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author | Peter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com> | 2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500 |
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committer | Peter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com> | 2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500 |
commit | 33058f2b292b3a581333bdfb21b8f671898c5060 (patch) | |
tree | 51c3e392513ec574331b2d3f85c394445ea803c6 /files/zh-cn/web/css/_colon_nth-child | |
parent | 8b66d724f7caf0157093fb09cfec8fbd0c6ad50a (diff) | |
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diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/css/_colon_nth-child/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/css/_colon_nth-child/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9cb7fddd6f --- /dev/null +++ b/files/zh-cn/web/css/_colon_nth-child/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,218 @@ +--- +title: ':nth-child' +slug: 'Web/CSS/:nth-child' +tags: + - ':nth-child' + - CSS + - CSS 伪类 +translation_of: 'Web/CSS/:nth-child' +--- +<div>{{CSSRef}}</div> + +<h2 id="Summary" name="Summary">概述</h2> + +<p><strong><code>:nth-child(an+b)</code></strong> 这个 <a href="/en-US/docs/CSS/Pseudo-classes">CSS 伪类</a>首先找到所有当前元素的兄弟元素,然后按照位置先后顺序从1开始排序,选择的结果为CSS伪类:nth-child括号中表达式(an+b)匹配到的元素集合(n=0,1,2,3...)。示例:</p> + +<ul> + <li><code>0n+3</code> 或简单的 <code>3</code> 匹配第三个元素。</li> + <li><code>1n+0</code> 或简单的 <code>n</code> 匹配每个元素。(兼容性提醒:在 Android 浏览器 4.3 以下的版本 <code>n</code> 和 <code>1n</code> 的匹配方式不一致。<code>1n</code> 和 <code>1n+0</code> 是一致的,可根据喜好任选其一来使用。)</li> + <li><code>2n+0</code> 或简单的 <code>2n</code> 匹配位置为 2、4、6、8...的元素(n=0时,2n+0=0,第0个元素不存在,因为是从1开始排序)。你可以使用关键字 <strong><code>even</code></strong> 来替换此表达式。</li> + <li><code>2n+1</code> 匹配位置为 1、3、5、7...的元素。你可以使用关键字 <strong><code>odd</code></strong> 来替换此表达式。</li> + <li><code>3n+4</code> 匹配位置为 4、7、10、13...的元素。</li> +</ul> + +<p><code><em>a</em></code> 和 <code><em>b</em></code> 都必须为整数,并且元素的第一个子元素的下标为 1。换言之就是,该伪类匹配所有下标在集合 { an + b; n = 0, 1, 2, ...} 中的子元素。另外需要特别注意的是,<code><em>an</em></code> 必须写在 <code><em>b</em></code> 的前面,不能写成 <code><em>b+an</em></code> 的形式。</p> + +<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2> + +<pre class="syntaxbox">{{csssyntax}} +</pre> + +<h2 id="示例">示例</h2> + +<h3 id="选择器示例">选择器示例</h3> + +<dl> + <dt><code>tr:nth-child(2n+1)</code></dt> + <dd>表示HTML表格中的奇数行。</dd> + <dt><code>tr:nth-child(odd)</code></dt> + <dd>表示HTML表格中的奇数行。</dd> + <dt><code>tr:nth-child(2n)</code></dt> + <dd>表示HTML表格中的偶数行。</dd> + <dt><code>tr:nth-child(even)</code></dt> + <dd>表示HTML表格中的偶数行。</dd> + <dt><code>span:nth-child(0n+1)</code></dt> + <dd>表示子元素中第一个且为span的元素,与 <span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #4d4e53; font-family: open sans,arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px;">{{Cssxref(":first-child")}} </span>选择器作用相同。</dd> + <dt><code>span:nth-child(1)</code></dt> + <dd>表示父元素中子元素为第一的并且名字为span的标签被选中</dd> + <dt><code>span:nth-child(-n+3)</code></dt> + <dd>匹配前三个子元素中的span元素。</dd> +</dl> + +<h3 id="Detailed_example">Detailed example</h3> + +<h4 id="HTML">HTML</h4> + +<pre class="brush:html"><h3><code>span:nth-child(2n+1)</code>, WITHOUT an + <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> among the child elements.</h3> +<p>Children 1, 3, 5, and 7 are selected.</p> +<div class="first"> + <span>Span 1!</span> + <span>Span 2</span> + <span>Span 3!</span> + <span>Span 4</span> + <span>Span 5!</span> + <span>Span 6</span> + <span>Span 7!