Merge pull request #43 from fiji-flo/unslugging-pt-pt

Unslugging pt pt

1 files changed, 613 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/files/pt-pt/learn/html/introduction_to_html/getting_started/index.html b/files/pt-pt/learn/html/introduction_to_html/getting_started/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1aab102ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/files/pt-pt/learn/html/introduction_to_html/getting_started/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+---
+title: Começar com HTML
+slug: Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Getting_started
+tags:
+  - Comentário
+  - Elemento
+  - Guía
+  - HTML
+  - Principiante
+  - atributo
+  - espaço em branco
+  - referência de entidade
+translation_of: Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Getting_started
+original_slug: Learn/HTML/Introducao_ao_HTML/Iniciacao_HTML
+---
+<div>{{LearnSidebar}}</div>
+
+<div>{{NextMenu("Learn/HTML/Introducao_ao_HTML/Os_metadados_de_head_em_HTML", "Learn/HTML/Introducao_ao_HTML")}}</div>
+
+<p class="summary">Neste artigo nós iremos abranger os básicos absolutos de HTML, para o iniciar — nós definimos os elementos, atributos, e todos os outros termos importantes que já poderá ter ouvido, e onde os incorporar na linguagem. Nós também mostramos como é que o elemento de HTML é estruturado, como é que uma página HTML é estruturada, e explicar outras funcionalidades de linguagem básica importantes. E nós iremos algumas demonstrações de algum HTML, para o motivar!</p>
+
+<table class="learn-box standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">Pré-requisitos:</th>
+   <td>Basic computer literacy, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Installing_basic_software">basic software installed</a>, and basic knowledge of <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/Learn/Getting_started_with_the_web/Dealing_with_files">working with files</a>.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">Objetivo:</th>
+   <td>To gain basic familiarity with the HTML language, and get some practice writing a few HTML elements.</td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="O_que_é_HTML">O que é HTML?</h2>
+
+<p>{{glossary("HTML")}} (Linguagem de Marcação de Hipertexto) não é uma linguagem de programação; é uma <em>linguagem de marcação</em> utilizada para comunicar ao seu navegador como estruturar as páginas da Web que visita. Este pode ser tão complicado ou tão simples como o programador da <em>Web</em> o desejar. HTML consiste em uma série de  {{glossary("Element", "elementos")}}, que utiliza para incluir, ou marcar diferentes partes do conteúdo para que este apareça ou atue de uma determinada maneira. A inclusão de {{glossary("Tag", "etiquetas")}} pode tornar uma parte do conteúdo em uma hiperligação para interligar com outra página na <em>Web</em>, colocar as palavras em itálico, e assim por diante. Por exemplo, siga a seguinte linha de conteúdo:</p>
+
+<pre>My cat is very grumpy</pre>
+
+<p>Se quisermos que a linha esteja demarcada, podemos especificar que é um parágrafo, encerrando-a num elemento com <em>tag </em>de parágrafo ({{htmlelement("p")}}) :</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;p&gt;My cat is very grumpy&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Anatomia_de_um_elemento_HTML">Anatomia de um elemento HTML</h2>
+
+<p>Vamos explorar o nosso elemento parágrafo um pouco mais:</p>
+
+<p><img alt="" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/9347/grumpy-cat-small.png" style="display: block; height: 255px; margin: 0px auto; width: 821px;"></p>
+
+<p>As partes principais do nosso elemento são:</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li><strong>A tag de abertura:</strong> Isto consiste no nome do elemento (neste caso, p), envolta por <strong>colchetes angulares</strong> de abertura ( &lt; ) e fecho ( &gt; ). Isto especifica onde o elemento começa, ou onde começa a ter efeito - neste caso, onde está o início do parágrafo.</li>
+ <li><strong>A tag de fecho:</strong> Isto é o mesmo que a tag de abertura, só que inclui um traço ( \ ) antes do nome do elemento. Isto indica onde é que o elemento acaba - neste caso, onde é o fim do parágrafo. Esquecer-se de incluir uma tag de fecho é um erro comum de principiante e pode levar a resultados estranhos.</li>
+ <li><strong>O conteúdo:</strong> É o conteúdo do elemento, que neste caso é só texto.</li>
+ <li><strong>O elemento:</strong> A tag de abertura mais a tag de fecho mais o conteúdo é igual ao elemento.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h3 id="Aprendizagem_ativa_criar_o_seu_primeiro_HTML">Aprendizagem ativa: criar o seu primeiro HTML</h3>
+
+<p>Edit the line below in the <em>Input</em> area by wrapping it with the tags <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> and <code>&lt;/em&gt;</code> (put <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> before it to <em>open the element</em>, and <code>&lt;/em&gt;</code> after it, to <em>close the element</em>) — this should give the line italic emphasis! You'll be able to see your changes update live in the <em>Output</em> area.</p>
+
+<p>If you make a mistake, you can always reset it using the <em>Reset</em> button. If you get really stuck, press the <em>Show solution</em> button to see the answer.</p>
+
+<div class="hidden">
+<h6 id="Playable_code">Playable code</h6>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;h2&gt;Input&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;textarea id="code" class="input"&gt;This is my text.&lt;/textarea&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Output&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;div class="output"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;div class="controls"&gt;
