initial commit

1 files changed, 409 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/reduceright/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/reduceright/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e4846dbfbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/reduceright/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+---
+title: Array.prototype.reduceRight()
+slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/ReduceRight
+tags:
+  - JavaScript
+  - 原型
+  - 数组
+  - 方法
+translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/ReduceRight
+---
+<div>{{JSRef}}</div>
+
+<p><code><strong>reduceRight()</strong></code> 方法接受一个函数作为累加器（accumulator）和数组的每个值（从右到左）将其减少为单个值。</p>
+
+<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/array-reduce-right.html")}}</div>
+
+
+
+<p>对于从左至右遍历的相似方法请参阅 {{jsxref("Array.prototype.reduce()")}}.</p>
+
+<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox notranslate"><var>arr.reduceRight(callback(accumulator, currentValue[, index[, array]])[, initialValue])</var></pre>
+
+<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><code>callback</code></dt>
+ <dd>一个回调函数，用于操作数组中的每个元素，它可接受四个参数：
+ <dl>
+  <dt><code>accumulator</code></dt>
+  <dd><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="zh-CN"><span title="">累加器：</span></span>上一次调用回调函数时，回调函数返回的值。首次调用回调函数时，如果 <code>initialValue</code> 存在，<span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="zh-CN"><span title="">累加器</span></span>即为 <code>initialValue</code>，否则须为数组中的最后一个元素（详见下方 <code>initialValue</code> 处相关说明）。</dd>
+  <dt><code>currentValue</code></dt>
+  <dd><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="zh-CN"><span title="">当前元素：</span></span>当前被处理的元素。</dd>
+  <dt><code>index</code>{{optional_inline}}</dt>
+  <dd>数组中当前被处理的元素的索引。</dd>
+  <dt><code>array</code>{{optional_inline}}</dt>
+  <dd>调用 <code>reduceRight()</code> 的数组。</dd>
+ </dl>
+ </dd>
+ <dt><code>initialValue</code>{{optional_inline}} </dt>
+ <dd><span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="zh-CN"><span title="">首次调用</span></span> <code>callback</code> 函数时，<span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="zh-CN"><span title="">累加器 </span></span> <code>accumulator</code> <span class="tlid-translation translation" lang="zh-CN"><span title="">的值</span></span>。如果未提供该初始值，则将使用数组中的最后一个元素，并跳过该元素。如果不给出初始值，则需保证数组不为空。<br>
+ 否则，在空数组上调用 <code>reduce</code> 或 <code>reduceRight</code> 且未提供初始值（例如 <code>[].reduce( (acc, cur, idx, arr) =&gt; {} )</code> ）的话，会导致类型错误 <code><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Reduce_of_empty_array_with_no_initial_value">TypeError: reduce of empty array with no initial value</a></code>。</dd>
+ <dt>
+ <h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
+ </dt>
+ <dd>
+ <p>执行之后的返回值。</p>
+ </dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
+
+<p><code>reduceRight</code> 为数组中每个元素调用一次 <code>callback</code> 回调函数，但是数组中被删除的索引或从未被赋值的索引会跳过。回调函数接受四个参数：初始值（或上次调用回调的返回值）、当前元素值、当前索引，以及调用迭代的当前数组。</p>
+
+<p>可以像下面这样调用 <code>reduceRight</code> 的回调函数 <code>callback</code>：</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">array.reduceRight(function(accumulator, currentValue, index, array) {
+  // ...
