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authorPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
committerPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
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+---
+title: Element.getElementsByClassName()
+slug: Web/API/Element/getElementsByClassName
+translation_of: Web/API/Element/getElementsByClassName
+---
+<p>{{APIRef}}</p>
+<p><strong><code>Element.getElementsByClassName()</code></strong> 方法返回一个即时更新的(live) {{domxref("HTMLCollection")}},包含了所有拥有指定 class 的子元素。当在 document 对象上调用此方法时,会检索整个文档,包括根元素。</p>
+<p>相似地,{{domxref("Document.getElementsByClassName", "getElementsByClassName()")}} 方法会在整个文档上执行;它返回指定拥有指定 class 名称的 document 根节点的后代元素。</p>
+<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2>
+<pre class="syntaxbox"><var>var <em>elements</em></var> = <em>element</em>.getElementsByClassName(<em>names</em>);</pre>
+<ul>
+ <li><em><var>elements</var></em> 是一个即时更新的(live){{ domxref("HTMLCollection") }}。</li>
+ <li><em><var>names</var></em> 是一个字符串,表示要匹配的类名(class names)列表;类名被空白符分隔。</li>
+ <li><em>element</em> 是文档中的任一 {{domxref("Element")}}。</li>
+</ul>
+<h2 id="Examples" name="Examples">例子</h2>
+<p>获取所有包含class名称为 test 的元素:</p>
+<pre class="brush: js">element.getElementsByClassName('test');</pre>
+<p>获取所有包含 <code>red</code> 和 <code>test</code> class名的元素:</p>
+<pre class="brush: js">element.getElementsByClassName('red test');</pre>
+<p>获取 <code>id</code> 为 <code>main</code> 的元素的所有包含一个 <code>test</code> class名的后代元素:</p>
+<pre class="brush: js">document.getElementById('main').getElementsByClassName('test');</pre>
+<p>可以在任何 {{domxref("HTMLCollection")}} 上面使用 {{jsxref("Array.prototype")}} 的方法,要把 <code>HTMLCollection</code> 作为该方法的上下文对象(this)。下例,查找类名为 <code>test</code> 的元素中的所有 {{HTMLElement("div")}} 元素:</p>
+<pre class="brush: js">var testElements = document.getElementsByClassName('test');
+var testDivs = Array.prototype.filter.call(testElements, function(testElement){
+ return testElement.nodeName === 'div';
+});</pre>
+<h2 id="Browser_Compatibility" name="Browser_Compatibility">规范</h2>
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+ <th scope="col">Status</th>
+ <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('DOM WHATWG', '#dom-element-getelementsbyclassname', 'Element.getElementsByClassName()')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('DOM WHATWG')}}</td>
+ <td>Initial definition</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
+<p>{{ CompatibilityTable() }}</p>
+<div id="compat-desktop">
+ <table class="compat-table">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th>Feature</th>
+ <th>Chrome</th>
+ <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
+ <th>Internet Explorer</th>
+ <th>Opera</th>
+ <th>Safari</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Basic support</td>
+ <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+ <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }} [1]</td>
+ <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+ <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+ <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+ </table>
+</div>
+<div id="compat-mobile">
+ <table class="compat-table">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th>Feature</th>
+ <th>Android</th>
+ <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
+ <th>IE Mobile</th>
+ <th>Opera Mobile</th>
+ <th>Safari Mobile</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>Basic support</td>
+ <td>{{ CompatUnknown() }}</td>
+ <td>{{ CompatUnknown() }} [1]</td>
+ <td>{{ CompatUnknown() }}</td>
+ <td>{{ CompatUnknown() }}</td>
+ <td>{{ CompatUnknown() }}</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+ </table>
+</div>
+<p>[1] Prior to Firefox 19, this method was returning a {{domxref("NodeList")}}; it was then changed to reflects the change in the spec.</p>