</span> +</div> + +<br> + +<h3><code>span:nth-child(2n+1)</code>, WITH an + <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> among the child elements.</h3> +<p>Children 1, 5, and 7 are selected.<br> + 3 is used in the counting because it is a child, but it isn't + selected because it isn't a <code>&lt;span&gt;</code>.</p> +<div class="second"> + <span>Span!</span> + <span>Span</span> + <em>This is an `em`.</em> + <span>Span</span> + <span>Span!</span> + <span>Span</span> + <span>Span!</span> + <span>Span</span> +</div> + +<br> + +<h3><code>span:nth-of-type(2n+1)</code>, WITH an + <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> among the child elements.</h3> +<p>Children 1, 4, 6, and 8 are selected.<br> + 3 isn't used in the counting or selected because it is an <code>&lt;em&gt;</code>, + not a <code>&lt;span&gt;</code>, and <code>nth-of-type</code> only selects + children of that type. The <code>&lt;em&gt;</code> is completely skipped + over and ignored.</p> +<div class="third"> + <span>Span!</span> + <span>Span</span> + <em>This is an `em`.</em> + <span>Span!</span> + <span>Span</span> + <span>Span!</span> + <span>Span</span> + <span>Span!</span> +</div> +</pre> + +<h4 id="CSS">CSS</h4> + +<pre class="brush: css">html { + font-family: sans-serif; +} + +span, +div em { + padding: 5px; + border: 1px solid green; + display: inline-block; + margin-bottom: 3px; +} + +.first span:nth-child(2n+1), +.second span:nth-child(2n+1), +.third span:nth-of-type(2n+1) { + background-color: lime; +}</pre> + +<h4 id="最终效果:">最终效果:</h4> + +<p>{{EmbedLiveSample('Detailed_example', 550, 550)}}</p> + + + +<h2 id="规范">规范</h2> + +<table class="standard-table"> + <thead> + <tr> + <th scope="col">规范</th> + <th scope="col">状态</th> + <th scope="col">备注</th> + </tr> + </thead> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('CSS4 Selectors', '#nth-child-pseudo', ':nth-child')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('CSS4 Selectors')}}</td> + <td>未变化。</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('CSS3 Selectors', '#nth-child-pseudo', ':nth-child')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('CSS3 Selectors')}}</td> + <td>初始化定义。</td> + </tr> + </tbody> +</table> + +<h2 id="兼容性">兼容性</h2> + +<p>{{CompatibilityTable}}</p> + +<div id="compat-desktop"> +<table class="compat-table"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <th>Feature</th> + <th>Chrome</th> + <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th> + <th>Internet Explorer</th> + <th>Opera</th> + <th>Safari</th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Basic support</td> + <td>1.0</td> + <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("1.9.1")}}</td> + <td>9.0</td> + <td>9.5</td> + <td>3.1<span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.5;"> </span></td> + </tr> + </tbody> +</table> +</div> + +<div id="compat-mobile"> +<table class="compat-table"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <th>Feature</th> + <th>Android</th> + <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th> + <th>IE Mobile</th> + <th>Opera Mobile</th> + <th>Safari Mobile</th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>Basic support</td> + <td>2.1</td> + <td>{{CompatGeckoMobile("1.9.1")}}</td> + <td>9.0</td> + <td>9.5</td> + <td>3.1</td> + </tr> + </tbody> +</table> +</div> + +<h2 id="注意">注意</h2> + +<ul> + <li>Opera 不能处理动态插入的元素。</li> +</ul> + +<h2 id="参见">参见</h2> + +<ul> + <li>{{ Cssxref(":nth-of-type") }}, {{ Cssxref(":nth-last-child") }}</li> +</ul> |