

Set the CPU period for the Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS), which is a
duration in microseconds. Once the container's CPU quota is used up, it will
not be scheduled to run until the current period ends. Defaults to 100000
microseconds.

On some systems, changing the CPU limits may not be allowed for non-root
users. For more details, see
https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/master/troubleshooting.md#26-running-containers-with-cpu-limits-fails-with-a-permissions-error

#### **--cpu-quota**=*limit*

Limit the CPU Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS) quota.

Limit the container's CPU usage. By default, containers run with the full
CPU resource. The limit is a number in microseconds. If you provide a number,
the container will be allowed to use that much CPU time until the CPU period
ends (controllable via **--cpu-period**).

On some systems, changing the CPU limits may not be allowed for non-root
users. For more details, see
https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/master/troubleshooting.md#26-running-containers-with-cpu-limits-fails-with-a-permissions-error

#### **--cpu-rt-period**=*microseconds*

Limit the CPU real-time period in microseconds.

Limit the container's Real Time CPU usage. This flag tell the kernel to restrict the container's Real Time CPU usage to the period you specify.

This flag is not supported on cgroups V2 systems.

#### **--cpu-rt-runtime**=*microseconds*

Limit the CPU real-time runtime in microseconds.

Limit the containers Real Time CPU usage. This flag tells the kernel to limit the amount of time in a given CPU period Real Time tasks may consume. Ex:
Period of 1,000,000us and Runtime of 950,000us means that this container could consume 95% of available CPU and leave the remaining 5% to normal priority tasks.

The sum of all runtimes across containers cannot exceed the amount allotted to the parent cgroup.

This flag is not supported on cgroups V2 systems.

#### **--cpu-shares**=*shares*

CPU shares (relative weight).

By default, all containers get the same proportion of CPU cycles. This proportion
can be modified by changing the container's CPU share weighting relative
to the combined weight of all the running containers. Default weight is **1024**.

The proportion will only apply when CPU-intensive processes are running.
When tasks in one container are idle, other containers can use the
left-over CPU time. The actual amount of CPU time will vary depending on
the number of containers running on the system.

For example, consider three containers, one has a cpu-share of 1024 and
two others have a cpu-share setting of 512. When processes in all three
containers attempt to use 100% of CPU, the first container would receive
50% of the total CPU time. If you add a fourth container with a cpu-share
of 1024, the first container only gets 33% of the CPU. The remaining containers
receive 16.5%, 16.5% and 33% of the CPU.

On a multi-core system, the shares of CPU time are distributed over all CPU
cores. Even if a container is limited to less than 100% of CPU time, it can
use 100% of each individual CPU core.

For example, consider a system with more than three cores. If you start one
container **{C0}** with **--cpu-shares=512** running one process, and another container
**{C1}** with **--cpu-shares=1024** running two processes, this can result in the following
division of CPU shares:

| PID  |  container  | CPU     | CPU share    |
| ---- | ----------- | ------- | ------------ |
| 100  |  {C0}       | 0       | 100% of CPU0 |
| 101  |  {C1}       | 1       | 100% of CPU1 |
| 102  |  {C1}       | 2       | 100% of CPU2 |

#### **--cpus**=*number*

Number of CPUs. The default is *0.0* which means no limit. This is shorthand
for **--cpu-period** and **--cpu-quota**, so you may only set either
#### **--cpus** or **--cpu-period** and **--cpu-quota**.

On some systems, changing the CPU limits may not be allowed for non-root
users. For more details, see
https://github.com/containers/podman/blob/master/troubleshooting.md#26-running-containers-with-cpu-limits-fails-with-a-permissions-error

#### **--cpuset-cpus**=*number*

CPUs in which to allow execution. Can be specified as a comma-separated list
(e.g. **0,1**), as a range (e.g. **0-3**), or any combination thereof
(e.g. **0-3,7,11-15**).

#### **--cpuset-mems**=*nodes*

Memory nodes (MEMs) in which to allow execution. Only effective on NUMA systems.

For example, if you have four memory nodes (0-3) on your system, use **--cpuset-mems=0,1**
to only use memory from the first two memory nodes.

#### **--detach**, **-d**=**true**|**false**

Detached mode: run the container in the background and print the new container ID. The default is *false*.

At any time you can run **podman ps** in
the other shell to view a list of the running containers. You can reattach to a
detached container with **podman attach**.

When attached in the tty mode, you can detach from the container (and leave it
running) using a configurable key sequence. The default sequence is `ctrl-p,ctrl-q`.
Configure the keys sequence using the **--detach-keys** option, or specifying
it in the **containers.conf** file: see **containers.conf(5)** for more information.

#### **--detach-keys**=*sequence*

Specify the key sequence for detaching a container. Format is a single character `[a-Z]` or one or more `ctrl-<value>` characters where `<value>` is one of: `a-z`, `@`, `^`, `[`, `,` or `_`. Specifying "" will set the sequence to the default value of *ctrl-p,ctrl-q*.

This option can also be set in **containers.conf**(5) file.

#### **--device**=_host-device_[**:**_container-device_][**:**_permissions_]

Add a host device to the container. Optional *permissions* parameter
can be used to specify device permissions, it is combination of
**r** for read, **w** for write, and **m** for **mknod**(2).

Example: **--device=/dev/sdc:/dev/xvdc:rwm**.

Note: if _host_device_ is a symbolic link then it will be resolved first.
The container will only store the major and minor numbers of the host device.

Note: if the user only has access rights via a group, accessing the device
from inside a rootless container will fail. Use the `--group-add keep-groups`
flag to pass the user's supplementary group access into the container.

Podman may load kernel modules required for using the specified
device. The devices that Podman will load modules when necessary are:
/dev/fuse.

#### **--device-cgroup-rule**=rule

Add a rule to the cgroup allowed devices list

#### **--device-read-bps**=_path_:_rate_

Limit read rate (in bytes per second) from a device (e.g. **--device-read-bps=/dev/sda:1mb**).

#### **--device-read-iops**=_path_:_rate_

Limit read rate (in IO operations per second) from a device (e.g. **--device-read-iops=/dev/sda:1000**).

#### **--device-write-bps**=_path_:_rate_

Limit write rate (in bytes per second) to a device (e.g. **--device-write-bps=/dev/sda:1mb**).

#### **--device-write-iops**=_path_:_rate_

Limit write rate (in IO operations per second) to a device (e.g. **--device-write-iops=/dev/sda:1000**).

#### **--disable-content-trust**

This is a Docker specific option to disable image verification to a Docker
registry and is not supported by Podman. This flag is a NOOP and provided
solely for scripting compatibility.

#### **--dns**=*ipaddr*

Set custom DNS servers. Invalid if using **--dns** with **--network** that is set to **none** or **container:**_id_.

This option can be used to override the DNS
configuration passed to the container. Typically this is necessary when the
host DNS configuration is invalid for the container (e.g., **127.0.0.1**). When this
is the case the **--dns** flags is necessary for every run.

The special value **none** can be specified to disable creation of _/etc/resolv.conf_ in the container by Podman.
The _/etc/resolv.conf_ file in the image will be used without changes.

#### **--dns-opt**=*option*

Set custom DNS options. Invalid if using **--dns-opt** with **--network** that is set to **none** or **container:**_id_.

#### **--dns-search**=*domain*

Set custom DNS search domains. Invalid if using **--dns-search** and **--network** that is set to **none** or **container:**_id_.
Use **--dns-search=.** if you don't wish to set the search domain.

#### **--entrypoint**=*"command"* | *'["command", "arg1", ...]'*

Overwrite the default ENTRYPOINT of the image.

This option allows you to overwrite the default entrypoint of the image.

The ENTRYPOINT of an image is similar to a COMMAND
because it specifies what executable to run when the container starts, but it is
(purposely) more difficult to override. The ENTRYPOINT gives a container its
default nature or behavior, so that when you set an ENTRYPOINT you can run the
container as if it were that binary, complete with default options, and you can
pass in more options via the COMMAND. But, sometimes an operator may want to run
something else inside the container, so you can override the default ENTRYPOINT
at runtime by using a **--entrypoint** and a string to specify the new
ENTRYPOINT.