+  &lt;input id="reset" type="button" value="Reset" /&gt;
+  &lt;input id="solution" type="button" value="Show solution" /&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+</pre>
+
+<pre class="brush: css">body {
+  font-family: 'Open Sans Light',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
+}
+
+.input, .output {
+  width: 90%;
+  height: 2em;
+  padding: 10px;
+  border: 1px solid #0095dd;
+}
+
+button {
+  padding: 10px 10px 10px 0;
+}
+</pre>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">var textarea = document.getElementById("code");
+var reset = document.getElementById("reset");
+var code = textarea.value;
+var output = document.querySelector(".output");
+var solution = document.getElementById("solution");
+
+function drawOutput() {
+  output.innerHTML = textarea.value;
+}
+
+reset.addEventListener("click", function() {
+  textarea.value = code;
+  drawOutput();
+});
+
+solution.addEventListener("click", function() {
+  textarea.value = '&lt;em&gt;This is my text.&lt;/em&gt;';
+  drawOutput();
+});
+
+textarea.addEventListener("input", drawOutput);
+window.addEventListener("load", drawOutput);
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Playable_code', 700, 300) }}</p>
+
+<h3 id="Nesting_elements">Nesting elements</h3>
+
+<p>You can put elements inside other elements too — this is called <strong>nesting</strong>. If we wanted to state that our cat is <strong>very</strong> grumpy, we could wrap the word "very" in a {{htmlelement("strong")}} element, which means that the word is to be strongly emphasized:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;p&gt;My cat is &lt;strong&gt;very&lt;/strong&gt; grumpy.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>You do however need to make sure that your elements are properly nested: in the example above we opened the <code>p</code> element first, then the <code>strong</code> element, therefore we have to close the <code>strong</code> element first, then the <code>p</code>. The following is incorrect:</p>
+
+<pre class="example-bad brush: html">&lt;p&gt;My cat is &lt;strong&gt;very grumpy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>The elements have to open and close correctly so they are clearly inside or outside one another. If they overlap like above, then your web browser will try to make a best guess at what you were trying to say, and you may well get unexpected results. So don't do it!</p>
+
+<h3 id="Block_versus_inline_elements">Block versus inline elements</h3>
+
+<p>There are two important categories of elements in HTML, which you should know about — block-level elements and inline elements.</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Block-level elements form a visible block on a page — they will appear on a new line from whatever content went before it, and any content that goes after it will also appear on a new line. Block-level elements tend to be structural elements on the page that represent, for example, paragraphs, lists, navigation menus, footers, etc. A block-level element wouldn't be nested inside an inline element, but it might be nested inside another block-level element.</li>
+ <li>Inline elements are those that are contained within block-level elements and surround only small parts of the document’s content, not entire paragraphs and groupings of content. An inline element will not cause a new line to appear in the document; they would normally appear inside a paragraph of text, for example an {{htmlelement("a")}} element (hyperlink) or emphasis elements such as {{htmlelement("em")}} or {{htmlelement("strong")}}.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Take the following example:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;em&gt;first&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;second&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;third&lt;/em&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;fourth&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;fifth&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;sixth&lt;/p&gt;
+</pre>
+
+<p>{{htmlelement("em")}} is an inline element, so as you can see below, the first three elements sit on the same line as one another with no space in between. On the other hand, {{htmlelement("p")}} is a block-level element, so each element appears on a new line, with space above and below each (the spacing is due to default <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/Introduction_to_CSS">CSS styling</a> that the browser applies to paragraphs).</p>
+
+<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Block_versus_inline_elements', 700, 200) }}</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p><strong>Nota</strong>: HTML5 redefined the element categories in HTML5: see <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/complete/section-index.html#element-content-categories">Element content categories</a>. While these definitions are more accurate and less ambiguous than the ones that went before, they are a lot more complicated to understand than "block" and "inline", so we will stick with these throughout this topic.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p><strong>Nota</strong>: You can find useful reference pages that include lists of block and inline elements — see <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Block-level_elements">Block-level elements</a> and <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Inline_elements">Inline elements</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h3 id="Elementos_vazios">Elementos vazios</h3>
+
