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authorPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
committerPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
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+---
+title: Array.prototype.copyWithin()
+slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/copyWithin
+tags:
+ - ECMAScript 2015
+ - JavaScript
+ - polyfill
+ - 原型
+ - 数组
+ - 方法
+translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/copyWithin
+---
+<div>{{JSRef}}</div>
+
+<div><code><strong>copyWithin()</strong></code> 方法浅复制数组的一部分到同一数组中的另一个位置,并返回它,不会改变原数组的长度。</div>
+
+<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/array-copywithin.html")}}</div>
+
+
+
+<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox"><var>arr</var>.copyWithin(<var>target[</var>, <var>start[</var>, <var>end]]</var>)
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters">参数</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><code>target</code></dt>
+ <dd>0 为基底的索引,复制序列到该位置。如果是负数,<code>target</code> 将从末尾开始计算。</dd>
+ <dd>如果 <code>target</code> 大于等于 <code>arr.length</code>,将会不发生拷贝。如果 <code>target</code> 在 <code>start</code> 之后,复制的序列将被修改以符合 <code>arr.length</code>。</dd>
+ <dt><code>start</code></dt>
+ <dd>0 为基底的索引,开始复制元素的起始位置。如果是负数,<code>start</code> 将从末尾开始计算。</dd>
+ <dd>如果 <code>start</code> 被忽略,<code>copyWithin</code> 将会从0开始复制。</dd>
+ <dt><code>end</code></dt>
+ <dd>0 为基底的索引,开始复制元素的结束位置。<code>copyWithin</code> 将会拷贝到该位置,但不包括 <code>end</code> 这个位置的元素。如果是负数, <code>end</code> 将从末尾开始计算。</dd>
+ <dd>如果 <code>end</code> 被忽略,<code>copyWithin</code> 方法将会一直复制至数组结尾(默认为 <code>arr.length</code>)。</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
+
+<p>改变后的数组。</p>
+
+<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
+
+<p>参数 target、start 和 end 必须为整数。</p>
+
+<p>如果 start 为负,则其指定的索引位置等同于 length+start,length 为数组的长度。end 也是如此。</p>
+
+<p>copyWithin 方法不要求其 this 值必须是一个数组对象;除此之外,copyWithin 是一个可变方法,它可以改变 this 对象本身,并且返回它,而不仅仅是它的拷贝。</p>
+
+<p><code>copyWithin</code> 就像 C 和 C++ 的 <code>memcpy</code> 函数一样,且它是用来移动 {{jsxref("Array")}} 或者 {{jsxref("TypedArray")}} 数据的一个高性能的方法。复制以及粘贴序列这两者是为一体的操作;即使复制和粘贴区域重叠,粘贴的序列也会有拷贝来的值。</p>
+
+<p><code>copyWithin</code><strong> </strong>函数被设计为通用式的,其不要求其 <code>this</code> 值必须是一个{{jsxref("Array", "数组")}}对象。</p>
+
+<p><code>copyWithin</code> 是一个可变方法,它不会改变 this 的长度 length,但是会改变 this 本身的内容,且需要时会创建新的属性。</p>
+
+<h2 id="例子">例子</h2>
+
+<pre><code>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].copyWithin(-2)
+// [1, 2, 3, 1, 2]
+
+[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].copyWithin(0, 3)
+// [4, 5, 3, 4, 5]
+
+[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].copyWithin(0, 3, 4)
+// [4, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].copyWithin(-2, -3, -1)
+// [1, 2, 3, 3, 4]</code>
+
+[].copyWithin.call({length: 5, 3: 1}, 0, 3);
+// {0: 1, 3: 1, length: 5}
+
+// ES2015 Typed Arrays are subclasses of Array
+var i32a = new Int32Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
+
+i32a.copyWithin(0, 2);
+// Int32Array [3, 4, 5, 4, 5]
+
+// On platforms that are not yet ES2015 compliant:
+[].copyWithin.call(new Int32Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]), 0, 3, 4);
+// Int32Array [4, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Polyfill">Polyfill</h2>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">if (!Array.prototype.copyWithin) {
+ Array.prototype.copyWithin = function(target, start/*, end*/) {
+ // Steps 1-2.
+ if (this == null) {
+ throw new TypeError('this is null or not defined');
+ }
+
+ var O = Object(this);
+
+ // Steps 3-5.
+ var len = O.length &gt;&gt;&gt; 0;
+
+ // Steps 6-8.
+ var relativeTarget = target &gt;&gt; 0;
+
+ var to = relativeTarget &lt; 0 ?
+ Math.max(len + relativeTarget, 0) :
+ Math.min(relativeTarget, len);
+
+ // Steps 9-11.
+ var relativeStart = start &gt;&gt; 0;
+
+ var from = relativeStart &lt; 0 ?
+ Math.max(len + relativeStart, 0) :
+ Math.min(relativeStart, len);
+
+ // Steps 12-14.
+ var end = arguments[2];
+ var relativeEnd = end === undefined ? len : end &gt;&gt; 0;
+
+ var final = relativeEnd &lt; 0 ?
+ Math.max(len + relativeEnd, 0) :
+ Math.min(relativeEnd, len);
+
+ // Step 15.
+ var count = Math.min(final - from, len - to);
+
+ // Steps 16-17.
+ var direction = 1;
+
+ if (from &lt; to &amp;&amp; to &lt; (from + count)) {
+ direction = -1;
+ from += count - 1;
+ to += count - 1;
+ }
+
+ // Step 18.
+ while (count &gt; 0) {
+ if (from in O) {
+ O[to] = O[from];
+ } else {
+ delete O[to];
+ }
+
+ from += direction;
+ to += direction;
+ count--;
+ }
+
+ // Step 19.
+ return O;
+ };
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">规范</th>
+ <th scope="col">状态</th>
+ <th scope="col">备注</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ES2015', '#sec-array.prototype.copywithin', 'Array.prototype.copyWithin')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ES2015')}}</td>
+ <td>Initial definition.</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ES2016', '#sec-array.prototype.copywithin', 'Array.prototype.copyWithin')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ES2016')}}</td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-array.prototype.copywithin', 'Array.prototype.copyWithin')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
+
+
+
+<p>{{Compat("javascript.builtins.Array.copyWithin")}}</p>
+
+<h2 id="参见">参见</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{jsxref("Array")}}</li>
+</ul>