+});</pre>
+
+<p>首次调用回调函数时，<code>accumulator</code> 和 <code>currentValue</code> 的可能取值情况有两种：</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>如果在调用 <code>reduceRight</code> 时提供了 <code>initialValue</code> 参数，则 <code>accumulator</code> 等于 <code>initialValue</code>，<code>currentValue</code> 等于数组中的最后一个元素。</li>
+ <li>如果没有提供 <code>initialValue</code> 参数，则 <code>accumulator</code> 等于数组最后一个元素， <code>currentValue</code> 等于数组中倒数第二个元素。</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>如果数组为空，但提供了 <code>initialValue</code> 参数，或如果数组中只有一个元素，且没有提供 <code>initialValue</code> 参数，将会直接返回 <code>initialValue</code> 参数或数组中的那一个元素。这两种情况下，都不会调用 <code>callback</code> 函数。</p>
+
+<p>如果数组为空，且没有提供 <code>initialValue</code> 参数，则会抛出一个 <code>TypeError</code> 错误。</p>
+
+<p>最终，首次调用时的情况可汇总为此表：</p>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <thead>
+  <tr>
+   <th>数组内元素数量</th>
+   <th>是否提供 <code>initialValue</code></th>
+   <th>结果</th>
+  </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <td rowspan="2">&gt; 1</td>
+   <td>未提供</td>
+   <td><code>accumulator</code> 为<u>数组中</u>（下略）最后一个元素<br>
+    <code>currentValue</code> 为倒数第二个元素</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>提供</td>
+   <td><code>accumulator</code> 为 <code>initialValue</code><br>
+    <code>currentValue</code> 为最后一个元素</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>= 1</td>
+   <td>未提供</td>
+   <td>直接返回数组中的唯一一个元素</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td rowspan="2">= 0</td>
+   <td>提供</td>
+   <td>直接返回 <code>initialValue</code></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>未提供</td>
+   <td>抛出 <code>TypeError</code> 错误</td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>该函数的完整执行过程见下例：</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">[0, 1, 2, 3, 4].reduceRight(function(previousValue, currentValue, index, array) {
+    return previousValue + currentValue;
+});
+</pre>
+
+<p>一共会调用四次回调函数，每次调用的参数及返回值如下：</p>
+
+<table style="width: 100%;">
+ <thead>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="col"><code>callback</code></th>
+   <th scope="col"><code>previousValue</code></th>
+   <th scope="col"><code>currentValue</code></th>
+   <th scope="col"><code>index</code></th>
+   <th scope="col"><code>array</code></th>
+   <th scope="col">返回值</th>
+  </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">第一次调用</th>
+   <td><code>4</code></td>
+   <td><code>3</code></td>
+   <td><code>3</code></td>
+   <td><code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code></td>
+   <td><code>7</code></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">第二次调用</th>
+   <td><code>7</code></td>
+   <td><code>2</code></td>
+   <td><code>2</code></td>
+   <td><code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code></td>
+   <td><code>9</code></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">第三次调用</th>
+   <td><code>9</code></td>
+   <td><code>1</code></td>
+   <td><code>1</code></td>
+   <td><code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code></td>
+   <td><code>10</code></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">第四次调用</th>
+   <td><code>10</code></td>
+   <td><code>0</code></td>
+   <td><code>0</code></td>
+   <td><code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code></td>
+   <td><code>10</code></td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p><code>reduceRight</code> 返回值是最后一次调用回调的返回值（<code>10</code>）。</p>
+
+<p>如果提供了一个 <code>initialValue</code> 参数，则结果如下：</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">[0, 1, 2, 3, 4].reduceRight(function(previousValue, currentValue, index, array) {
+    return previousValue + currentValue;
+}, 10);
+</pre>
+
+<table style="width: 100%;">
+ <thead>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="col"><code>callback</code></th>
+   <th scope="col"><code>previousValue</code></th>
+   <th scope="col"><code>currentValue</code></th>
+   <th scope="col"><code>index</code></th>
+   <th scope="col"><code>array</code></th>
+   <th scope="col">返回值</th>
+  </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">第一次调用</th>
+   <td><code>10</code></td>
+   <td><code>4</code></td>
+   <td><code>4</code></td>
+   <td><code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code></td>
+   <td><code>14</code></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">第二次调用</th>
+   <td><code>14</code></td>
+   <td><code>3</code></td>
+   <td><code>3</code></td>
+   <td><code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code></td>
+   <td><code>17</code></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">第三次调用</th>
+   <td><code>17</code></td>
+   <td><code>2</code></td>
+   <td><code>2</code></td>
+   <td><code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code></td>
+   <td><code>19</code></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">第四次调用</th>
+   <td><code>19</code></td>
+   <td><code>1</code></td>
+   <td><code>1</code></td>
+   <td><code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code></td>
+   <td><code>20</code></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="row">第五次调用</th>
+   <td><code>20</code></td>
+   <td><code>0</code></td>
+   <td><code>0</code></td>
+   <td><code>[0,1,2,3,4]</code></td>