You need to specify multi option commands in the form of a json string.

#### **--env**, **-e**=*env*

Set environment variables.

This option allows arbitrary environment variables that are available for the process to be launched inside of the container. If an environment variable is specified without a value, Podman will check the host environment for a value and set the variable only if it is set on the host. If an environment variable ending in __*__ is specified, Podman will search the host environment for variables starting with the prefix and will add those variables to the container. If an environment variable with a trailing ***** is specified, then a value must be supplied.

See [**Environment**](#environment) note below for precedence and examples.

#### **--env-host**=**true**|**false**

Use host environment inside of the container. See **Environment** note below for precedence. (This option is not available with the remote Podman client)

#### **--env-file**=*file*

Read in a line delimited file of environment variables. See **Environment** note below for precedence.

#### **--expose**=*port*

Expose a port, or a range of ports (e.g. **--expose=3300-3310**) to set up port redirection
on the host system.

#### **--gidmap**=*container_gid*:*host_gid*:*amount*

Run the container in a new user namespace using the supplied mapping. This option conflicts with the **--userns** and **--subgidname** flags.
This option can be passed several times to map different ranges. If calling **podman run** as an unprivileged user, the user needs to have the right to use the mapping. See **subuid**(5).
The example maps gids **0-1999** in the container to the gids **30000-31999** on the host: **--gidmap=0:30000:2000**.

**Important note:** The new user namespace mapping based on **--gidmap** is based on the initial mapping made in the  _/etc/subgid_  file.
Assuming there is a  _/etc/subgid_  mapping **groupname:100000:65536**, then **groupname** is initially mapped to a namespace starting with
gid **100000** for **65536** ids. From here the **--gidmap** mapping to the new namespace starts from **0** again, but is based on the initial mapping.
Meaning **groupname** is initially mapped to gid **100000** which is referenced as **0** in the following **--gidmap** mapping. In terms of the example
above: The group **groupname** is mapped to group **100000** of the initial namespace then the
**30000**st id of this namespace (which is gid 130000 in this namespace) is mapped to container namespace group id **0**. (groupname -> 100000 / 30000 -> 0)

#### **--group-add**=*group|keep-groups*

Add additional groups to assign to primary user running within the container process.

- `keep-groups` is a special flag that tells Podman to keep the supplementary group access.

Allows container to use the user's supplementary group access. If file systems or
devices are only accessible by the rootless user's group, this flag tells the OCI
runtime to pass the group access into the container. Currently only available
with the `crun` OCI runtime. Note: `keep-groups` is exclusive, you cannot add any other groups
with this flag. (Not available for remote commands)

#### **--health-cmd**=*"command"* | *'["command", "arg1", ...]'*

Set or alter a healthcheck command for a container. The command is a command to be executed inside your
container that determines your container health. The command is required for other healthcheck options
to be applied. A value of **none** disables existing healthchecks.

Multiple options can be passed in the form of a JSON array; otherwise, the command will be interpreted
as an argument to **/bin/sh -c**.

#### **--health-interval**=*interval*

Set an interval for the healthchecks. An _interval_ of **disable** results in no automatic timer setup. The default is **30s**.

#### **--health-retries**=*retries*

The number of retries allowed before a healthcheck is considered to be unhealthy. The default value is **3**.

#### **--health-start-period**=*period*

The initialization time needed for a container to bootstrap. The value can be expressed in time format like
**2m3s**. The default value is **0s**.

#### **--health-timeout**=*timeout*

The maximum time allowed to complete the healthcheck before an interval is considered failed. Like start-period, the
value can be expressed in a time format such as **1m22s**. The default value is **30s**.

#### **--help**

Print usage statement

#### **--hostname**=*name*, **-h**

Container host name

Sets the container host name that is available inside the container. Can only be used with a private UTS namespace `--uts=private` (default). If `--pod` is specified and the pod shares the UTS namespace (default) the pod's hostname will be used.

#### **--http-proxy**=**true**|**false**

By default proxy environment variables are passed into the container if set
for the Podman process. This can be disabled by setting the value to **false**.
The environment variables passed in include **http_proxy**,
**https_proxy**, **ftp_proxy**, **no_proxy**, and also the upper case versions of
those. This option is only needed when the host system must use a proxy but
the container should not use any proxy. Proxy environment variables specified
for the container in any other way will override the values that would have
been passed through from the host. (Other ways to specify the proxy for the
container include passing the values with the **--env** flag, or hard coding the
proxy environment at container build time.) (This option is not available with the remote Podman client)

Defaults to **true**.

#### **--image-volume**, **builtin-volume**=**bind**|**tmpfs**|**ignore**

Tells Podman how to handle the builtin image volumes. Default is **bind**.

- **bind**: An anonymous named volume will be created and mounted into the container.
- **tmpfs**: The volume is mounted onto the container as a tmpfs, which allows the users to create
content that disappears when the container is stopped.
- **ignore**: All volumes are just ignored and no action is taken.

#### **--init**

Run an init inside the container that forwards signals and reaps processes.

#### **--init-path**=*path*

Path to the container-init binary.

#### **--interactive**, **-i**=**true**|**false**

When set to **true**, keep stdin open even if not attached. The default is **false**.

#### **--ip6**=*ip*

Not implemented.

#### **--ip**=*ip*

Specify a static IP address for the container, for example **10.88.64.128**.
This option can only be used if the container is joined to only a single network - i.e., `--network=_network-name_` is used at most once
and if the container is not joining another container's network namespace via `--network=container:_id_`.
The address must be within the CNI network's IP address pool (default **10.88.0.0/16**).

#### **--ipc**=*mode*

Set the IPC namespace mode for a container. The default is to create
a private IPC namespace.

- **container:**_id_: reuses another container shared memory, semaphores and message queues
- **host**: use the host shared memory,semaphores and message queues inside the container. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local shared memory and is therefore considered insecure.
- **ns:**_path_: path to an IPC namespace to join.

#### **--kernel-memory**=_number_[_unit_]

Kernel memory limit. A _unit_ can be **b** (bytes), **k** (kilobytes), **m** (megabytes), or **g** (gigabytes).

Constrains the kernel memory available to a container. If a limit of 0
is specified (not using *--kernel-memory*), the container's kernel memory
is not limited. If you specify a limit, it may be rounded up to a multiple
of the operating system's page size and the value can be very large,
millions of trillions.

This flag is not supported on cgroups V2 systems.

#### **--label**, **-l**=*key*=*value*

Add metadata to a container.

#### **--label-file**=*file*

Read in a line-delimited file of labels.

#### **--link-local-ip**=*ip*

Not implemented.

#### **--log-driver**="*driver*"

Logging driver for the container. Currently available options are **k8s-file**, **journald**, and **none**, with **json-file** aliased to **k8s-file** for scripting compatibility.

#### **--log-opt**=*name*=*value*

Logging driver specific options.

Set custom logging configuration. The following *name*s are supported:

**path**: specify a path to the log file
    (e.g. **--log-opt path=/var/log/container/mycontainer.json**);

**max-size**: specify a max size of the log file
    (e.g. **--log-opt max-size=10mb**);

**tag**: specify a custom log tag for the container
   (e.g. **--log-opt tag="{{.ImageName}}"**.

This option is currently supported only by the **journald** log driver.

#### **--mac-address**=*address*

Container MAC address (e.g. **92:d0:c6:0a:29:33**).

Remember that the MAC address in an Ethernet network must be unique.
The IPv6 link-local address will be based on the device's MAC address
according to RFC4862.

#### **--memory**, **-m**=_number_[_unit_]

Memory limit. A _unit_ can be **b** (bytes), **k** (kilobytes), **m** (megabytes), or **g** (gigabytes).

Allows you to constrain the memory available to a container. If the host
supports swap memory, then the **-m** memory setting can be larger than physical
RAM. If a limit of 0 is specified (not using **-m**), the container's memory is
not limited. The actual limit may be rounded up to a multiple of the operating
system's page size (the value would be very large, that's millions of trillions).