+<p>Not all elements follow the above pattern of opening tag, content, closing tag. Some elements consist only of a single tag, which is usually used to insert/embed something in the document at the place it is included. For example, the {{htmlelement("img")}} element embeds an image file onto a page in the position it is included in:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mdn/beginner-html-site/gh-pages/images/firefox-icon.png"&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>This would output the following on your page:</p>
+
+<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Empty_elements', 700, 300) }}</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p><strong>Nota</strong>: Empty elements are also sometimes called <em>void elements</em>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h2 id="Atributos">Atributos</h2>
+
+<p>Elements can also have attributes, which look like this:</p>
+
+<p><img alt='&amp;lt;p class="editor-note">My cat is very grumpy&amp;lt;/p>' src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/9345/grumpy-cat-attribute-small.png" style="display: block; height: 156px; margin: 0px auto; width: 1287px;"></p>
+
+<p>Attributes contain extra information about the element which you don't want to appear in the actual content. In this case, the <code>class</code> attribute allows you to give the element an identifying name that can be later used to target the element with style information and other things.</p>
+
+<p>An attribute should have:</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li>A space between it and the element name (or the previous attribute, if the element already has one or more attributes.)</li>
+ <li>The attribute name, followed by an equals sign.</li>
+ <li>An attribute value, with opening and closing quote marks wrapped around it.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h3 id="Aprendizagem_ativa_Adicionar_atributos_a_um_elemento">Aprendizagem ativa: Adicionar atributos a um elemento</h3>
+
+<p>Another example of an element is {{htmlelement("a")}} — this stands for anchor and will make the piece of text it wraps around into a hyperlink. This can take a number of attributes, but several are as follows:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><code>href</code>: This attribute specifies as its value the web address that you want the link to point to; where the browser navigates to when the link is clicked. For example, <code>href="https://www.mozilla.org/"</code>.</li>
+ <li><code>title</code>: The <code>title</code> attribute specifies extra information about the link, such as what the page is that you are linking to. For example, <code>title="The Mozilla homepage"</code>. This will appear as a tooltip when hovered over.</li>
+ <li><code>target</code>: The <code>target</code> attribute specifies the browsing context which will be used to display the link. For example, <code>target="_blank"</code> will display the link in a new tab. If you want to display the link in the current tab just omit this attribute.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Edit the line below in the <em>Input</em> area to turn it into a link to your favourite website. First, add the <code>&lt;a&gt;</code> element. Second, add the <code>href</code> attribute and the <code>title</code> attribute. Lastly, specify <code>target</code> attribute to open the link in the new tab. You'll be able to see your changes update live in the <em>Output</em> area. You should see a link that when hovered over displays the <code>title</code> attribute's content, and when clicked navigates to the web address in the <code>href</code> element. Remember that you need to include a space between the element name, and each attribute.</p>
+
+<p>If you make a mistake, you can always reset it using the <em>Reset</em> button. If you get really stuck, press the <em>Show solution</em> button to see the answer.</p>
+
+<div class="hidden">
+<h6 id="Playable_code2">Playable code2</h6>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;h2&gt;Input&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;textarea id="code" class="input"&gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A link to my favourite website.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Output&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;div class="output"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;div class="controls"&gt;
+  &lt;input id="reset" type="button" value="Reset" /&gt;
+  &lt;input id="solution" type="button" value="Show solution" /&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+</pre>
+
+<pre class="brush: css">body {
+  font-family: 'Open Sans Light',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
+}
+
+.input, .output {
+  width: 90%;
+  height: 2em;
+  padding: 10px;
+  border: 1px solid #0095dd;
+}
+
+button {
+  padding: 10px 10px 10px 0;
+}
+</pre>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">var textarea = document.getElementById("code");
+var reset = document.getElementById("reset");
+var code = textarea.value;
+var output = document.querySelector(".output");
+var solution = document.getElementById("solution");
+
+function drawOutput() {
+  output.innerHTML = textarea.value;
+}
+
+reset.addEventListener("click", function() {
+  textarea.value = code;
+  drawOutput();
+});
+
+solution.addEventListener("click", function() {
+  textarea.value = '&lt;p&gt;A link to my &lt;a href="<code>https://www.mozilla.org/</code>" title="The Mozilla homepage" target="_blank"&gt;favourite website&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;';
+  drawOutput();
+});
+
+textarea.addEventListener("input", drawOutput);
+window.addEventListener("load", drawOutput);
