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authorPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
committerPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
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+---
+title: Element.closest()
+slug: Web/API/Element/closest
+tags:
+ - API
+ - DOM
+ - Element
+ - Method
+ - Reference
+translation_of: Web/API/Element/closest
+---
+<div>
+<p>{{APIRef('Shadow DOM')}}</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><code><strong>Element.closest()</strong></code> 方法用来获取:匹配特定选择器且离当前元素最近的祖先元素(也可以是当前元素本身)。如果匹配不到,则返回 <code>null</code>。</p>
+
+<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox">var <var>closestElement</var><em> = </em><var>targetElement</var>.closest(<em>selectors</em>);
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><em>selectors</em> 是指定的选择器,比如 <code>"p:hover, .toto + q"</code>。</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><em>elt</em> 是查询到的祖先元素,也可能是 <code>null</code>。</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3 id="异常">异常</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>如果传入的选择器不合法,则抛出 {{exception("SyntaxError")}} 异常。</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
+
+<h3 id="HTML">HTML</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;article&gt;
+ &lt;div id="div-01"&gt;Here is div-01
+ &lt;div id="div-02"&gt;Here is div-02
+ &lt;div id="div-03"&gt;Here is div-03&lt;/div&gt;
+ &lt;/div&gt;
+ &lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;/article&gt;</pre>
+
+<h3 id="JavaScript">JavaScript</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">var el = document.getElementById('div-03');
+
+var r1 = el.closest("#div-02");
+// 返回 id 为 div-02 的那个元素
+
+var r2 = el.closest("div div");
+// 返回最近的拥有 div 祖先元素的 div 祖先元素,这里的话就是 div-03 元素本身
+
+var r3 = el.closest("article &gt; div");
+// 返回最近的拥有父元素 article 的 div 祖先元素,这里的话就是 div-01
+
+var r4 = el.closest(":not(div)");
+// 返回最近的非 div 的祖先元素,这里的话就是最外层的 article</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Polyfill" name="Polyfill">兼容</h2>
+
+<p>部分浏览器并不支持<code>Element.closest()</code>,但却支持了<code>element.matches()</code>(或拥有私有前缀,如IE9+),一个polyfill案例:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">if (!Element.prototype.matches)
+ Element.prototype.matches = Element.prototype.msMatchesSelector ||
+ Element.prototype.webkitMatchesSelector;
+
+if (!Element.prototype.closest)
+ Element.prototype.closest = function(s) {
+ var el = this;
+ if (!document.documentElement.contains(el)) return null;
+ do {
+ if (el.matches(s)) return el;
+ el = el.parentElement;
+ } while (el !== null);
+ return null;
+ };</pre>
+
+<p>然而,如果你需要兼容到IE8,那么随后这个polyfill将会非常缓慢地运行到结束。并且,IE8只支持CSS2.1的选择器,并且使网页运行非常缓慢。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">if (window.Element &amp;&amp; !Element.prototype.closest) {
+ Element.prototype.closest =
+ function(s) {
+ var matches = (this.document || this.ownerDocument).querySelectorAll(s),
+ i,
+ el = this;
+ do {
+ i = matches.length;
+ while (--i &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; matches.item(i) !== el) {};
+ } while ((i &lt; 0) &amp;&amp; (el = el.parentElement));
+ return el;
+ };
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Specification" name="Specification">规范</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+ <th scope="col">Status</th>
+ <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('DOM WHATWG', '#dom-element-closest', 'Element.closest()')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('DOM WHATWG')}}</td>
+ <td>Initial definition.</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="Browser_compatibility" name="Browser_compatibility">浏览器兼容性</h2>
+
+<p>{{Compat("api.Element.closest")}}</p>
+
+<h3 id="兼容性说明">兼容性说明</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>当在 Edge 15-18 里使用 <code>document.createElement(tagName).closest(tagName)</code> ,如果元素不是第一个(直接地或间接地)连接到上下文对象的话将会返回 <code>null</code> ,例如在一般情况下 DOM 中的 <code><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document" title="The Document interface represents any web page loaded in the browser and serves as an entry point into the web page's content, which is the DOM tree.">Document</a></code> 对象。</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{domxref("Element")}} 接口.</li>
+ <li>
+ <div class="syntaxbox"><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/Guide/CSS/Getting_started/Selectors">选择器语法</a></div>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <div class="syntaxbox">其他相关选择器方法: {{domxref("element.querySelector()")}} and {{domxref("element.matches()")}}.</div>
+ </li>
+</ul>