#### **--memory-reservation**=_number_[_unit_]

Memory soft limit. A _unit_ can be **b** (bytes), **k** (kilobytes), **m** (megabytes), or **g** (gigabytes).

After setting memory reservation, when the system detects memory contention
or low memory, containers are forced to restrict their consumption to their
reservation. So you should always set the value below **--memory**, otherwise the
hard limit will take precedence. By default, memory reservation will be the same
as memory limit.

#### **--memory-swap**=_number_[_unit_]

A limit value equal to memory plus swap.
A _unit_ can be **b** (bytes), **k** (kilobytes), **m** (megabytes), or **g** (gigabytes).

Must be used with the **-m** (**--memory**) flag.
The argument value should always be larger than that of
 **-m** (**--memory**) By default, it is set to double
the value of **--memory**.

Set _number_ to **-1** to enable unlimited swap.

#### **--memory-swappiness**=*number*

Tune a container's memory swappiness behavior. Accepts an integer between *0* and *100*.

This flag is not supported on cgroups V2 systems.

#### **--mount**=*type=TYPE,TYPE-SPECIFIC-OPTION[,...]*

Attach a filesystem mount to the container

Current supported mount TYPEs are **bind**, **volume**, **image**, **tmpfs** and **devpts**. <sup>[[1]](#Footnote1)</sup>

       e.g.

       type=bind,source=/path/on/host,destination=/path/in/container

       type=bind,src=/path/on/host,dst=/path/in/container,relabel=shared

       type=volume,source=vol1,destination=/path/in/container,ro=true

       type=tmpfs,tmpfs-size=512M,destination=/path/in/container

       type=image,source=fedora,destination=/fedora-image,rw=true

       type=devpts,destination=/dev/pts

       Common Options:

	      · src, source: mount source spec for bind and volume. Mandatory for bind.

	      · dst, destination, target: mount destination spec.

       Options specific to volume:

	      · ro, readonly: true or false (default).

       Options specific to image:

	      · rw, readwrite: true or false (default).

       Options specific to bind:

	      · ro, readonly: true or false (default).

	      · bind-propagation: shared, slave, private, unbindable, rshared, rslave, runbindable, or rprivate(default). See also mount(2).

	      . bind-nonrecursive: do not setup a recursive bind mount. By default it is recursive.

	      . relabel: shared, private.

       Options specific to tmpfs:

	      · ro, readonly: true or false (default).

	      · tmpfs-size: Size of the tmpfs mount in bytes. Unlimited by default in Linux.

	      · tmpfs-mode: File mode of the tmpfs in octal. (e.g. 700 or 0700.) Defaults to 1777 in Linux.

	      · tmpcopyup: Enable copyup from the image directory at the same location to the tmpfs. Used by default.

	      · notmpcopyup: Disable copying files from the image to the tmpfs.

#### **--name**=*name*

Assign a name to the container.

The operator can identify a container in three ways:

- UUID long identifier (“f78375b1c487e03c9438c729345e54db9d20cfa2ac1fc3494b6eb60872e74778”);
- UUID short identifier (“f78375b1c487”);
- Name (“jonah”).

Podman generates a UUID for each container, and if a name is not assigned
to the container with **--name** then it will generate a random
string name. The name is useful any place you need to identify a container.
This works for both background and foreground containers.

#### **--network**=*mode*, **--net**

Set the network mode for the container. Invalid if using **--dns**, **--dns-opt**, or **--dns-search** with **--network** that is set to **none** or **container:**_id_. If used together with **--pod**, the container will not join the pods network namespace.

Valid _mode_ values are:

- **bridge**: create a network stack on the default bridge;
- **none**: no networking;
- **container:**_id_: reuse another container's network stack;
- **host**: use the Podman host network stack. Note: the host mode gives the container full access to local system services such as D-bus and is therefore considered insecure;
- _network-id_: connect to a user-defined network, multiple networks should be comma-separated;
- **ns:**_path_: path to a network namespace to join;
- **private**: create a new namespace for the container (default)
- **slirp4netns[:OPTIONS,...]**: use **slirp4netns**(1) to create a user network stack. This is the default for rootless containers. It is possible to specify these additional options:
  - **allow_host_loopback=true|false**: Allow the slirp4netns to reach the host loopback IP (`10.0.2.2`, which is added to `/etc/hosts` as `host.containers.internal` for your convenience). Default is false.
  - **mtu=MTU**: Specify the MTU to use for this network. (Default is `65520`).
  - **cidr=CIDR**: Specify ip range to use for this network. (Default is `10.0.2.0/24`).
  - **enable_ipv6=true|false**: Enable IPv6. Default is false. (Required for `outbound_addr6`).
  - **outbound_addr=INTERFACE**: Specify the outbound interface slirp should bind to (ipv4 traffic only).
  - **outbound_addr=IPv4**: Specify the outbound ipv4 address slirp should bind to.
  - **outbound_addr6=INTERFACE**: Specify the outbound interface slirp should bind to (ipv6 traffic only).
  - **outbound_addr6=IPv6**: Specify the outbound ipv6 address slirp should bind to.
  - **port_handler=rootlesskit**: Use rootlesskit for port forwarding. Default.
  - **port_handler=slirp4netns**: Use the slirp4netns port forwarding.

#### **--network-alias**=*alias*

Add network-scoped alias for the container

#### **--no-healthcheck**=*true|false*

Disable any defined healthchecks for container.

#### **--no-hosts**=**true**|**false**

Do not create _/etc/hosts_ for the container.

By default, Podman will manage _/etc/hosts_, adding the container's own IP address and any hosts from **--add-host**.
#### **--no-hosts** disables this, and the image's _/etc/hosts_ will be preserved unmodified.
This option conflicts with **--add-host**.

#### **--oom-kill-disable**=**true**|**false**

Whether to disable OOM Killer for the container or not.

#### **--oom-score-adj**=*num*

Tune the host's OOM preferences for containers (accepts values from **-1000** to **1000**).

#### **--os**=*OS*
Override the OS, defaults to hosts, of the image to be pulled. For example, `windows`.

#### **--personality**=*persona*

Personality sets the execution domain via Linux personality(2).

#### **--pid**=*mode*

Set the PID namespace mode for the container.
The default is to create a private PID namespace for the container.

- **container:**_id_: join another container's PID namespace;
- **host**: use the host's PID namespace for the container. Note the host mode gives the container full access to local PID and is therefore considered insecure;
- **private**: create a new namespace for the container (default)
- **ns:**_path_: join the specified PID namespace.

#### **--pids-limit**=*limit*

Tune the container's pids limit. Set to **0** to have unlimited pids for the container. The default is **4096** on systems that support "pids" cgroup controller.

#### **--platform**=*OS/ARCH*

Specify the platform for selecting the image.  (Conflicts with --arch and --os)
The `--platform` option can be used to override the current architecture and operating system.

#### **--pod**=*name*

Run container in an existing pod. If you want Podman to make the pod for you, prefix the pod name with **new:**.
To make a pod with more granular options, use the **podman pod create** command before creating a container.
If a container is run with a pod, and the pod has an infra-container, the infra-container will be started before the container is.

#### **--pod-id-file**=*path*

Run container in an existing pod and read the pod's ID from the specified file.
If a container is run within a pod, and the pod has an infra-container, the infra-container will be started before the container is.

#### **--preserve-fds**=*N*

Pass down to the process N additional file descriptors (in addition to 0, 1, 2).
The total FDs will be 3+N. (This option is not available with the remote Podman client)

#### **--privileged**=**true**|**false**

Give extended privileges to this container. The default is **false**.

By default, Podman containers are unprivileged (**=false**) and cannot, for
example, modify parts of the operating system. This is because by default a
container is only allowed limited access to devices. A "privileged" container
is given the same access to devices as the user launching the container.

A privileged container turns off the security features that isolate the
container from the host. Dropped Capabilities, limited devices, read-only mount
points, Apparmor/SELinux separation, and Seccomp filters are all disabled.

Rootless containers cannot have more privileges than the account that launched them.