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Playable_code2', 700, 300) }}</p>
+
+<h3 id="Atributos_de_booliano">Atributos de booliano</h3>
+
+<p>You'll sometimes see attributes written without values — this is perfectly allowed. These are called boolean attributes, and they can only have one value, which is generally the same as the attribute name. As an example, take the {{htmlattrxref("disabled", "input")}} attribute, which you can assign to form input elements if you want them to be disabled (greyed out) so the user can't enter any data in them.</p>
+
+<pre>&lt;input type="text" disabled="disabled"&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>As shorthand, it is perfectly allowable to write this as follows (we've also included a non-disabled form input element for reference, to give you more of an idea what is going on):</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;input type="text" disabled&gt;
+
+&lt;input type="text"&gt;
+</pre>
+
+<p>Both will give you an output as follows:</p>
+
+<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Boolean_attributes', 700, 100) }}</p>
+
+<h3 id="Omitir_aspas_em_volta_de_valores_de_atributo">Omitir aspas em volta de valores de atributo</h3>
+
+<p>When you look around the World Wide Web, you'll come across all kind of strange markup styles, including attribute values without quotes. This is allowable in certain circumstances, but will break your markup in others. For example, if we revisit our link example from earlier, we could write a basic version with only the <code>href</code> attribute, like this:</p>
+
+<pre>&lt;a href=<code>https://www.mozilla.org/</code>&gt;favourite website&lt;/a&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>However, as soon as we add the <code>title</code> attribute in this style, things will go wrong:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;a href=<code>https://www.mozilla.org/</code> title=The Mozilla homepage&gt;favourite website&lt;/a&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>At this point the browser will misinterpret your markup, thinking that the <code>title</code> attribute is actually three attributes — a title attribute with the value "The", and two boolean attributes, <code>Mozilla</code> and <code>homepage</code>. This is obviously not what was intended, and will cause errors or unexpected behaviour in the code, as seen in the live example below. Try hovering over the link to see what the title text is!</p>
+
+<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Omitting_quotes_around_attribute_values', 700, 100) }}</p>
+
+<p>Our advice is to always include the attribute quotes — it avoids such problems, and results in more readable code too.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Aspas_simples_ou_duplas">Aspas simples ou duplas?</h3>
+
+<p>In this article you'll notice that the attributes are all wrapped in double quotes. You might however see single quotes in some people's HTML. This is purely a matter of style, and you can feel free to choose which one you prefer. Both the following lines are equivalent:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;a href="http://www.example.com"&gt;A link to my example.&lt;/a&gt;
+
+&lt;a href='http://www.example.com'&gt;A link to my example.&lt;/a&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>You should however make sure you don't mix them together. The following will go wrong!</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;a href="http://www.example.com'&gt;A link to my example.&lt;/a&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>If you've used one type of quote in your HTML, you can include the other type of quote without causing any problems:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;a href="http://www.example.com" title="Isn't this fun?"&gt;A link to my example.&lt;/a&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>However if you want to include a quote within the quotes where both the quotes are of the same type(single quote or double quote), you'll have to <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Getting_started#Entity_references_including_special_characters_in_HTML">use HTML entities</a> for the quotes.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Anatomia_de_uma_documento_HTML">Anatomia de uma documento HTML</h2>
+
+<p>That wraps up the basics of individual HTML elements, but they aren't very useful on their own. Now we'll look at how individual elements are combined to form an entire HTML page:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;
+&lt;html&gt;
+  &lt;head&gt;
+    &lt;meta charset="utf-8"&gt;
+    &lt;title&gt;My test page&lt;/title&gt;
+  &lt;/head&gt;
+  &lt;body&gt;
+    &lt;p&gt;This is my page&lt;/p&gt;
+  &lt;/body&gt;
+&lt;/html&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>Here we have:</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li><code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</code>: The doctype. In the mists of time, when HTML was young (about 1991/2), doctypes were meant to act as links to a set of rules that the HTML page had to follow to be considered good HTML, which could mean automatic error checking and other useful things. They used to look something like this:
+
+  <pre>&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
+"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"&gt;</pre>
+  However, these days no one really cares about them, and they are really just a historical artifact that needs to be included for everything to work right. <code>&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;</code> is the shortest string of characters that counts as a valid doctype; that's all you really need to know.</li>