+   <td><code>20</code></td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<p>这时，<code>reduceRight</code> 返回值为 20。</p>
+
+<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
+
+<h3 id="求一个数组中所有值的和">求一个数组中所有值的和</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var sum = [0, 1, 2, 3].reduceRight(function(a, b) {
+  return a + b;
+});
+// sum is 6</pre>
+
+<h3 id="扁平化（flatten）一个二维数组">扁平化（flatten）一个二维数组</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var flattened = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]].reduceRight(function(a, b) {
+    return a.concat(b);
+}, []);
+// flattened is [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="运行一个带有回调每个函数将其结果传给下一个的异步函数列表">运行一个带有回调每个函数将其结果传给下一个的异步函数列表</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">const waterfall = (...functions) =&gt; (callback, ...args) =&gt;
+  functions.reduceRight(
+    (composition, fn) =&gt; (...results) =&gt; fn(composition, ...results),
+    callback
+  )(...args);
+
+const randInt = max =&gt; Math.floor(Math.random() * max)
+
+const add5 = (callback, x) =&gt; {
+  setTimeout(callback, randInt(1000), x + 5);
+};
+const mult3 = (callback, x) =&gt; {
+  setTimeout(callback, randInt(1000), x * 3);
+};
+const sub2 = (callback, x) =&gt; {
+  setTimeout(callback, randInt(1000), x - 2);
+};
+const split = (callback, x) =&gt; {
+  setTimeout(callback, randInt(1000), x, x);
+};
+const add = (callback, x, y) =&gt; {
+  setTimeout(callback, randInt(1000), x + y);
+};
+const div4 = (callback, x) =&gt; {
+  setTimeout(callback, randInt(1000), x / 4);
+};
+
+const computation = waterfall(add5, mult3, sub2, split, add, div4);
+computation(console.log, 5) // -&gt; 14
+
+// same as:
+
+const computation2 = (input, callback) =&gt; {
+  const f6 = x=&gt; div4(callback, x);
+  const f5 = (x, y) =&gt; add(f6, x, y);
+  const f4 = x =&gt; split(f5, x);
+  const f3 = x =&gt; sub2(f4, x);
+  const f2 = x =&gt; mult3(f3, x);
+  add5(f2, input);
+}</pre>
+
+<h3 id="展示_reduce_与_reduceRight_之间的区别">展示 <code>reduce</code> 与 <code>reduceRight</code> 之间的区别</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var a = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5'];
+var left  = a.reduce(function(prev, cur)      { return prev + cur; });
+var right = a.reduceRight(function(prev, cur) { return prev + cur; });
+
+console.log(left);  // "12345"
+console.log(right); // "54321"</pre>
+
+<h3 id="定义可组合函数">定义可组合函数</h3>
+
+<p>组合函数的概念简单，它只是简单地结合了多个函数。它是一个从右向左流动的函数，用上一个函数的输出调用每个函数。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">/**
+ * Function Composition is way in which result of one function can
+ * be passed to another and so on.
+ *
+ * h(x) = f(g(x))
+ *
+ * Function execution happens right to left
+ *
+ * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_composition
+ */
+
+const compose = (...args) =&gt; (value) =&gt; args.reduceRight((acc, fn) =&gt; fn(acc), value)
+
+// Increament passed number
+const inc = (n) =&gt; n + 1
+
+// Doubles the passed value
+const double = (n) =&gt; n * 2
+
+// using composition function
+console.log(compose(double, inc)(2)); // 6
+
+// using composition function
+console.log(compose(inc, double)(2)); // 5</pre>
+
+<h2 id="兼容旧环境（Polyfill）">兼容旧环境（Polyfill）</h2>
+
+<p><code>reduceRight</code> 被添加到 ECMA-262 标准第 5 版，因此它在某些实现环境中可能不被支持。把下面的代码添加到脚本开头可以解决此问题，从而允许在那些没有原生支持 <code>reduceRight</code> 的实现环境中使用它。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">// Production steps of ECMA-262, Edition 5, 15.4.4.22
+// Reference: http://es5.github.io/#x15.4.4.22
+if ('function' !== typeof Array.prototype.reduceRight) {
+  Array.prototype.reduceRight = function(callback /*, initialValue*/) {
+    'use strict';
+    if (null === this || 'undefined' === typeof this) {
+      throw new TypeError('Array.prototype.reduceRight called on null or undefined');
+    }
+    if ('function' !== typeof callback) {
+      throw new TypeError(callback + ' is not a function');
+    }
+    var t = Object(this), len = t.length &gt;&gt;&gt; 0, k = len - 1, value;
+    if (arguments.length &gt;= 2) {
+      value = arguments[1];
+    } else {
+      while (k &gt;= 0 &amp;&amp; !(k in t)) {
+        k--;
+      }
+      if (k &lt; 0) {
+        throw new TypeError('reduceRight of empty array with no initial value');
+      }
+      value = t[k--];
+    }
+    for (; k &gt;= 0; k--) {
+      if (k in t) {
+        value = callback(value, t[k], k, t);
+      }
+    }
+    return value;
+  };
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+   <th scope="col">Status</th>
+   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.4.4.22', 'Array.prototype.reduceRight')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
+   <td>Initial definition.<br>
+    Implemented in JavaScript 1.8</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-array.prototype.reduceright', 'Array.prototype.reduceRight')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-array.prototype.reduceright', 'Array.prototype.reduceRight')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
+
+<div>
+
+
+<p>{{Compat("javascript.builtins.Array.reduceRight")}}</p>
+</div>
+
+<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{jsxref("Array.prototype.reduce()")}}</li>
+</ul>