#### **--publish**, **-p**=_ip_:_hostPort_:_containerPort_ | _ip_::_containerPort_ | _hostPort_:_containerPort_ | _containerPort_

Publish a container's port, or range of ports, to the host.

Both hostPort and containerPort can be specified as a range of ports.

When specifying ranges for both, the number of container ports in the range must match the number of host ports in the range.

If host IP is set to 0.0.0.0 or not set at all, the port will be bound on all IPs on the host.

Host port does not have to be specified (e.g. `podman run -p 127.0.0.1::80`).
If it is not, the container port will be randomly assigned a port on the host.

Use **podman port** to see the actual mapping: **podman port $CONTAINER $CONTAINERPORT**.

**Note:** if a container will be run within a pod, it is not necessary to publish the port for
the containers in the pod. The port must only be published by the pod itself. Pod network
stacks act like the network stack on the host - you have a variety of containers in the pod,
and programs in the container, all sharing a single interface and IP address, and
associated ports. If one container binds to a port, no other container can use that port
within the pod while it is in use. Containers in the pod can also communicate over localhost
by having one container bind to localhost in the pod, and another connect to that port.

#### **--publish-all**, **-P**=**true**|**false**

Publish all exposed ports to random ports on the host interfaces. The default is **false**.

When set to **true**, publish all exposed ports to the host interfaces. The
default is **false**. If the operator uses **-P** (or **-p**) then Podman will make the
exposed port accessible on the host and the ports will be available to any
client that can reach the host.

When using this option, Podman will bind any exposed port to a random port on the host
within an ephemeral port range defined by */proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range*.
To find the mapping between the host ports and the exposed ports, use **podman port**.

#### **--pull**=**always**|**missing**|**never**

Pull image before running. The default is **missing**.

- **missing**: attempt to pull the latest image from the registries listed in registries.conf if a local image does not exist.Raise an error if the image is not in any listed registry and is not present locally.
- **always**: Pull the image from the first registry it is found in as listed in registries.conf. Raise an error if not found in the registries, even if the image is present locally.
- **never**: do not pull the image from the registry, use only the local version. Raise an error if the image is not present locally.

#### **--quiet**, **-q**

Suppress output information when pulling images

#### **--read-only**=**true**|**false**

Mount the container's root filesystem as read only.

By default a container will have its root filesystem writable allowing processes
to write files anywhere. By specifying the **--read-only** flag, the container will have
its root filesystem mounted as read only prohibiting any writes.

#### **--read-only-tmpfs**=**true**|**false**

If container is running in **--read-only** mode, then mount a read-write tmpfs on _/run_, _/tmp_, and _/var/tmp_. The default is **true**.

#### **--replace**=**true**|**false**

If another container with the same name already exists, replace and remove it. The default is **false**.

#### **--requires**=**container**

Specify one or more requirements.
A requirement is a dependency container that will be started before this container.
Containers can be specified by name or ID, with multiple containers being separated by commas.

#### **--restart**=*policy*

Restart policy to follow when containers exit.
Restart policy will not take effect if a container is stopped via the **podman kill** or **podman stop** commands.

Valid _policy_ values are:

- `no`                       : Do not restart containers on exit
- `on-failure[:max_retries]` : Restart containers when they exit with a non-zero exit code, retrying indefinitely or until the optional *max_retries* count is hit
- `always`                   : Restart containers when they exit, regardless of status, retrying indefinitely
- `unless-stopped`           : Identical to **always**

Please note that restart will not restart containers after a system reboot.
If this functionality is required in your environment, you can invoke Podman from a **systemd.unit**(5) file, or create an init script for whichever init system is in use.
To generate systemd unit files, please see **podman generate systemd**.

#### **--rm**=**true**|**false**

Automatically remove the container when it exits. The default is **false**.

#### **--rmi**=*true|false*

After exit of the container, remove the image unless another
container is using it. The default is *false*.

#### **--rootfs**

If specified, the first argument refers to an exploded container on the file system.

This is useful to run a container without requiring any image management, the rootfs
of the container is assumed to be managed externally.

Note: On **SELinux** systems, the rootfs needs the correct label, which is by default
**unconfined_u:object_r:container_file_t**.

#### **--sdnotify**=**container**|**conmon**|**ignore**

Determines how to use the NOTIFY_SOCKET, as passed with systemd and Type=notify.

Default is **container**, which means allow the OCI runtime to proxy the socket into the
container to receive ready notification. Podman will set the MAINPID to conmon's pid.
The **conmon** option sets MAINPID to conmon's pid, and sends READY when the container
has started. The socket is never passed to the runtime or the container.
The **ignore** option removes NOTIFY_SOCKET from the environment for itself and child processes,
for the case where some other process above Podman uses NOTIFY_SOCKET and Podman should not use it.

#### **--seccomp-policy**=*policy*

Specify the policy to select the seccomp profile. If set to *image*, Podman will look for a "io.containers.seccomp.profile" label in the container-image config and use its value as a seccomp profile. Otherwise, Podman will follow the *default* policy by applying the default profile unless specified otherwise via *--security-opt seccomp* as described below.

Note that this feature is experimental and may change in the future.

#### **--secret**=*secret*[,opt=opt ...]

Give the container access to a secret. Can be specified multiple times.

A secret is a blob of sensitive data which a container needs at runtime but
should not be stored in the image or in source control, such as usernames and passwords,
TLS certificates and keys, SSH keys or other important generic strings or binary content (up to 500 kb in size).

When secrets are specified as type `mount`, the secrets are copied and mounted into the container when a container is created.
When secrets are specified as type `env`, the secret will be set as an environment variable within the container.
Secrets are written in the container at the time of container creation, and modifying the secret using `podman secret` commands
after the container is created will not affect the secret inside the container.

Secrets and its storage are managed using the `podman secret` command.

Secret Options

- `type=mount|env`    : How the secret will be exposed to the container. Default mount.
- `target=target`     : Target of secret. Defaults to secret name.
- `uid=0`             : UID of secret. Defaults to 0. Mount secret type only.
- `gid=0`             : GID of secret. Defaults to 0. Mount secret type only.
- `mode=0`            : Mode of secret. Defaults to 0444. Mount secret type only.

#### **--security-opt**=*option*

Security Options

- **apparmor=unconfined** : Turn off apparmor confinement for the container
- **apparmor**=_your-profile_ : Set the apparmor confinement profile for the container

- **label=user:**_USER_: Set the label user for the container processes
- **label=role:**_ROLE_: Set the label role for the container processes
- **label=type:**_TYPE_: Set the label process type for the container processes
- **label=level:**_LEVEL_: Set the label level for the container processes
- **label=filetype:**TYPE_: Set the label file type for the container files
- **label=disable**: Turn off label separation for the container

Note: Labeling can be disabled for all containers by setting label=false in the **containers.conf** (`/etc/containers/containers.conf` or `$HOME/.config/containers/containers.conf`) file.

- **mask**=_/path/1:/path/2_: The paths to mask separated by a colon. A masked path
  cannot be accessed inside the container.

- **no-new-privileges**: Disable container processes from gaining additional privileges

- **seccomp=unconfined**: Turn off seccomp confinement for the container
- **seccomp**=_profile.json_: Allowed syscall list seccomp JSON file to be used as a seccomp filter

- **proc-opts**=_OPTIONS_ : Comma-separated list of options to use for the /proc mount. More details
  for the possible mount options are specified in the **proc(5)** man page.

- **unmask**=_ALL_ or _/path/1:/path/2_, or shell expanded paths (/proc/*): Paths to unmask separated by a colon. If set to **ALL**, it will unmask all the paths that are masked or made read only by default.
  The default masked paths are **/proc/acpi, /proc/kcore, /proc/keys, /proc/latency_stats, /proc/sched_debug, /proc/scsi, /proc/timer_list, /proc/timer_stats, /sys/firmware, and /sys/fs/selinux.**.  The default paths that are read only are **/proc/asound**, **/proc/bus**, **/proc/fs**, **/proc/irq**, **/proc/sys**, **/proc/sysrq-trigger**, **/sys/fs/cgroup**.