+ <li><code>&lt;html&gt;&lt;/html&gt;</code>: The {{htmlelement("html")}} element. This element wraps all the content on the entire page, and is sometimes known as the root element.</li>
+ <li><code>&lt;head&gt;&lt;/head&gt;</code>: The {{htmlelement("head")}} element. This element acts as a container for all the stuff you want to include on the HTML page that <em>isn't</em> the content you are showing to your page's viewers. This includes things like keywords and a page description that you want to appear in search results, CSS to style our content, character set declarations, and more. You'll learn more about this in the next article in the series.</li>
+ <li><code>&lt;meta charset="utf-8"&gt;</code>: This element sets the character set your document should use to UTF-8, which includes most characters from the vast majority of human written languages. Essentially it can now handle any textual content you might put on it. There is no reason not to set this, and it can help avoid some problems later on.</li>
+ <li><code>&lt;title&gt;&lt;/title&gt;</code>: The {{htmlelement("title")}} element. This sets the title of your page, which is the title that appears in the browser tab the page is loaded in, and is used to describe the page when you bookmark/favourite it.</li>
+ <li><code>&lt;body&gt;&lt;/body&gt;</code>: The {{htmlelement("body")}} element. This contains <em>all</em> the content that you want to show to web users when they visit your page, whether that's text, images, videos, games, playable audio tracks, or whatever else.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<h3 id="Aprendizagem_ativa_Adicionar_alguns_recursos_a_um_documento_HTML">Aprendizagem ativa: Adicionar alguns recursos a um documento HTML</h3>
+
+<p>If you want to experiment with writing some HTML on your local computer, you can:</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li>Copy the HTML page example listed above.</li>
+ <li>Create a new file in your text editor.</li>
+ <li>Paste the code into the new text file.</li>
+ <li>Save the file as <code>index.html</code>.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p><strong>Nota</strong>: You can also find this basic HTML template on the <a href="https://github.com/mdn/learning-area/blob/master/html/introduction-to-html/getting-started/index.html">MDN Learning Area Github repo</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>You can now open this file in a web browser to see what the rendered code looks like, and then edit the code and refresh the browser to see what the result is. Initially it will look like this:</p>
+
+<p><img alt="A simple HTML page that says This is my page" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/12279/template-screenshot.png" style="display: block; height: 365px; margin: 0px auto; width: 595px;">So in this exercise, you can edit the code locally on your computer, as outlined above, or you can edit it in the editable sample window below (the editable sample window represents just the contents of the {{htmlelement("body")}} element, in this case.) We'd like you to have a go at implementing the following steps:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Just below the opening tag of the {{htmlelement("body")}} element, add a main title for the document. This should be wrapped inside an <code>&lt;h1&gt;</code> opening tag and <code>&lt;/h1&gt;</code> closing tag.</li>
+ <li>Edit the paragraph content to include some text about something you are interested in.</li>
+ <li>Make any important words stand out in bold by wrapping them inside a <code>&lt;strong&gt;</code> opening tag and <code>&lt;/strong&gt;</code> closing tag</li>
+ <li>Add a link to your paragraph, as <a href="/en-US/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Getting_started#Active_learning_Adding_attributes_to_an_element">explained earlier in the article</a>.</li>
+ <li>Add an image to your document, below the paragraph, as <a href="/en-US/Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/Getting_started#Empty_elements">explained earlier in the article</a>. You'll get bonus points if you manage to link to a different image (either locally on your computer, or somewhere else on the web.)</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>If you make a mistake, you can always reset it using the <em>Reset</em> button. If you get really stuck, press the <em>Show solution</em> button to see the answer.</p>
+
+<div class="hidden">
+<h6 id="Playable_code3">Playable code3</h6>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;h2&gt;Input&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;textarea id="code" class="input"&gt;
+&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This is my page&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&lt;/textarea&gt;
+&lt;h2&gt;Output&lt;/h2&gt;
+&lt;div class="output"&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;div class="controls"&gt;
+  &lt;input id="reset" type="button" value="Reset" /&gt;
+  &lt;input id="solution" type="button" value="Show solution" /&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+</pre>
+
+<pre class="brush: css">body {
+  font-family: 'Open Sans Light',Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;
+}
+
+.input, .output {
+  width: 90%;
+  height: 10em;
+  padding: 10px;
+  border: 1px solid #0095dd;
+}
+
+img {
+  max-width: 100%;
+}
+
+.output {
+  overflow: auto;
+}
+
+button {
+  padding: 10px 10px 10px 0;
+}
+</pre>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">var textarea = document.getElementById("code");
+var reset = document.getElementById("reset");
+var code = textarea.value;
+var output = document.querySelector(".output");
