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authorPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
committerPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
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+---
+title: XMLHttpRequest.send()
+slug: Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/send
+tags:
+ - AJAX
+ - API
+ - HTTP request
+ - Method
+ - XHR
+ - XMLHttpRequest
+ - send
+translation_of: Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/send
+---
+<p>{{APIRef('XMLHttpRequest')}}</p>
+
+<p><code><strong>XMLHttpRequest.send()</strong></code> 方法用于发送 HTTP 请求。如果是异步请求(默认为异步请求),则此方法会在请求发送后立即返回;如果是同步请求,则此方法直到响应到达后才会返回。<font face="Consolas, Liberation Mono, Courier, monospace">XMLHttpRequest.send() 方法接受一个可选的参数,其作为请求主体;如果请求方法是 GET 或者 HEAD,则应将请求主体设置为 null。</font></p>
+
+<p>如果没有使用 {{domxref("XMLHttpRequest.setRequestHeader", "setRequestHeader()")}} 方法设置 {{HTTPHeader("Accept")}} 头部信息,则会发送带有 <code>"* / *"</code> 的{{HTTPHeader("Accept")}} 头部。</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+<p><strong>Note:</strong> 请注意不要使用一个简单的AarryBuffer对象作为参数,ArrayBuffer已经不再是ajax规范的一部分,请改用ArrayBufferView(有关信息请参考兼容性列表。)</p>
+</div>
+
+<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
+
+<pre class="notranslate"><var>XMLHttpRequest</var>.send(<var>body</var>)</pre>
+
+<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><code>body</code> {{optional_inline}}</dt>
+ <dd>在XHR请求中要发送的数据体. 可以是:
+ <ul>
+ <li>可以为 {{domxref("Document")}}, 在这种情况下,它在发送之前被序列化.</li>
+ <li>为 <code>XMLHttpRequestBodyInit</code>, 从 <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#typedefdef-xmlhttprequestbodyinit">per the Fetch spec</a> (规范中)可以是 {{domxref("Blob")}}, {{domxref("BufferSource")}}, {{domxref("FormData")}}, {{domxref("URLSearchParams")}}, 或者 {{domxref("USVString")}} 对象.</li>
+ <li><code>null</code></li>
+ </ul>
+ 如果body没有指定值,则默认值为 <code>null</code> .</dd>
+ <dt>
+ <h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
+
+ <p><code>undefined</code>.</p>
+
+ <h3 id="例外"> 例外</h3>
+
+ <table>
+ <thead>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">Exception</th>
+ <th scope="col">Description</th>
+ </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>InvalidStateError</code></td>
+ <td><code>send()</code> has already been invoked for the request, and/or the request is complete.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>NetworkError</code></td>
+ <td>The resource type to be fetched is a Blob, and the method is not <code>GET</code>.</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+ </table>
+ </dt>
+</dl>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox notranslate">XMLHttpRequest.send();
+XMLHttpRequest.send(ArrayBuffer <var>data</var>);
+XMLHttpRequest.send(ArrayBufferView <var>data</var>);
+XMLHttpRequest.send(Blob <var>data</var>);
+XMLHttpRequest.send(Document <var>data</var>);
+XMLHttpRequest.send(DOMString? <var>data</var>);
+XMLHttpRequest.send(FormData <var>data</var>);
+</pre>
+
+<p>如果发送的数据是Document对象,需要在发送之前将其序列化。当发送一个Document对象时,Firefox 3之前的版本都是使用utf-8编码发送请求的;FireFox 3则使用由<code>body.xmlEncoding</code>指定的编码格式正确的发送文档,但如果未指定编码格式,则使用utf-8编码格式发送。</p>
+
+<p>如果是一个nsIInputStream接口,它必须与nsIUploadChannel的setUploadStream()方法兼容。在这种情况下,将 Content-Length的头部添加到请求中,它的值则使用nsIInputStream接口的available()方法获取。任何报头包括在数据流顶部的都会被当做报文主体。所以,应该在发送请求即调用send()方法之前使用<a class="internal" href="#setRequestHeader()"><code>setRequestHeader()</code></a> 方法设置 Content-Type头部来指定数据流的MIME类型。</p>
+
+<p>发送二进制内容的最佳方法(如上传文件)是使用一个与send()方法结合的 <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/ArrayBufferView">ArrayBufferView</a> 或者<a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Blob">Blobs</a></p>
+
+<h2 id="案例_GET">案例: GET</h2>
+
+<pre class="notranslate"><code>var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+xhr.open('GET', '/server', true);
+
+xhr.onload = function () {
+ // 请求结束后,在此处写处理代码
+};
+
+xhr.send(null);
+// xhr.send('string');
+</code>// <code>xhr.send(new Blob());
+// xhr.send(new Int8Array());
+// xhr.send({ form: 'data' });
+// xhr.send(document);</code>
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="案例_POST">案例: POST</h2>
+
+<pre class="notranslate"><code>var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
+xhr.open("POST", '/server', true);
+
+//发送合适的请求头信息
+xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
+
+xhr.onload = function () {
+ // 请求结束后,在此处写处理代码
+};
+xhr.send("foo=bar&amp;lorem=ipsum");
+// xhr.send('string');
+</code>// <code>xhr.send(new Blob());
+// xhr.send(new Int8Array());
+// xhr.send({ form: 'data' });
+// xhr.send(document);</code>
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">规范</th>
+ <th scope="col">状态</th>
+ <th scope="col">注解</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('XMLHttpRequest', '#the-send()-method', 'send()')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('XMLHttpRequest')}}</td>
+ <td>WHATWG living standard</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
+
+<div>{{CompatibilityTable}}</div>
+
+<div id="compat-desktop">
+<table class="compat-table">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th>特点</th>
+ <th>Chrome</th>
+ <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
+ <th>Internet Explorer</th>
+ <th>Opera</th>
+ <th>Safari (WebKit)</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>基本支持</td>
+ <td>{{CompatChrome(1)}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("1.0")}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatIe('5')}}<sup>[2]</sup><br>
+ {{CompatIe('7')}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatSafari('1.2')}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>send(ArrayBuffer)</code></td>
+ <td>{{CompatChrome(9)}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("9.0")}}<sup>[1]</sup></td>
+ <td>{{CompatIe('10')}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatOpera('11.60')}}</td>
+ <td>{{compatUnknown}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>send(ArrayBufferView)</code></td>
+ <td>{{CompatChrome(22)}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("20.0")}}</td>
+ <td>{{compatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{compatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{compatUnknown}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>send(Blob)</code></td>
+ <td>{{CompatChrome(7)}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("1.9.2")}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatIe('10')}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatOpera('12')}}</td>
+ <td>{{compatUnknown}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>send(FormData)</code></td>
+ <td>{{CompatChrome(6)}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("2.0")}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatIe('10')}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatOpera('12')}}</td>
+ <td>{{compatUnknown}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div id="compat-mobile">
+<table class="compat-table">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th>特点</th>
+ <th>Android</th>
+ <th>Chrome for Android</th>
+ <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
+ <th>IE Mobile</th>
+ <th>Opera Mobile</th>
+ <th>Safari Mobile</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>基本支持</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>1.0</td>
+ <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>send(ArrayBuffer)</code></td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{compatUnknown}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>send(ArrayBufferView)</code></td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{compatUnknown}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>send(Blob)</code></td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{compatUnknown}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td><code>send(FormData)</code></td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
+ <td>{{compatUnknown}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<p>[1] 发送一个简单的<code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/ArrayBuffer">ArrayBuffer</a></code>对象已不再是ajax规范一部分,也已经被弃用了。请使用 已被加入Gecko 20.0 {{geckoRelease("20.0")}}的<a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/ArrayBufferView"><code>ArrayBufferView</code></a></p>
+
+<p>[2] 由于 Internet Explorer 7实现了标准的XMLHttpRequest,此功能通过ActiveXObject()实现。</p>
+
+<h2 id="参见">参见</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/Using_XMLHttpRequest">Using XMLHttpRequest</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest/HTML_in_XMLHttpRequest">HTML in XMLHttpRequest</a></li>
+</ul>