Note: Labeling can be disabled for all containers by setting **label=false** in the **containers.conf**(5) file.

#### **--shm-size**=_number_[_unit_]

Size of _/dev/shm_. A _unit_ can be **b** (bytes), **k** (kilobytes), **m** (megabytes), or **g** (gigabytes).
If you omit the unit, the system uses bytes. If you omit the size entirely, the default is **64m**.
When _size_ is **0**, there is no limit on the amount of memory used for IPC by the container.

#### **--sig-proxy**=**true**|**false**

Sets whether the signals sent to the **podman run** command are proxied to the container process. SIGCHLD, SIGSTOP, and SIGKILL are not proxied. The default is **true**.

#### **--stop-signal**=*signal*

Signal to stop a container. Default is **SIGTERM**.

#### **--stop-timeout**=*seconds*

Timeout to stop a container. Default is **10**.
Remote connections use local containers.conf for defaults

#### **--subgidname**=*name*

Run the container in a new user namespace using the map with _name_ in the _/etc/subgid_ file.
If calling **podman run** as an unprivileged user, the user needs to have the right to use the mapping. See **subgid**(5).
This flag conflicts with **--userns** and **--gidmap**.

#### **--subuidname**=*name*

Run the container in a new user namespace using the map with _name_ in the _/etc/subuid_ file.
If calling **podman run** as an unprivileged user, the user needs to have the right to use the mapping. See **subuid**(5).
This flag conflicts with **--userns** and **--uidmap**.

#### **--sysctl**=_name_=_value_

Configure namespaced kernel parameters at runtime.

For the IPC namespace, the following sysctls are allowed:

- kernel.msgmax
- kernel.msgmnb
- kernel.msgmni
- kernel.sem
- kernel.shmall
- kernel.shmmax
- kernel.shmmni
- kernel.shm_rmid_forced
- Sysctls beginning with fs.mqueue.\*

Note: if you use the **--ipc=host** option, the above sysctls will not be allowed.

For the network namespace, the following sysctls are allowed:

- Sysctls beginning with net.\*

Note: if you use the **--network=host** option, these sysctls will not be allowed.

#### **--systemd**=**true**|**false**|**always**

Run container in systemd mode. The default is **true**.

The value *always* enforces the systemd mode is enforced without
looking at the executable name. Otherwise, if set to **true** and the
command you are running inside the container is systemd, _/usr/sbin/init_,
_/sbin/init_ or _/usr/local/sbin/init_.

If the command you are running inside of the container is systemd
Podman will setup tmpfs mount points in the following directories:

- _/run_
- _/run/lock_
- _/tmp_
- _/sys/fs/cgroup/systemd_
- _/var/lib/journal_

It will also set the default stop signal to **SIGRTMIN+3**.

This allows systemd to run in a confined container without any modifications.

Note that on **SELinux** systems, systemd attempts to write to the cgroup
file system. Containers writing to the cgroup file system are denied by default.
The **container_manage_cgroup** boolean must be enabled for this to be allowed on an SELinux separated system.
```
setsebool -P container_manage_cgroup true
```

#### **--timeout**=*seconds*

Maximum time a container is allowed to run before conmon sends it the kill
signal.  By default containers will run until they exit or are stopped by
`podman stop`.

#### **--tmpfs**=*fs*

Create a tmpfs mount.

Mount a temporary filesystem (**tmpfs**) mount into a container, for example:

```
$ podman run -d --tmpfs /tmp:rw,size=787448k,mode=1777 my_image
```

This command mounts a **tmpfs** at _/tmp_ within the container. The supported mount
options are the same as the Linux default mount flags. If you do not specify
any options, the systems uses the following options:
**rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev**.

#### **--tty**, **-t**=**true**|**false**

Allocate a pseudo-TTY. The default is **false**.

When set to **true**, Podman will allocate a pseudo-tty and attach to the standard
input of the container. This can be used, for example, to run a throwaway
interactive shell. The default is **false**.

**NOTE**: The --tty flag prevents redirection of standard output.  It combines STDOUT and STDERR, it can insert control characters, and it can hang pipes. This option should only be used when run interactively in a terminal. When feeding input to Podman, use -i only, not -it.

```
echo "asdf" | podman run --rm -i someimage /bin/cat
```

#### **--tz**=*timezone*

Set timezone in container. This flag takes area-based timezones, GMT time, as well as `local`, which sets the timezone in the container to match the host machine. See `/usr/share/zoneinfo/` for valid timezones.
Remote connections use local containers.conf for defaults

#### **--umask**=*umask*

Set the umask inside the container. Defaults to `0022`.
Remote connections use local containers.conf for defaults

#### **--uidmap**=*container_uid*:*from_uid*:*amount*

Run the container in a new user namespace using the supplied mapping. This
option conflicts with the **--userns** and **--subuidname** options. This
option provides a way to map host UIDs to container UIDs. It can be passed
several times to map different ranges.

The _from_uid_ value is based upon the user running the command, either rootfull or rootless users.
* rootfull user:  *container_uid*:*host_uid*:*amount*
* rootless user: *container_uid*:*intermediate_uid*:*amount*

When **podman run** is called by a privileged user, the option **--uidmap**
works as a direct mapping between host UIDs and container UIDs.

host UID -> container UID

The _amount_ specifies the number of consecutive UIDs that will be mapped.
If for example _amount_ is **4** the mapping would look like:

|   host UID     |    container UID    |
| -              | -                   |
| _from_uid_     | _container_uid_     |
| _from_uid_ + 1 | _container_uid_ + 1 |
| _from_uid_ + 2 | _container_uid_ + 2 |
| _from_uid_ + 3 | _container_uid_ + 3 |

When **podman run** is called by an unprivileged user (i.e. running rootless),
the value _from_uid_ is interpreted as an "intermediate UID". In the rootless
case, host UIDs are not mapped directly to container UIDs. Instead the mapping
happens over two mapping steps:

host UID -> intermediate UID -> container UID

The **--uidmap** option only influences the second mapping step.

The first mapping step is derived by Podman from the contents of the file
_/etc/subuid_ and the UID of the user calling Podman.

First mapping step:

| host UID                                         | intermediate UID |
| -                                                |                - |
| UID for the user starting Podman                 |                0 |
| 1st subordinate UID for the user starting Podman |                1 |
| 2nd subordinate UID for the user starting Podman |                2 |
| 3rd subordinate UID for the user starting Podman |                3 |
| nth subordinate UID for the user starting Podman |                n |

To be able to use intermediate UIDs greater than zero, the user needs to have
subordinate UIDs configured in _/etc/subuid_. See **subuid**(5).

The second mapping step is configured with **--uidmap**.

If for example _amount_ is **5** the second mapping step would look like:

|   intermediate UID   |    container UID    |
| -                    | -                   |
| _from_uid_           | _container_uid_     |
| _from_uid_ + 1       | _container_uid_ + 1 |
| _from_uid_ + 2       | _container_uid_ + 2 |
| _from_uid_ + 3       | _container_uid_ + 3 |
| _from_uid_ + 4       | _container_uid_ + 4 |

Even if a user does not have any subordinate UIDs in  _/etc/subuid_,
**--uidmap** could still be used to map the normal UID of the user to a
container UID by running `podman run --uidmap $container_uid:0:1 --user $container_uid ...`.

#### **--ulimit**=*option*

Ulimit options. You can use **host** to copy the current configuration from the host.

#### **--user**, **-u**=[_user_ | _user_:_group_ | _uid_ | _uid_:_gid_ | _user_:_gid_ | _uid_:_group_ ]

Sets the username or UID used and optionally the groupname or GID for the specified command.

Without this argument, the command will run as the user specified in the container image. Unless overridden by a `USER` command in the Containerfile or by a value passed to this option, this user generally defaults to root.

When a user namespace is not in use, the UID and GID used within the container and on the host will match. When user namespaces are in use, however, the UID and GID in the container may correspond to another UID and GID on the host. In rootless containers, for example, a user namespace is always used, and root in the container will by default correspond to the UID and GID of the user invoking Podman.