+var solution = document.getElementById("solution");
+
+function drawOutput() {
+  output.innerHTML = textarea.value;
+}
+
+reset.addEventListener("click", function() {
+  textarea.value = code;
+  drawOutput();
+});
+
+solution.addEventListener("click", function() {
+  textarea.value = '&lt;p&gt;I really enjoy &lt;strong&gt;playing the drums&lt;/strong&gt;. One of my favourite drummers is Neal Peart, who\
+ plays in the band &lt;a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rush_%28band%29" title="Rush Wikipedia article"&gt;Rush&lt;/a&gt;.\
+ My favourite Rush album is currently &lt;a href="http://www.deezer.com/album/942295"&gt;Moving Pictures&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;\
+&lt;img src="http://www.cygnus-x1.net/links/rush/images/albums/sectors/sector2-movingpictures-cover-s.jpg"&gt;';
+  drawOutput();
+});
+
+textarea.addEventListener("input", drawOutput);
+window.addEventListener("load", drawOutput);
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Playable_code3', 700, 600) }}</p>
+
+<h3 id="Espaço_em_branco_em_HTML">Espaço em branco em HTML</h3>
+
+<p>In the above examples you may have noticed that a lot of whitespace is included in the code listings — this is not necessary at all; the two following code snippets are equivalent:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;p&gt;Dogs are silly.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;Dogs        are
+         silly.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>No matter how much whitespace you use (which can include space characters, but also line breaks), the HTML parser reduces each one down to a single space when rendering the code. So why use so much whitespace? The answer is readability — it is so much easier to understand what is going on in your code if you have it nicely formatted, and not just bunched up together in a big mess. In our HTML we've got each nested element indented by two spaces more than the one it is sitting inside. It is up to you what style of formatting you use (how many spaces for each level of indentation, for example), but you should consider using some kind of formatting.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Referências_de_entidade_incluindo_carateres_especiais_em_HTML">Referências de entidade: incluindo carateres especiais em HTML</h2>
+
+<p>In HTML, the characters <code>&lt;</code>, <code>&gt;</code>,<code>"</code>,<code>'</code> and <code>&amp;</code> are special characters. They are parts of the HTML syntax itself, so how do you include one of these characters in your text, for example if you really want to use an ampersand or less than sign, and not have it interpreted as code as some browsers may do?</p>
+
+<p>We have to use character references — special codes that represent characters, and can be used in these exact circumstances. Each character reference is started with an ampersand (&amp;), and ended by a semi-colon (;).</p>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <thead>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="col">Caráter literal</th>
+   <th scope="col">Referência de caráter equivalente</th>
+  </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <td>&lt;</td>
+   <td>&amp;lt;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>&gt;</td>
+   <td>&amp;gt;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>"</td>
+   <td>&amp;quot;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>'</td>
+   <td>&amp;apos;</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>&amp;</td>
+   <td>&amp;amp;</td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>In the below example, you can see two paragraphs, which are talking about web technologies:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;p&gt;In HTML, you define a paragraph using the &lt;p&gt; element.&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;In HTML, you define a paragraph using the &amp;lt;p&amp;gt; element.&lt;/p&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>In the live output below, you can see that the first paragraph has gone wrong, because the browser thinks that the second instance of <code>&lt;p&gt;</code> is starting a new paragraph. The second paragraph looks fine, because we have replaced the angle brackets with character references.</p>
+
+<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Entity_references_including_special_characters_in_HTML', 700, 200) }}</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p><strong>Nota</strong>: A chart of all the available HTML character entity references can be found on Wikipedia: <a class="external text" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references" rel="nofollow">List of XML and HTML character entity references</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h2 id="Comentários_de_HTML">Comentários de HTML</h2>
+
+<p>In HTML, as with most programming languages, there is a mechanism available to write comments in the code — comments are ignored by the browser and invisible to the user, and their purpose is to allow you to include comments in the code to say how your code works, what the different parts of the code do, etc. This can be very useful if you return to a code base that you've not worked on for six months, and can't remember what you did — or if you hand your code over to someone else to work on.</p>
+
+<p>To turn a section of content inside your HTML file into a comment, you need to wrap it in the special markers <code>&lt;!--</code> and <code>--&gt;</code>, for example:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;p&gt;I'm not inside a comment&lt;/p&gt;
+
+&lt;!-- &lt;p&gt;I am!&lt;/p&gt; --&gt;</pre>
+
+<p>As you can see below, the first paragraph appears in the live output, but the second one doesn't.</p>
