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author | Peter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com> | 2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500 |
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committer | Peter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com> | 2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500 |
commit | 33058f2b292b3a581333bdfb21b8f671898c5060 (patch) | |
tree | 51c3e392513ec574331b2d3f85c394445ea803c6 /files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/isnan | |
parent | 8b66d724f7caf0157093fb09cfec8fbd0c6ad50a (diff) | |
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diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/isnan/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/isnan/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..e9fd9ff613 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/isnan/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +--- +title: isNaN() +slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/isNaN +tags: + - JavaScript + - Method + - Reference +translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/isNaN +--- +<div>{{jsSidebar("Objects")}}</div> + +<p><code><strong>isNaN()</strong></code> 函数用来确定一个值是否为{{jsxref("NaN")}} 。注:<code>isNaN</code>函数内包含一些非常有趣的<a href="#Description">规则</a>;你也可以使用 ECMAScript 2015 中定义的 {{jsxref("Number.isNaN()")}} 来判断。</p> + +<p>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/globalprops-isnan.html")}}</p> + +<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2> + +<pre class="syntaxbox"><code>isNaN(value)</code></pre> + +<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters">参数</h3> + +<dl> + <dt><code>value</code></dt> + <dd>要被检测的值。</dd> +</dl> + +<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3> + +<p>如果给定值为 {{jsxref("NaN")}}则返回值为<code>true</code>;否则为<code>false</code>。</p> + +<h2 id="Description" name="Description">描述</h2> + +<h3 id="The_necessity_of_an_isNaN_function" name="The_necessity_of_an_isNaN_function"><code>isNaN</code> 函数的必要性</h3> + +<p>与 JavaScript 中其他的值不同,{{jsxref("Global_Objects/NaN", "NaN")}}不能通过相等操作符(== 和 ===)来判断 ,因为 <code>NaN == NaN</code> 和 <code>NaN === NaN</code> 都会返回 <code>false</code>。 因此,<code>isNaN</code> 就很有必要了。</p> + +<h3 id="Origin_of_NaN_values" name="Origin_of_NaN_values"><code>NaN值</code>的产生</h3> + +<p><font face="Courier New, Andale Mono, monospace">当算术运算返回一个未定义的或无法表示的值时,<code>NaN</code>就产生了。但是,<code>NaN</code>并不一定用于表示某些值超出表示范围的情况。</font><font face="Consolas, Monaco, 'Andale Mono', monospace">将某些不能强制转换为数值的非数值转换为数值的时候,也会得到<code>NaN</code></font>。</p> + +<p>例如,0 除以0会返回<code>NaN </code>—— 但是其他数除以0则不会返回<code>NaN</code>。</p> + +<h3 id="令人费解的怪异行为">令人费解的怪异行为</h3> + +<p>如果<code>isNaN</code>函数的参数不是<code>Number</code>类型, <code>isNaN</code>函数会首先尝试将这个参数转换为数值,然后才会对转换后的结果是否是{{jsxref("NaN")}}进行判断。因此,对于能被强制转换为有效的非NaN数值来说(空字符串和布尔值分别会被强制转换为数值0和1),返回<code>false</code>值也许会让人感觉莫名其妙。比如说,空字符串就明显“不是数值(not a number)”。这种怪异行为起源于:"不是数值(not a number)"在基于IEEE-754数值的浮点计算体制中代表了一种特定的含义。<code>isNaN</code>函数其实等同于回答了这样一个问题:被测试的值在被强制转换成数值时会不会返回IEEE-754中所谓的“不是数值(not a number)”。</p> + +<p>下一个版本的ECMAScript (ES2015)包含{{jsxref("Number.isNaN()")}}函数。通过<code>Number.isNaN(x)</code>来检测变量<code>x</code>是否是一个<code>NaN</code><font face="'Open Sans', sans-serif">将会是一种可靠的做法</font>。然而,在缺少<code>Number.isNaN</code>函数的情况下, 通过表达式<code>(x != x)</code> 来检测<code>变量x</code>是否是<code>NaN</code>会更加可靠。</p> + +<p>一个<code>isNaN</code>的 polyfill 可以理解为(这个polyfill利用了<code>NaN</code>自身永不相等于自身这一特征 ):</p> + +<pre class="brush: js line-numbers language-js"><code class="language-js"><span class="keyword token">var</span> isNaN <span class="operator token">=</span> <span class="keyword token">function</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span>value<span class="punctuation token">)</span> <span class="punctuation token">{</span> + <span class="keyword token">var</span> n <span class="operator token">=</span> <span class="function token">Number</span><span class="punctuation token">(</span>value<span class="punctuation token">)</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span> + <span class="keyword token">return</span> n <span class="operator token">!