Merge pull request #53 from fiji-flo/unslugging-es

Unslugging es

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+---
+title: encodeURIComponent
+slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent
+tags:
+  - JavaScript
+  - URI
+translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent
+original_slug: Web/JavaScript/Referencia/Objetos_globales/encodeURIComponent
+---
+<div>{{jsSidebar("Objects")}}</div>
+
+<h2 id="Summary" name="Summary">Resumen</h2>
+
+<p>El método <strong>encodeURIComponent()</strong> codifica un componente URI (Identificador Uniforme de Recursos) al reemplazar cada instancia de ciertos caracteres por una, dos, tres o cuatro secuencias de escape que representan la codificación UTF-8 del carácter (solo serán cuatro secuencias de escape para caracteres compuestos por dos carácteres "sustitutos").</p>
+
+<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">Sintaxis</h2>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox">encodeURIComponent(str);</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters">Parámetros</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><code>str</code></dt>
+ <dd>Cadena. Un componente de un URI.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h2 id="Description" name="Description">Descripción</h2>
+
+<p><code>encodeURIComponent</code> escapes all characters except the following: alphabetic, decimal digits, <code>- _ . ! ~ * ' ( )</code></p>
+
+<p>Note that an {{jsxref("Objetos_globales/URIError", "URIError")}} will be thrown if one attempts to encode a surrogate which is not part of a high-low pair, e.g.,</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">// high-low pair ok
+alert(encodeURIComponent('\uD800\uDFFF'));
+
+// lone high surrogate throws "URIError: malformed URI sequence"
+alert(encodeURIComponent('\uD800'));
+
+// lone low surrogate throws "URIError: malformed URI sequence"
+alert(encodeURIComponent('\uDFFF'));
+</pre>
+
+<p>To avoid unexpected requests to the server, you should call <code>encodeURIComponent</code> on any user-entered parameters that will be passed as part of a URI. For example, a user could type "<code>Thyme &amp;time=again</code>" for a variable <code>comment</code>. Not using <code>encodeURIComponent</code> on this variable will give <code>comment=Thyme%20&amp;time=again</code>. Note that the ampersand and the equal sign mark a new key and value pair. So instead of having a POST <code>comment</code> key equal to "<code>Thyme &amp;time=again</code>", you have two POST keys, one equal to "<code>Thyme </code>" and another (<code>time</code>) equal to <code>again</code>.</p>
+
+<p>For <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#application/x-www-form-urlencoded-encoding-algorithm"><code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></a> (POST), spaces are to be replaced by '+', so one may wish to follow a <code>encodeURIComponent</code> replacement with an additional replacement of "%20" with "+".</p>
+
+<p>To be more stringent in adhering to <a class="external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC 3986</a> (which reserves !, ', (, ), and *), even though these characters have no formalized URI delimiting uses, the following can be safely used:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function fixedEncodeURIComponent (str) {
+  return encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/[!'()]/g, escape).replace(/\*/g, "%2A");
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also">Examples</h2>
+
+<p>The following example provides the special encoding required within UTF-8 <code>Content-Disposition</code> and <code>Link</code> server response header parameters (e.g., UTF-8 filenames):</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">var fileName = 'my file(2).txt';
+var header = "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=UTF-8''" + encodeRFC5987ValueChars(fileName);
+
+console.log(header);
+// logs "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=UTF-8''my%20file%282%29.txt"
+
+
+function encodeRFC5987ValueChars (str) {
+    return encodeURIComponent(str).
+        // Note that although RFC3986 reserves "!", RFC5987 does not,
+        // so we do not need to escape it
+        replace(/['()]/g, escape). // i.e., %27 %28 %29
+        replace(/\*/g, '%2A').
+            // The following are not required for percent-encoding per RFC5987,
+            //  so we can allow for a little better readability over the wire: |`^
+            replace(/%(?:7C|60|5E)/g, unescape);
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+   <th scope="col">Status</th>
+   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>ECMAScript 3rd Edition.</td>
+   <td>Standard</td>
+   <td>Initial definition.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.1.3.4', 'encodeURIComponent')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-encodeuricomponent-uricomponent', 'encodeURIComponent')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>
+
+<p>{{ CompatibilityTable() }}</p>
+
+<div id="compat-desktop">
+<table class="compat-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th>Feature</th>
+   <th>Chrome</th>
+   <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
+   <th>Internet Explorer</th>
+   <th>Opera</th>
+   <th>Safari</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>Basic support</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div id="compat-mobile">
+<table class="compat-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th>Feature</th>
+   <th>Android</th>
+   <th>Chrome for Android</th>
+   <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
+   <th>IE Mobile</th>
+   <th>Opera Mobile</th>
+   <th>Safari Mobile</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>Basic support</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<h2 id="See_Also" name="See_Also">See also</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{jsxref("decodeURI")}}</li>
+ <li>{{jsxref("encodeURI")}}</li>
+ <li>{{jsxref("decodeURIComponent")}}</li>
+</ul>