#### **--userns**=*mode*

Set the user namespace mode for the container. It defaults to the **PODMAN_USERNS** environment variable. An empty value ("") means user namespaces are disabled unless an explicit mapping is set with the **--uidmap** and **--gidmap** options.

Valid _mode_ values are:

**auto**[:_OPTIONS,..._]: automatically create a unique user namespace.

The `--userns=auto` flag, requires that the user name `containers` and a range of subordinate user ids that the Podman container is allowed to use be specified in the /etc/subuid and /etc/subgid files.

Example: `containers:2147483647:2147483648`.

Podman allocates unique ranges of UIDs and GIDs from the `containers` subpordinate user ids. The size of the ranges is based on the number of UIDs required in the image. The number of UIDs and GIDs can be overridden with the `size` option. The `auto` options currently does not work in rootless mode

  Valid `auto`options:

  - *gidmapping*=_HOST_GID:CONTAINER_GID:SIZE_: to force a GID mapping to be present in the user namespace.
  - *size*=_SIZE_: to specify an explicit size for the automatic user namespace. e.g. `--userns=auto:size=8192`. If `size` is not specified, `auto` will estimate a size for the user namespace.
  - *uidmapping*=_HOST_UID:CONTAINER_UID:SIZE_: to force a UID mapping to be present in the user namespace.

**container:**_id_: join the user namespace of the specified container.

**host**: run in the user namespace of the caller. The processes running in the container will have the same privileges on the host as any other process launched by the calling user (default).

- **keep-id**: creates a user namespace where the current rootless user's UID:GID are mapped to the same values in the container. This option is ignored for containers created by the root user.

- **ns:**_namespace_: run the container in the given existing user namespace.

- **private**: create a new namespace for the container.

This option is incompatible with **--gidmap**, **--uidmap**, **--subuidname** and **--subgidname**.

#### **--uts**=*mode*

Set the UTS namespace mode for the container. The following values are supported:

- **host**: use the host's UTS namespace inside the container.
- **private**: create a new namespace for the container (default).
- **ns:[path]**: run the container in the given existing UTS namespace.
- **container:[container]**: join the UTS namespace of the specified container.

#### **--variant**=*VARIANT*
Use _VARIANT_ instead of the default architecture variant of the container image. Some images can use multiple variants of the arm architectures, such as arm/v5 and arm/v7.

#### **--volume**, **-v**[=*[[SOURCE-VOLUME|HOST-DIR:]CONTAINER-DIR[:OPTIONS]]*]

Create a bind mount. If you specify _/HOST-DIR_:_/CONTAINER-DIR_, Podman
bind mounts _host-dir_ in the host to _CONTAINER-DIR_ in the Podman
container. Similarly, _SOURCE-VOLUME_:_/CONTAINER-DIR_ will mount the volume
in the host to the container. If no such named volume exists, Podman will
create one. (Note when using the remote client, the volumes will be mounted from the remote server, not necessarily the client machine.)

The _options_ is a comma-separated list and can be: <sup>[[1]](#Footnote1)</sup>

* **rw**|**ro**
* **z**|**Z**
* [**r**]**shared**|[**r**]**slave**|[**r**]**private**[**r**]**unbindable**
* [**r**]**bind**
* [**no**]**exec**
* [**no**]**dev**
* [**no**]**suid**
* [**O**]
* [**U**]

The `CONTAINER-DIR` must be an absolute path such as `/src/docs`. The volume
will be mounted into the container at this directory.

Volumes may specify a source as well, as either a directory on the host
or the name of a named volume. If no source is given, the volume will be created as an
anonymously named volume with a randomly generated name, and will be removed when
the container is removed via the `--rm` flag or `podman rm --volumes`.

If a volume source is specified, it must be a path on the host or the name of a
named volume. Host paths are allowed to be absolute or relative; relative paths
are resolved relative to the directory Podman is run in. If the source does not
exist, Podman will return an error. Users must pre-create the source files or
directories.

Any source that does not begin with a `.` or `/` will be treated as the name of
a named volume. If a volume with that name does not exist, it will be created.
Volumes created with names are not anonymous, and they are not removed by the `--rm`
option and the `podman rm --volumes` command.

You can specify multiple **-v** options to mount one or more volumes into a
container.

  `Write Protected Volume Mounts`

You can add **:ro** or **:rw** option to mount a volume in read-only or
read-write mode, respectively. By default, the volumes are mounted read-write.

  `Chowning Volume Mounts`

By default, Podman does not change the owner and group of source volume
directories mounted into containers. If a container is created in a new user
namespace, the UID and GID in the container may correspond to another UID and
GID on the host.

The `:U` suffix tells Podman to use the correct host UID and GID based on the
UID and GID within the container, to change recursively the owner and group of
the source volume.

**Warning** use with caution since this will modify the host filesystem.

  `Labeling Volume Mounts`

Labeling systems like SELinux require that proper labels are placed on volume
content mounted into a container. Without a label, the security system might
prevent the processes running inside the container from using the content. By
default, Podman does not change the labels set by the OS.

To change a label in the container context, you can add either of two suffixes
**:z** or **:Z** to the volume mount. These suffixes tell Podman to relabel file
objects on the shared volumes. The **z** option tells Podman that two containers
share the volume content. As a result, Podman labels the content with a shared
content label. Shared volume labels allow all containers to read/write content.
The **Z** option tells Podman to label the content with a private unshared label.

  `Overlay Volume Mounts`

   The `:O` flag tells Podman to mount the directory from the host as a
temporary storage using the `overlay file system`. The container processes
can modify content within the mountpoint which is stored in the
container storage in a separate directory. In overlay terms, the source
directory will be the lower, and the container storage directory will be the
upper. Modifications to the mount point are destroyed when the container
finishes executing, similar to a tmpfs mount point being unmounted.

  Subsequent executions of the container will see the original source directory
content, any changes from previous container executions no longer exist.

  One use case of the overlay mount is sharing the package cache from the
host into the container to allow speeding up builds.

  Note:

     - The `O` flag conflicts with other options listed above.
Content mounted into the container is labeled with the private label.
       On SELinux systems, labels in the source directory must be readable
by the container label. Usually containers can read/execute `container_share_t`
and can read/write `container_file_t`. If you cannot change the labels on a
source volume, SELinux container separation must be disabled for the container
to work.
     - The source directory mounted into the container with an overlay mount
should not be modified, it can cause unexpected failures. It is recommended
that you do not modify the directory until the container finishes running.

Only the current container can use a private volume.

  `Mounts propagation`

By default bind mounted volumes are `private`. That means any mounts done
inside container will not be visible on host and vice versa. One can change
this behavior by specifying a volume mount propagation property. Making a
volume shared mounts done under that volume inside container will be
visible on host and vice versa. Making a volume **slave** enables only one
way mount propagation and that is mounts done on host under that volume
will be visible inside container but not the other way around. <sup>[[1]](#Footnote1)</sup>

To control mount propagation property of volume one can use [**r**]**shared**,
[**r**]**slave**, [**r**]**private** or [**r**]**unbindable** propagation flag.
Propagation property can be specified only for bind mounted volumes and not for
internal volumes or named volumes. For mount propagation to work source mount
point (mount point where source dir is mounted on) has to have right propagation
properties. For shared volumes, source mount point has to be shared. And for
slave volumes, source mount has to be either shared or slave.
<sup>[[1]](#Footnote1)</sup>

If you want to recursively mount a volume and all of its submounts into a
container, then you can use the **rbind** option. By default the bind option is
used, and submounts of the source directory will not be mounted into the
container.

Mounting the volume with the **nosuid** options means that SUID applications on
the volume will not be able to change their privilege. By default volumes
are mounted with **nosuid**.

Mounting the volume with the **noexec** option means that no executables on the
volume will be able to executed within the container.

Mounting the volume with the **nodev** option means that no devices on the volume
will be able to be used by processes within the container. By default volumes
are mounted with **nodev**.

If the _host-dir_ is a mount point, then **dev**, **suid**, and **exec** options are
ignored by the kernel.

