aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/encodeuricomponent/index.html
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
committerPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500
commit33058f2b292b3a581333bdfb21b8f671898c5060 (patch)
tree51c3e392513ec574331b2d3f85c394445ea803c6 /files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/encodeuricomponent/index.html
parent8b66d724f7caf0157093fb09cfec8fbd0c6ad50a (diff)
downloadtranslated-content-33058f2b292b3a581333bdfb21b8f671898c5060.tar.gz
translated-content-33058f2b292b3a581333bdfb21b8f671898c5060.tar.bz2
translated-content-33058f2b292b3a581333bdfb21b8f671898c5060.zip
initial commit
Diffstat (limited to 'files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/encodeuricomponent/index.html')
-rw-r--r--files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/encodeuricomponent/index.html144
1 files changed, 144 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/encodeuricomponent/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/encodeuricomponent/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d80cd457c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/encodeuricomponent/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+---
+title: encodeURIComponent()
+slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent
+tags:
+ - JavaScript
+ - URI
+ - 统一资源标识符
+translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent
+---
+<div>{{jsSidebar("Objects")}}</div>
+
+<p><code><strong>encodeURIComponent()</strong></code>函数通过将一个,两个,三个或四个表示字符的UTF-8编码的转义序列替换某些字符的每个实例来编码 <a href="https://wiki.developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/URI">URI</a> (对于由两个“代理”字符组成的字符而言,将仅是四个转义序列) 。</p>
+
+<p>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/globalprops-encodeuricomponent.html","shorter")}}</p>
+
+<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox notranslate">encodeURIComponent(str);</pre>
+
+<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><code>str</code></dt>
+ <dd>String. URI 的组成部分。</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
+
+<p>原字串作为URI组成部分被被编码后的新字符串。</p>
+
+<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
+
+<p><code>encodeURIComponent</code> 转义除了如下所示外的所有字符:</p>
+
+<pre class="notranslate">不转义的字符:
+ A-Z a-z 0-9 <code>-</code> <code>_</code> <code>.</code> <code>!</code> <code>~</code> <code>*</code> <code>'</code> <code>(</code> <code>)</code></pre>
+
+<p><code>encodeURIComponent()</code> 和 <strong><code>encodeURI</code></strong> 有以下几个不同点:</p>
+
+<pre class="notranslate">var set1 = ";,/?:@&amp;=+$"; // 保留字符
+var set2 = "-_.!~*'()"; // 不转义字符
+var set3 = "#"; // 数字标志
+var set4 = "ABC abc 123"; // 字母数字字符和空格
+
+console.log(encodeURI(set1)); // ;,/?:@&amp;=+$
+console.log(encodeURI(set2)); // -_.!~*'()
+console.log(encodeURI(set3)); // #
+console.log(encodeURI(set4)); // ABC%20abc%20123 (the space gets encoded as %20)
+
+console.log(encodeURIComponent(set1)); // %3B%2C%2F%3F%3A%40%26%3D%2B%24
+console.log(encodeURIComponent(set2)); // -_.!~*'()
+console.log(encodeURIComponent(set3)); // %23
+console.log(encodeURIComponent(set4)); // ABC%20abc%20123 (the space gets encoded as %20)</pre>
+
+<p>注意,如果试图编码一个非高-低位完整的代理字符,将会抛出一个 {{jsxref("URIError")}} 错误,例如:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">// 高低位完整
+alert(encodeURIComponent('\uD800\uDFFF'));
+
+// 只有高位,将抛出"URIError: malformed URI sequence"
+alert(encodeURIComponent('\uD800'));
+
+// 只有低位,将抛出"URIError: malformed URI sequence"
+alert(encodeURIComponent('\uDFFF')); </pre>
+
+<p>为了避免服务器收到不可预知的请求,对任何用户输入的作为URI部分的内容你都需要用encodeURIComponent进行转义。比如,一个用户可能会输入"<code>Thyme &amp;time=again</code>"作为<code>comment</code>变量的一部分。如果不使用encodeURIComponent对此内容进行转义,服务器得到的将是<code>comment=Thyme%20&amp;time=again</code>。请注意,"&amp;"符号和"="符号产生了一个新的键值对,所以服务器得到两个键值对(一个键值对是<code>comment=Thyme</code>,另一个则是<code>time=again</code>),而不是一个键值对。</p>
+
+<p>对于 <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#application/x-www-form-urlencoded-encoding-algorithm"><code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></a> (POST) 这种数据方式,空格需要被替换成 '+',所以通常使用 <code>encodeURIComponent</code> 的时候还会把 "%20" 替换为 "+"。</p>
+
+<p>为了更严格的遵循 <a class="external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC 3986</a>(它保留 !, ', (, ), 和 *),即使这些字符并没有正式划定 URI 的用途,下面这种方式是比较安全的:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function fixedEncodeURIComponent (str) {
+ return encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/[!'()*]/g, function(c) {
+ return '%' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16);
+ });
+}</pre>
+
+<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
+
+<p>下面这个例子提供了 UTF-8 下 <code>Content-Disposition</code> 和 <code>Link</code> 的服务器响应头信息的参数(例如 UTF-8 文件名):</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var fileName = 'my file(2).txt';
+var header = "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=UTF-8''"
+ + encodeRFC5987ValueChars(fileName);
+
+console.log(header);
+// 输出 "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=UTF-8''my%20file%282%29.txt"
+
+
+function encodeRFC5987ValueChars (str) {
+    return encodeURIComponent(str).
+ // 注意,仅管 RFC3986 保留 "!",但 RFC5987 并没有
+ // 所以我们并不需要过滤它
+        replace(/['()]/g, escape). // i.e., %27 %28 %29
+        replace(/\*/g, '%2A').
+ // 下面的并不是 RFC5987 中 URI 编码必须的
+ // 所以对于 |`^ 这3个字符我们可以稍稍提高一点可读性
+            replace(/%(?:7C|60|5E)/g, unescape);
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">规范</th>
+ <th scope="col">状态</th>
+ <th scope="col">备注</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ES3')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ES3')}}</td>
+ <td>初始定义</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.1.3.4', 'encodeURIComponent')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-encodeuricomponent-uricomponent', 'encodeURIComponent')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-encodeuricomponent-uricomponent', 'encodeURIComponent')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
+
+<p>{{Compat("javascript.builtins.encodeURIComponent")}}</p>
+
+<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{jsxref("decodeURI")}}</li>
+ <li>{{jsxref("encodeURI")}}</li>
+ <li>{{jsxref("decodeURIComponent")}}</li>
+</ul>