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+---
+title: String
+slug: Web/JavaScript/Referencje/Obiekty/String
+tags:
+  - JavaScript
+  - String
+translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String
+---
+<p>{{JSRef}}</p>
+
+<h2 id="Podsumowanie" name="Podsumowanie">Podsumowanie</h2>
+
+<p>Tworzy obiekt pozwalający działać na ciągach znaków.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Tworzony_przez" name="Tworzony_przez">Składnia</h2>
+
+<p>Literały znakowe są postaci:</p>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox notranslate">'string text'
+"string text"
+"中文 español English हिन्दी العربية português বাংলা русский 日本語 ਪੰਜਾਬੀ 한국어 தமிழ்"
+</pre>
+
+<p>Beside regular, printable characters, special characters can be encoded using escape notation:</p>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <thead>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="col">Code</th>
+   <th scope="col">Output</th>
+  </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\0</code></td>
+   <td>the NUL character</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\'</code></td>
+   <td>single quote</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\"</code></td>
+   <td>double quote</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\\</code></td>
+   <td>backslash</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\n</code></td>
+   <td>new line</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\r</code></td>
+   <td>carriage return</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\v</code></td>
+   <td>vertical tab</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\t</code></td>
+   <td>tab</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\b</code></td>
+   <td>backspace</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\f</code></td>
+   <td>form feed</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\uXXXX</code></td>
+   <td>unicode codepoint</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td><code>\xXX</code></td>
+   <td>the Latin-1 character</td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>Or, using the <code>String</code> global object directly:</p>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox notranslate">String(thing)
+new String(thing)
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Parametry" name="Parametry">Parametry</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><code>thing</code></dt>
+ <dd>Dowolny łańcuch znaków.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h2 id="Opis" name="Opis">Opis</h2>
+
+<p>trings are useful for holding data that can be represented in text form. Some of the most-used operations on strings are to check their {{jsxref("String.length", "length")}}, to build and concatenate them using the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/String_Operators">+ and += string operators</a>, checking for the existence or location of substrings with the {{jsxref("String.prototype.indexOf()", "indexOf()")}} method, or extracting substrings with the {{jsxref("String.prototype.substring()", "substring()")}} method.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Character_access" name="Character_access">Character access</h3>
+
+<p>There are two ways to access an individual character in a string. The first is the {{jsxref("String.prototype.charAt()", "charAt()")}} method:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">return 'cat'.charAt(1); // returns "a"</pre>
+
+<div class="line-number" style="top: 0px;"></div>
+
+<p>The other way (introduced in ECMAScript 5) is to treat the string as an array-like object, where individual characters correspond to a numerical index:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">return 'cat'[1]; // returns "a"</pre>
+
+<div class="line-number" style="top: 0px;"></div>
+
+<p>For character access using bracket notation, attempting to delete or assign a value to these properties will not succeed. The properties involved are neither writable nor configurable. (See {{jsxref("Object.defineProperty()")}} for more information.)</p>
+
+<h3 id="Comparing_strings" name="Comparing_strings">Comparing strings</h3>
+
+<p>C developers have the <code>strcmp()</code> function for comparing strings. In JavaScript, you just use the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators">less-than and greater-than operators</a>:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var a = 'a';
+var b = 'b';
+if (a &lt; b) { // true
+  print(a + ' is less than ' + b);
+} else if (a &gt; b) {
+  print(a + ' is greater than ' + b);
+} else {
+  print(a + ' and ' + b + ' are equal.');
+}</pre>
+
+<p>A similar result can be achieved using the {{jsxref("String.prototype.localeCompare()", "localeCompare()")}} method inherited by <code>String</code> instances.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Distinction_between_string_primitives_and_String_objects">Distinction between string primitives and <code>String</code> objects</h3>
+
+<p>Note that JavaScript distinguishes between <code>String</code> objects and primitive string values. (The same is true of {{jsxref("Global_Objects/Boolean", "Boolean")}} and {{jsxref("Global_Objects/Number", "Numbers")}}.)</p>
+
+<p>String literals (denoted by double or single quotes) and strings returned from <code>String</code> calls in a non-constructor context (i.e., without using the {{jsxref("Operators/new", "new")}} keyword) are primitive strings. JavaScript automatically converts primitives to <code>String</code> objects, so that it's possible to use <code>String</code> object methods for primitive strings. In contexts where a method is to be invoked on a primitive string or a property lookup occurs, JavaScript will automatically wrap the string primitive and call the method or perform the property lookup.</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var s_prim = 'foo';
+var s_obj = new String(s_prim);
+
+console.log(typeof s_prim); // Logs "string"
+console.log(typeof s_obj);  // Logs "object"</pre>
+
+<div class="line-number" style="top: 76px;"></div>
+
+<p>String primitives and <code>String</code> objects also give different results when using {{jsxref("Global_Objects/eval", "eval()")}}. Primitives passed to <code>eval</code> are treated as source code; <code>String</code> objects are treated as all other objects are, by returning the object. For example:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var s1 = '2 + 2';             // creates a string primitive
+var s2 = new String('2 + 2'); // creates a String object
+console.log(eval(s1));        // returns the number 4
+console.log(eval(s2));        // returns the string "2 + 2"</pre>
+
+<p>For these reasons, code may break when it encounters <code>String</code> objects when it expects a primitive string instead, although generally authors need not worry about the distinction.</p>
+
+<p>A <code>String</code> object can always be converted to its primitive counterpart with the {{jsxref("String.prototype.valueOf()", "valueOf()")}} method.</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">console.log(eval(s2.valueOf())); // returns the number 4</pre>
+
+<div class="note"><strong>Note:</strong> For another possible approach to strings in JavaScript, please read the article about <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Add-ons/Code_snippets/StringView"><code>StringView</code> — a C-like representation of strings based on typed arrays</a>.</div>
+
+<h2 id="W.C5.82asno.C5.9Bci" name="W.C5.82asno.C5.9Bci">Własności</h2>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>{{jsxref("String.prototype")}}</dt>
+ <dd>Pozwala na dodawanie własności do obiektu <code>String</code>.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<div>{{jsOverrides("Function", "Properties", "prototype")}}</div>
+
+<h2 id="Metody">Metody</h2>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>{{jsxref("String.fromCharCode()")}}</dt>
+ <dd>Zwraca łańcuch znaków stworzony przez podaną sekwencję kodów Unicode.</dd>
+ <dt>{{jsxref("String.fromCodePoint()")}} {{experimental_inline}}</dt>
+ <dd>Returns a string created by using the specified sequence of code points.</dd>
+ <dt>{{jsxref("String.raw()")}} {{experimental_inline}}</dt>
+ <dd>Returns a string created from a raw template string.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<div>{{jsOverrides("Function", "Methods", "fromCharCode", "fromCodePoint", "raw")}}</div>
+
+<h2 id="Przyk.C5.82ady" name="Przyk.C5.82ady">Przykłady</h2>
+
+<h3 id="Example_String_conversion">Example: String conversion</h3>
+
+<p>It's possible to use <code>String</code> as a "safer" {{jsxref("String.prototype.toString()", "toString()")}} alternative, as although it still normally calls the underlying <code>toString()</code>, it also works for {{jsxref("null")}} and {{jsxref("undefined")}}. For example:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var outputStrings = [];
+for (var i = 0, n = inputValues.length; i &lt; n; ++i) {
+  outputStrings.push(String(inputValues[i]));
+}</pre>