Use **df $hostdir** to figure out the source mount, and then use
**findmnt -o TARGET,PROPAGATION _source-mount-dir_** to figure out propagation
properties of source mount. If **findmnt**(1) utility is not available, then one
can look at mount entry for source mount point in _/proc/self/mountinfo_. Look
at the "optional fields" and see if any propagation properties are specified.
In there, **shared:N** means the mount is shared, **master:N** means mount
is slave, and if nothing is there, the mount is private. <sup>[[1]](#Footnote1)</sup>

To change propagation properties of a mount point, use **mount**(8) command. For
example, if one wants to bind mount source directory _/foo_, one can do
**mount --bind /foo /foo** and **mount --make-private --make-shared /foo**. This
will convert /foo into a shared mount point. Alternatively, one can directly
change propagation properties of source mount. Say, if _/_ is source mount for
_/foo_, then use **mount --make-shared /** to convert _/_ into a shared mount.

Note: if the user only has access rights via a group, accessing the volume
from inside a rootless container will fail. Use the `--group-add keep-groups`
flag to pass the user's supplementary group access into the container.

#### **--volumes-from**[=*CONTAINER*[:*OPTIONS*]]

Mount volumes from the specified container(s). Used to share volumes between
containers. The *options* is a comma-separated list with the following available elements:

* **rw**|**ro**
* **z**

Mounts already mounted volumes from a source container onto another
container. You must supply the source's container-id or container-name.
To share a volume, use the --volumes-from option when running
the target container. You can share volumes even if the source container
is not running.

By default, Podman mounts the volumes in the same mode (read-write or
read-only) as it is mounted in the source container.
You can change this by adding a `ro` or `rw` _option_.

Labeling systems like SELinux require that proper labels are placed on volume
content mounted into a container. Without a label, the security system might
prevent the processes running inside the container from using the content. By
default, Podman does not change the labels set by the OS.

To change a label in the container context, you can add `z` to the volume mount.
This suffix tells Podman to relabel file objects on the shared volumes. The `z`
option tells Podman that two containers share the volume content. As a result,
Podman labels the content with a shared content label. Shared volume labels allow
all containers to read/write content.

If the location of the volume from the source container overlaps with
data residing on a target container, then the volume hides
that data on the target.

#### **--workdir**, **-w**=*dir*

Working directory inside the container.

The default working directory for running binaries within a container is the root directory (**/**).
The image developer can set a different default with the WORKDIR instruction. The operator
can override the working directory by using the **-w** option.

#### **--pidfile**=*path*

When the pidfile location is specified, the container process' PID will be written to the pidfile. (This option is not available with the remote Podman client)
If the pidfile option is not specified, the container process' PID will be written to /run/containers/storage/${storage-driver}-containers/$CID/userdata/pidfile.

After the container is started, the location for the pidfile can be discovered with the following `podman inspect` command:

    $ podman inspect --format '{{ .PidFile }}' $CID
    /run/containers/storage/${storage-driver}-containers/$CID/userdata/pidfile

## Exit Status

The exit code from **podman run** gives information about why the container
failed to run or why it exited. When **podman run** exits with a non-zero code,
the exit codes follow the **chroot**(1) standard, see below:

  **125** The error is with Podman itself

    $ podman run --foo busybox; echo $?
    Error: unknown flag: --foo
    125

  **126** The _contained command_ cannot be invoked

    $ podman run busybox /etc; echo $?
    Error: container_linux.go:346: starting container process caused "exec: \"/etc\": permission denied": OCI runtime error
    126

  **127** The _contained command_ cannot be found

    $ podman run busybox foo; echo $?
    Error: container_linux.go:346: starting container process caused "exec: \"foo\": executable file not found in $PATH": OCI runtime error
    127

  **Exit code** _contained command_ exit code

    $ podman run busybox /bin/sh -c 'exit 3'; echo $?
    3

## EXAMPLES

### Running container in read-only mode

During container image development, containers often need to write to the image
content. Installing packages into _/usr_, for example. In production,
applications seldom need to write to the image.  Container applications write
to volumes if they need to write to file systems at all. Applications can be
made more secure by running them in read-only mode using the **--read-only** switch.
This protects the containers image from modification. Read only containers may
still need to write temporary data. The best way to handle this is to mount
tmpfs directories on _/run_ and _/tmp_.

```
$ podman run --read-only -i -t fedora /bin/bash

$ podman run --read-only --read-only-tmpfs=false --tmpfs /run -i -t fedora /bin/bash
```

### Exposing log messages from the container to the host's log

If you want messages that are logged in your container to show up in the host's
syslog/journal then you should bind mount the _/dev/log_ directory as follows.

```
$ podman run -v /dev/log:/dev/log -i -t fedora /bin/bash
```

From inside the container you can test this by sending a message to the log.

```
(bash)# logger "Hello from my container"
```

Then exit and check the journal.

```
(bash)# exit

$ journalctl -b | grep Hello
```

This should list the message sent to logger.

### Attaching to one or more from STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR

If you do not specify **-a**, Podman will attach everything (stdin, stdout, stderr).
You can specify to which of the three standard streams (stdin, stdout, stderr)
you'd like to connect instead, as in:

```
$ podman run -a stdin -a stdout -i -t fedora /bin/bash
```

### Sharing IPC between containers

Using **shm_server.c** available here: https://www.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave/C/node27.html

Testing **--ipc=host** mode:

Host shows a shared memory segment with 7 pids attached, happens to be from httpd:

```
$ sudo ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status
0x01128e25 0          root       600        1000       7
```

Now run a regular container, and it correctly does NOT see the shared memory segment from the host:

```
$ podman run -it shm ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status
```

Run a container with the new **--ipc=host** option, and it now sees the shared memory segment from the host httpd:

```
$ podman run -it --ipc=host shm ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status
0x01128e25 0          root       600        1000       7
```
Testing **--ipc=container:**_id_ mode:

Start a container with a program to create a shared memory segment:
```
$ podman run -it shm bash
$ sudo shm/shm_server &
$ sudo ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status
0x0000162e 0          root       666        27         1
```
Create a 2nd container correctly shows no shared memory segment from 1st container:
```
$ podman run shm ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status
```

Create a 3rd container using the **--ipc=container:**_id_ option, now it shows the shared memory segment from the first:

```
$ podman run -it --ipc=container:ed735b2264ac shm ipcs -m
$ sudo ipcs -m

------ Shared Memory Segments --------
key        shmid      owner      perms      bytes      nattch     status
0x0000162e 0          root       666        27         1
```

### Mapping Ports for External Usage

The exposed port of an application can be mapped to a host port using the **-p**
flag. For example, an httpd port 80 can be mapped to the host port 8080 using the
following:

```
$ podman run -p 8080:80 -d -i -t fedora/httpd
```

### Mounting External Volumes

To mount a host directory as a container volume, specify the absolute path to
the directory and the absolute path for the container directory separated by a
colon. If the source is a named volume maintained by Podman, it is recommended to
use its name rather than the path to the volume. Otherwise the volume will be
considered as an orphan and wiped if you execute **podman volume prune**:

```
$ podman run -v /var/db:/data1 -i -t fedora bash

$ podman run -v data:/data2 -i -t fedora bash

$ podman run -v /var/cache/dnf:/var/cache/dnf:O -ti fedora dnf -y update

$ podman run -d -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=root --user mysql --userns=keep-id -v ~/data:/var/lib/mysql:z,U mariadb
```

Using **--mount** flags to mount a host directory as a container folder, specify
the absolute path to the directory or the volume name, and the absolute path
within the container directory:

````
$ podman run --mount type=bind,src=/var/db,target=/data1 busybox sh

$ podman run --mount type=bind,src=volume-name,target=/data1 busybox sh
````

When using SELinux, be aware that the host has no knowledge of container SELinux
policy. Therefore, in the above example, if SELinux policy is enforced, the
_/var/db_ directory is not writable to the container. A "Permission Denied"
message will occur and an **avc:** message in the host's syslog.

To work around this, at time of writing this man page, the following command
needs to be run in order for the proper SELinux policy type label to be attached
to the host directory:

```
$ chcon -Rt svirt_sandbox_file_t /var/db
```

Now, writing to the _/data1_ volume in the container will be allowed and the
changes will also be reflected on the host in _/var/db_.