+
+<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('HTML_comments', 700, 100) }}</p>
+
+<h2 id="Resumo">Resumo</h2>
+
+<p>You've reached the end of the article — we hope you enjoyed your tour of the very basics of HTML! At this point you should understand what the language looks like, how it works at a basic level, and be able to write a few elements and attributes. This is a perfect place to be right now, as in subsequent articles in the module we will go into some of the things you have already looked at in a lot more detail, and introduce some new features of the language. Stay tuned!</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p><strong>Note</strong>: At this point, as you start to learn more about HTML, you might also want to start to explore the basics of Cascading Style Sheets, or <a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS">CSS</a>. CSS is the language you use to style your web pages (whether e.g. changing the font or colors, or altering the page layout). HTML and CSS go very well together, as you'll soon discover.</p>
+</div>
+
+<h2 id="Consulte_também">Consulte também</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/pt-PT/docs/Web/HTML/Aplicar_cor__elementos_HTML_utilizando_CSS">Aplicar cor aos elementos de HTML utilizando CSS</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<div>{{NextMenu("Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML/The_head_metadata_in_HTML", "Learn/HTML/Introduction_to_HTML")}}</div>
+
+<div id="SL_balloon_obj" style="display: block;">
+<div class="SL_ImTranslatorLogo" id="SL_button" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%; opacity: 0; display: block; left: -8px; top: -25px; transition: visibility 2s ease 0s, opacity 2s linear 0s;"> </div>
+
+<div id="SL_shadow_translation_result2" style="display: none;"> </div>
+
+<div id="SL_shadow_translator" style="display: none;">
+<div id="SL_planshet">
+<div id="SL_arrow_up" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </div>
+
+<div id="SL_Bproviders">
+<div class="SL_BL_LABLE_ON" id="SL_P0" title="Google">G</div>
+
+<div class="SL_BL_LABLE_ON" id="SL_P1" title="Microsoft">M</div>
+
+<div class="SL_BL_LABLE_ON" id="SL_P2" title="Translator">T</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="SL_alert_bbl" style="display: none;">
+<div id="SLHKclose" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </div>
+
+<div id="SL_alert_cont"> </div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="SL_TB">
+<table id="SL_tables">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <td class="SL_td"><input></td>
+   <td class="SL_td"><select><option value="auto">Detectar idioma</option><option value="af">Africâner</option><option value="sq">Albanês</option><option value="de">Alemão</option><option value="ar">Arabe</option><option value="hy">Armênio</option><option value="az">Azerbaijano</option><option value="eu">Basco</option><option value="bn">Bengali</option><option value="be">Bielo-russo</option><option value="my">Birmanês</option><option value="bs">Bósnio</option><option value="bg">Búlgaro</option><option value="ca">Catalão</option><option value="kk">Cazaque</option><option value="ceb">Cebuano</option><option value="ny">Chichewa</option><option value="zh-CN">Chinês (Simp)</option><option value="zh-TW">Chinês (Trad)</option><option value="si">Cingalês</option><option value="ko">Coreano</option><option value="ht">Crioulo haitiano</option><option value="hr">Croata</option><option value="da">Dinamarquês</option><option value="sk">Eslovaco</option><option value="sl">Esloveno</option><option value="es">Espanhol</option><option value="eo">Esperanto</option><option value="et">Estoniano</option><option value="fi">Finlandês</option><option value="fr">Francês</option><option value="gl">Galego</option><option value="cy">Galês</option><option value="ka">Georgiano</option><option value="el">Grego</option><option value="gu">Gujarati</option><option value="ha">Hauça</option><option value="iw">Hebraico</option><option value="hi">Hindi</option><option value="hmn">Hmong</option><option value="nl">Holandês</option><option value="hu">Húngaro</option><option value="ig">Igbo</option><option value="id">Indonésio</option><option value="en">Inglês</option><option value="yo">Ioruba</option><option value="ga">Irlandês</option><option value="is">Islandês</option><option value="it">Italiano</option><option value="ja">Japonês</option><option value="jw">Javanês</option><option value="kn">Kannada</option><option value="km">Khmer</option><option value="lo">Laosiano</option><option value="la">Latim</option><option value="lv">Letão</option><option value="lt">Lituano</option><option value="mk">Macedônico</option><option value="ml">Malaiala</option><option value="ms">Malaio</option><option value="mg">Malgaxe</option><option value="mt">Maltês</option><option value="mi">Maori</option><option value="mr">Marathi</option><option value="mn">Mongol</option><option value="ne">Nepalês</option><option value="no">Norueguês</option><option value="fa">Persa</option><option value="pl">Polonês</option><option value="pt">Português</option><option value="pa">Punjabi</option><option value="ro">Romeno</option><option value="ru">Russo</option><option value="sr">Sérvio</option><option value="st">Sesotho</option><option value="so">Somália</option><option value="sw">Suaíli</option><option value="su">Sudanês</option><option value="sv">Sueco</option><option value="tg">Tadjique</option><option value="tl">Tagalo</option><option value="th">Tailandês</option><option value="ta">Tâmil</option><option value="cs">Tcheco</option><option value="te">Telugo</option><option value="tr">Turco</option><option value="uk">Ucraniano</option><option value="ur">Urdu</option><option value="uz">Uzbeque</option><option value="vi">Vietnamita</option><option value="yi">Yiddish</option><option value="zu">Zulu</option></select></td>
