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author | Peter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com> | 2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500 |
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committer | Peter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com> | 2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500 |
commit | 33058f2b292b3a581333bdfb21b8f671898c5060 (patch) | |
tree | 51c3e392513ec574331b2d3f85c394445ea803c6 /files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/copywithin | |
parent | 8b66d724f7caf0157093fb09cfec8fbd0c6ad50a (diff) | |
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diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/copywithin/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/copywithin/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..b19fa2fc56 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/copywithin/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,190 @@ +--- +title: Array.prototype.copyWithin() +slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/copyWithin +tags: + - ECMAScript 2015 + - JavaScript + - polyfill + - 原型 + - 数组 + - 方法 +translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/copyWithin +--- +<div>{{JSRef}}</div> + +<div><code><strong>copyWithin()</strong></code> 方法浅复制数组的一部分到同一数组中的另一个位置,并返回它,不会改变原数组的长度。</div> + +<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/array-copywithin.html")}}</div> + + + +<h2 id="语法">语法</h2> + +<pre class="syntaxbox"><var>arr</var>.copyWithin(<var>target[</var>, <var>start[</var>, <var>end]]</var>) +</pre> + +<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters">参数</h3> + +<dl> + <dt><code>target</code></dt> + <dd>0 为基底的索引,复制序列到该位置。如果是负数,<code>target</code> 将从末尾开始计算。</dd> + <dd>如果 <code>target</code> 大于等于 <code>arr.length</code>,将会不发生拷贝。如果 <code>target</code> 在 <code>start</code> 之后,复制的序列将被修改以符合 <code>arr.length</code>。</dd> + <dt><code>start</code></dt> + <dd>0 为基底的索引,开始复制元素的起始位置。如果是负数,<code>start</code> 将从末尾开始计算。</dd> + <dd>如果 <code>start</code> 被忽略,<code>copyWithin</code> 将会从0开始复制。</dd> + <dt><code>end</code></dt> + <dd>0 为基底的索引,开始复制元素的结束位置。<code>copyWithin</code> 将会拷贝到该位置,但不包括 <code>end</code> 这个位置的元素。如果是负数, <code>end</code> 将从末尾开始计算。</dd> + <dd>如果 <code>end</code> 被忽略,<code>copyWithin</code> 方法将会一直复制至数组结尾(默认为 <code>arr.length</code>)。</dd> +</dl> + +<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3> + +<p>改变后的数组。</p> + +<h2 id="描述">描述</h2> + +<p>参数 target、start 和 end 必须为整数。</p> + +<p>如果 start 为负,则其指定的索引位置等同于 length+start,length 为数组的长度。end 也是如此。</p> + +<p>copyWithin 方法不要求其 this 值必须是一个数组对象;除此之外,copyWithin 是一个可变方法,它可以改变 this 对象本身,并且返回它,而不仅仅是它的拷贝。</p> + +<p><code>copyWithin</code> 就像 C 和 C++ 的 <code>memcpy</code> 函数一样,且它是用来移动 {{jsxref("Array")}} 或者 {{jsxref("TypedArray")}} 数据的一个高性能的方法。复制以及粘贴序列这两者是为一体的操作;即使复制和粘贴区域重叠,粘贴的序列也会有拷贝来的值。</p> + +<p><code>copyWithin</code><strong> </strong>函数被设计为通用式的,其不要求其 <code>this</code> 值必须是一个{{jsxref("Array", "数组")}}对象。</p> + +<p><code>copyWithin</code> 是一个可变方法,它不会改变 this 的长度 length,但是会改变 this 本身的内容,且需要时会创建新的属性。</p> + +<h2 id="例子">例子</h2> + +<pre><code>[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].copyWithin(-2) +// [1, 2, 3, 1, 2] + +[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].copyWithin(0, 3) +// [4, 5, 3, 4, 5] + +[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].copyWithin(0, 3, 4) +// [4, 2, 3, 4, 5] + +[1, 2, 3, 4, 5].copyWithin(-2, -3, -1) +// [1, 2, 3, 3, 4]</code> + +[].copyWithin.call({length: 5, 3: 1}, 0, 3); +// {0: 1, 3: 1, length: 5} + +// ES2015 Typed Arrays are subclasses of Array +var i32a = new Int32Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]); + +i32a.copyWithin(0, 2); +// Int32Array [3, 4, 5, 4, 5] + +// On platforms that are not yet ES2015 compliant: +[].copyWithin.call(new Int32Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]), 0, 3, 4); +// Int32Array [4, 2, 3, 4, 5] +</pre> + +<h2 id="Polyfill">Polyfill</h2> + +<pre class="brush: js">if (!Array.prototype.copyWithin) { + Array.prototype.copyWithin = function(target, start/*, end*/) { + // Steps 1-2. + if (this == null) { + throw new TypeError('this is null or not defined'); + } + + var O = Object(this); + + // Steps 3-5. + var len = O.length >>> 0; + + // Steps 6-8. + var relativeTarget = target >> 0; + + var to = relativeTarget < 0 ? + Math.max(len + relativeTarget, 0) : + Math.min(relativeTarget, len); + + // Steps 9-11. + var relativeStart = start >> 0; + + var from = relativeStart < 0 ? + Math.max(len + relativeStart, 0) : + Math.min(relativeStart, len); + + // Steps 12-14. + var end = arguments[2]; + var relativeEnd = end === undefined ? len : end >> 0; + + var final = relativeEnd < 0 ? + Math.max(len + relativeEnd, 0) : + Math.min(relativeEnd, len); + + // Step 15. + var count = Math.min(final - from, len - to); + + // Steps 16-17. + var direction = 1; + + if (from < to && to < (from + count)) { + direction = -1; + from += count - 1; + to += count - 1; + } + + // Step 18. + while (count > 0) { + if (from in O) { + O[to] = O[from]; + } else { + delete O[to]; + } + + from += direction; + to += direction; + count--; + } + + // Step 19. + return O; + }; +} +</pre> + +<h2 id="规范">规范</h2> + +<table class="standard-table"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <th scope="col">规范</th> + <th scope="col">状态</th> + <th scope="col">备注</th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES2015', '#sec-array.prototype.copywithin', 'Array.prototype.copyWithin')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES2015')}}</td> + <td>Initial definition.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES2016', '#sec-array.prototype.copywithin', 'Array.prototype.copyWithin')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES2016')}}</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-array.prototype.copywithin', 'Array.prototype.copyWithin')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + </tbody> +</table> + +<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2> + + + +<p>{{Compat("javascript.builtins.Array.copyWithin")}}</p> + +<h2 id="参见">参见</h2> + +<ul> + <li>{{jsxref("Array")}}</li> +</ul> |