### Using alternative security labeling

You can override the default labeling scheme for each container by specifying
the **--security-opt** flag. For example, you can specify the MCS/MLS level, a
requirement for MLS systems. Specifying the level in the following command
allows you to share the same content between containers.

```
podman run --security-opt label=level:s0:c100,c200 -i -t fedora bash
```

An MLS example might be:

```
$ podman run --security-opt label=level:TopSecret -i -t rhel7 bash
```

To disable the security labeling for this container versus running with the
#### **--permissive** flag, use the following command:

```
$ podman run --security-opt label=disable -i -t fedora bash
```

If you want a tighter security policy on the processes within a container,
you can specify an alternate type for the container. You could run a container
that is only allowed to listen on Apache ports by executing the following
command:

```
$ podman run --security-opt label=type:svirt_apache_t -i -t centos bash
```

Note you would have to write policy defining a **svirt_apache_t** type.

To mask additional specific paths in the container, specify the paths
separated by a colon using the **mask** option with the **--security-opt**
flag.

```
$ podman run --security-opt mask=/foo/bar:/second/path fedora bash
```

To unmask all the paths that are masked by default, set the **unmask** option to
**ALL**. Or to only unmask specific paths, specify the paths as shown above with
the **mask** option.

```
$ podman run --security-opt unmask=ALL fedora bash
```

To unmask all the paths that start with /proc, set the **unmask** option to
**/proc/***.

```
$ podman run --security-opt unmask=/proc/* fedora bash
```

```
$ podman run --security-opt unmask=/foo/bar:/sys/firmware fedora bash
```

### Setting device weight

If you want to set _/dev/sda_ device weight to **200**, you can specify the device
weight by **--blkio-weight-device** flag. Use the following command:

```
$ podman run -it --blkio-weight-device "/dev/sda:200" ubuntu
```

### Using a podman container with input from a pipe

```
$ echo "asdf" | podman run --rm -i --entrypoint /bin/cat someimage
asdf
```

### Setting automatic user namespace separated containers

```
# podman run --userns=auto:size=65536 ubi8-micro cat /proc/self/uid_map
0 2147483647      65536
# podman run --userns=auto:size=65536 ubi8-micro cat /proc/self/uid_map
0 2147549183      65536
```

### Setting Namespaced Kernel Parameters (Sysctls)

The **--sysctl** sets namespaced kernel parameters (sysctls) in the
container. For example, to turn on IP forwarding in the containers
network namespace, run this command:

```
$ podman run --sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 someimage
```

Note that not all sysctls are namespaced. Podman does not support changing sysctls
inside of a container that also modify the host system. As the kernel
evolves we expect to see more sysctls become namespaced.

See the definition of the **--sysctl** option above for the current list of
supported sysctls.

### Set UID/GID mapping in a new user namespace

Running a container in a new user namespace requires a mapping of
the uids and gids from the host.

```
$ podman run --uidmap 0:30000:7000 --gidmap 0:30000:7000 fedora echo hello
```

### Configuring Storage Options from the command line

Podman allows for the configuration of storage by changing the values
in the _/etc/container/storage.conf_ or by using global options. This
shows how to setup and use fuse-overlayfs for a one time run of busybox
using global options.

```
podman --log-level=debug --storage-driver overlay --storage-opt "overlay.mount_program=/usr/bin/fuse-overlayfs" run busybox /bin/sh
```

### Configure timezone in a container

```
$ podman run --tz=local alpine date
$ podman run --tz=Asia/Shanghai alpine date
$ podman run --tz=US/Eastern alpine date
```

### Adding dependency containers

The first container, container1, is not started initially, but must be running before container2 will start.
The `podman run` command will start the container automatically before starting container2.

```
$ podman create --name container1 -t -i fedora bash
$ podman run --name container2 --requires container1 -t -i fedora bash
```

Multiple containers can be required.

```
$ podman create --name container1 -t -i fedora bash
$ podman create --name container2 -t -i fedora bash
$ podman run --name container3 --requires container1,container2 -t -i fedora bash
```

### Configure keep supplemental groups for access to volume

```
$ podman run -v /var/lib/design:/var/lib/design --group-add keep-groups ubi8
```

### Configure execution domain for containers using personality flag

```
$ podman run --name container1 --personaity=LINUX32 fedora bash
```

### Rootless Containers

Podman runs as a non root user on most systems. This feature requires that a new enough version of **shadow-utils**
be installed. The **shadow-utils** package must include the **newuidmap**(1) and **newgidmap**(1) executables.

Note: RHEL7 and Centos 7 will not have this feature until RHEL7.7 is released.

In order for users to run rootless, there must be an entry for their username in _/etc/subuid_ and _/etc/subgid_ which lists the UIDs for their user namespace.

Rootless Podman works better if the fuse-overlayfs and slirp4netns packages are installed.
The **fuse-overlay** package provides a userspace overlay storage driver, otherwise users need to use
the **vfs** storage driver, which is diskspace expensive and does not perform well. slirp4netns is
required for VPN, without it containers need to be run with the **--network=host** flag.

## ENVIRONMENT

Environment variables within containers can be set using multiple different options,
in the following order of precedence (later entries override earlier entries):

- Container image: Any environment variables specified in the container image.
- **--http-proxy**: By default, several environment variables will be passed in from the host, such as **http_proxy** and **no_proxy**. See **--http-proxy** for details.
- **--env-host**: Host environment of the process executing Podman is added.
- **--env-file**: Any environment variables specified via env-files. If multiple files specified, then they override each other in order of entry.
- **--env**: Any environment variables specified will override previous settings.

Run containers and set the environment ending with a __*__ and a __*****__:

```
$ export ENV1=a
$ podman run --env ENV* alpine printenv ENV1
a

$ podman run --env ENV*****=b alpine printenv ENV*****
b
```

## CONMON

When Podman starts a container it actually executes the conmon program, which
then executes the OCI Runtime.  Conmon is the container monitor.  It is a small
program whose job is to watch the primary process of the container, and if the
container dies, save the exit code.  It also holds open the tty of the
container, so that it can be attached to later. This is what allows Podman to
run in detached mode (backgrounded), so Podman can exit but conmon continues to
run.  Each container has their own instance of conmon. Conmon waits for the
container to exit, gathers and saves the exit code, and then launches a Podman
process to complete the container cleanup, by shutting down the network and
storage.   For more information on conmon, please reference the conmon(8) man
page.

## FILES

**/etc/subuid**

**/etc/subgid**

NOTE: Use the environment variable `TMPDIR` to change the temporary storage location of downloaded container images. Podman defaults to use `/var/tmp`.

## SEE ALSO
**podman**(1), **podman-save**(1), **podman-ps**(1), **podman-attach**(1), **podman-pod-create**(1), **podman-port**(1), **podman-start**(1), **podman-kill**(1), **podman-stop**(1),
**podman-generate-systemd**(1) **podman-rm**(1), **subgid**(5), **subuid**(5), **containers.conf**(5), **systemd.unit**(5), **setsebool**(8), **slirp4netns**(1), **fuse-overlayfs**(1), **proc**(5), **conmon**(8), **personality**(2).

## HISTORY
September 2018, updated by Kunal Kushwaha `<kushwaha_kunal_v7@lab.ntt.co.jp>`

October 2017, converted from Docker documentation to Podman by Dan Walsh for Podman `<dwalsh@redhat.com>`

November 2015, updated by Sally O'Malley `<somalley@redhat.com>`

June 2014, updated by Sven Dowideit `<SvenDowideit@home.org.au>`

April 2014, Originally compiled by William Henry `<whenry@redhat.com>` based on docker.com source material and internal work.

## FOOTNOTES
<a name="Footnote1">1</a>: The Podman project is committed to inclusivity, a core value of open source. The `master` and `slave` mount propagation terminology used here is problematic and divisive, and should be changed. However, these terms are currently used within the Linux kernel and must be used as-is at this time. When the kernel maintainers rectify this usage, Podman will follow suit immediately.