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authorPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
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+---
+title: Function(函数)
+slug: Glossary/Function
+tags:
+ - IIFE
+ - 函数
+ - 术语
+translation_of: Glossary/Function
+---
+<p><strong>function</strong>,<strong>函数</strong>,是一个可以被其他代码或其自身调用的代码片段,或者是一个指向该函数的{{Glossary("variable", "变量")}} 。 当函数被调用时,{{Glossary("Argument", "参数")}}被作为输入传递给函数,并且函数可以返回输出。在 {{glossary("JavaScript")}} 中,函数也是一个{{glossary("object", "对象")}}。</p>
+
+<p>函数名是作为函数声明或函数表达式的一部分声明的{{Glossary("identifier", "标识符")}}。函数的{{Glossary("scope", "作用域")}}取决于函数名是一个声明还是表达式。</p>
+
+<h3 id="不同类型的函数">不同类型的函数</h3>
+
+<p><strong>匿名函数</strong>是一个没有函数名的函数:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function () {};
+// or using the ECMAScript 2015 arrow notation
+() =&gt; {};
+</pre>
+
+<p><strong>命名函数</strong>是具有函数名称的函数:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function foo() {}
+// or using the ECMAScript 2015 arrow notation
+const foo = () =&gt; {};
+</pre>
+
+<p><strong>内部函数</strong>是另一个函数内的函数(下面例子中的 <code>square</code>)。外部函数是包含一个函数的函数(下面例子中的 <code>addSquares</code>):</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function addSquares(a,b) {
+ function square(x) {
+ return x * x;
+ }
+ return square(a) + square(b);
+};
+//Using ECMAScript 2015 arrow notation
+const addSquares = (a,b) =&gt; {
+ const square = x =&gt; x*x;
+ return square(a) + square(b);
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p><strong>递归函数</strong>是调用自身的函数。可参考{{Glossary("Recursion", "递归")}}。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function loop(x) {
+ if (x &gt;= 10)
+ return;
+ loop(x + 1);
+};
+//Using ECMAScript 2015 arrow notation
+const loop = x =&gt; {
+ if (x &gt;= 10)
+ return;
+ loop(x + 1);
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p><strong><code>立即调用函数表达式</code></strong>({{glossary("IIFE")}})是一种被加载到浏览器的编译器之后直接调用的函数。识别 IIFE 的方法是通过在函数声明的末尾定位额外的左和右括号。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">// Error (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immediately-invoked_function_expression)
+/*
+​function foo() {
+ console.log('Hello Foo');
+}();
+*/
+
+(function foo() {
+ console.log("Hello Foo");
+}());
+
+(function food() {
+ console.log("Hello Food");
+})();
+
+</pre>
+
+<p>如果你想进一步了解 IIFE, 可参考以下的维基百科的页面:<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immediately-invoked_function_expression">Immediately Invoked Function Expression</a></p>
+
+<h2 id="了解更多">了解更多</h2>
+
+<h3 id="技术参考">技术参考</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Functions" title="en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Functions">Functions</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Arrow_functions">Arrow Functions</a></li>
+</ul>