+   <td class="SL_td">
+    <div id="SL_switch_b" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;" title="Alternar Idiomas"> </div>
+   </td>
+   <td class="SL_td"><select><option value="af">Africâner</option><option value="sq">Albanês</option><option value="de">Alemão</option><option value="ar">Arabe</option><option value="hy">Armênio</option><option value="az">Azerbaijano</option><option value="eu">Basco</option><option value="bn">Bengali</option><option value="be">Bielo-russo</option><option value="my">Birmanês</option><option value="bs">Bósnio</option><option value="bg">Búlgaro</option><option value="ca">Catalão</option><option value="kk">Cazaque</option><option value="ceb">Cebuano</option><option value="ny">Chichewa</option><option value="zh-CN">Chinês (Simp)</option><option value="zh-TW">Chinês (Trad)</option><option value="si">Cingalês</option><option value="ko">Coreano</option><option value="ht">Crioulo haitiano</option><option value="hr">Croata</option><option value="da">Dinamarquês</option><option value="sk">Eslovaco</option><option value="sl">Esloveno</option><option value="es">Espanhol</option><option value="eo">Esperanto</option><option value="et">Estoniano</option><option value="fi">Finlandês</option><option value="fr">Francês</option><option value="gl">Galego</option><option value="cy">Galês</option><option value="ka">Georgiano</option><option value="el">Grego</option><option value="gu">Gujarati</option><option value="ha">Hauça</option><option value="iw">Hebraico</option><option value="hi">Hindi</option><option value="hmn">Hmong</option><option value="nl">Holandês</option><option value="hu">Húngaro</option><option value="ig">Igbo</option><option value="id">Indonésio</option><option selected value="en">Inglês</option><option value="yo">Ioruba</option><option value="ga">Irlandês</option><option value="is">Islandês</option><option value="it">Italiano</option><option value="ja">Japonês</option><option value="jw">Javanês</option><option value="kn">Kannada</option><option value="km">Khmer</option><option value="lo">Laosiano</option><option value="la">Latim</option><option value="lv">Letão</option><option value="lt">Lituano</option><option value="mk">Macedônico</option><option value="ml">Malaiala</option><option value="ms">Malaio</option><option value="mg">Malgaxe</option><option value="mt">Maltês</option><option value="mi">Maori</option><option value="mr">Marathi</option><option value="mn">Mongol</option><option value="ne">Nepalês</option><option value="no">Norueguês</option><option value="fa">Persa</option><option value="pl">Polonês</option><option value="pt">Português</option><option value="pa">Punjabi</option><option value="ro">Romeno</option><option value="ru">Russo</option><option value="sr">Sérvio</option><option value="st">Sesotho</option><option value="so">Somália</option><option value="sw">Suaíli</option><option value="su">Sudanês</option><option value="sv">Sueco</option><option value="tg">Tadjique</option><option value="tl">Tagalo</option><option value="th">Tailandês</option><option value="ta">Tâmil</option><option value="cs">Tcheco</option><option value="te">Telugo</option><option value="tr">Turco</option><option value="uk">Ucraniano</option><option value="ur">Urdu</option><option value="uz">Uzbeque</option><option value="vi">Vietnamita</option><option value="yi">Yiddish</option><option value="zu">Zulu</option></select></td>
+   <td class="SL_td">
+    <div id="SL_TTS_voice" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;" title="Ouça"> </div>
+   </td>
+   <td class="SL_td">
+    <div class="SL_copy" id="SL_copy" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;" title="Copiar"> </div>
+   </td>
+   <td class="SL_td">
+    <div id="SL_bbl_font_patch"> </div>
+
+    <div class="SL_bbl_font" id="SL_bbl_font" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;" title="Tamanho da fonte"> </div>
+   </td>
+   <td class="SL_td">
+    <div id="SL_bbl_help" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;" title="Ajuda"> </div>
+   </td>
+   <td class="SL_td">
+    <div class="SL_pin_off" id="SL_pin" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;" title="Fixar a janela de pop-up"> </div>
+   </td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div id="SL_shadow_translation_result"> </div>
+
+<div class="SL_loading" id="SL_loading" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </div>
+
+<div id="SL_player2"> </div>
+
+<div id="SL_alert100">A função de fala é limitada a 200 caracteres</div>
+
+<div id="SL_Balloon_options" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;">
+<div id="SL_arrow_down" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;"> </div>
+
+<table id="SL_tbl_opt" style="width: 100%;">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <td><input></td>
+   <td>
+    <div id="SL_BBL_IMG" style="background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)  repeat scroll 0% 0%;" title="Mostrar o botão do ImTranslator 3 segundos"> </div>
+   </td>
+   <td><a class="SL_options" title="Mostrar opções">Opções</a> : <a class="SL_options" title="Histórico de tradução">Histórico</a> : <a class="SL_options" title="Comentários">Comentários</a> : <a class="SL_options" href="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&amp;hosted_button_id=GD9D8CPW8HFA2" title="Faça sua contribuição">Donate</a></td>
+   <td><span id="SL_Balloon_Close" title="Encerrar">Encerrar</span></td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+</div>
+</div>