==</span> n<span class="punctuation token">;</span> +<span class="punctuation token">}</span><span class="punctuation token">;</span></code></pre> + +<h2 id="Examples" name="Examples">示例</h2> + +<pre class="brush: js">isNaN(NaN); // true +isNaN(undefined); // true +isNaN({}); // true + +isNaN(true); // false +isNaN(null); // false +isNaN(37); // false + +// strings +isNaN("37"); // false: 可以被转换成数值37 +isNaN("37.37"); // false: 可以被转换成数值37.37 +isNaN("37,5"); // true +isNaN('123ABC'); // true: parseInt("123ABC")的结果是 123, 但是Number("123ABC")结果是 NaN +isNaN(""); // false: 空字符串被转换成0 +isNaN(" "); // false: 包含空格的字符串被转换成0 + +// dates +isNaN(new Date()); // false +isNaN(new Date().toString()); // true + +isNaN("blabla") // true: "blabla"不能转换成数值 + // 转换成数值失败, 返回NaN +</pre> + +<h3 id="有用的特殊行为">有用的特殊行为</h3> + +<p>有许多方式来看待<code>isNaN()</code>:如果<code>isNaN(x)</code>返回false,那么x在任何算数表达式中都不会使表达式等于NaN;如果返回true,x会使所有算数表达式返回NaN。这就意味着,在JavaScript中,isNaN(x)==true等价于x-0=NaN(在JavaScript中 x-0 == NaN 总是返回false,所以你不用去测试它)。实际上, <code>isNaN(x)</code>, <code>isNaN(x - 0)</code>,<code>isNaN(Number(x))</code>, <code>Number.isNaN(x - 0)</code>,和<code>Number.isNaN(Number(x))</code> 的返回值都是一样的 并且在JavaScript中isNaN(x)是这些表达式中最短的表达。</p> + +<p>举个例子,可以利用这个特殊行为来检测函数的参数是可运算的(可以像number一样进行加减乘除等运算)。如果不可运算,则可赋予这个参数一个默认的值或其他合适的内容。这样,就可以得到一个隐式转换参数值的函数,而这得益于Javascript的全功能性。</p> + +<h2 id="例子">例子</h2> + +<pre class="brush: js">function increment(x) { + if (isNaN(x)) x = 0; + return x + 1; +}; + +// The same effect with Number.isNaN(): +function increment(x) { + if (Number.isNaN(Number(x))) x = 0; + return x + 1; +}; + +// In the following cases for the function's argument x, +// isNaN(x) is always false, although x is indeed not a +// number, but can be used as such in arithmetical +// expressions +increment(""); // 1: "" is converted to 0 +increment(new String()); // 1: String object representing an empty string is converted to 0 +increment([]); // 1: [] is converted to 0 +increment(new Array()); // 1: Array object representing an empty array is converted to 0 +increment("0"); // 1: "0" is converted to 0 +increment("1"); // 2: "1" is converted to 1 +increment("0.1"); // 1.1: "0.1" is converted to 0.1 +increment("Infinity"); // Infinity: "Infinity" is converted to Infinity +increment(null); // 1: null is converted to 0 +increment(false); // 1: false is converted to 0 +increment(true); // 2: true is converted to 1 +increment(new Date()); // returns current date/time in milliseconds plus 1 + +// In the following cases for the function's argument x, +// isNaN(x) is always false and x is indeed a number +increment(-1); // 0 +increment(-0.1); // 0.9 +increment(0); // 1 +increment(1); // 2 +increment(2); // 3 +// ... and so on ... +increment(Infinity); // Infinity + +// In the following cases for the function's argument x, +// isNaN(x) is always true and x is really not a number, +// thus the function replaces it by 0 and returns 1 +increment(String); // 1 +increment(Array); // 1 +increment("blabla"); // 1 +increment("-blabla"); // 1 +increment(0/0); // 1 +increment("0/0"); // 1 +increment(Infinity/Infinity); // 1 +increment(NaN); // 1 +increment(undefined); // 1 +increment(); // 1 + +// isNaN(x) is always the same as isNaN(Number(x)), +// but the presence of x is mandatory here! +isNaN(x) == isNaN(Number(x)) // true for every value of x, including x == undefined, + // because isNaN(undefined) == true and Number(undefined) returns NaN, + // but ... +isNaN() == isNaN(Number()) // false, because isNaN() == true and Number() == 0</pre> + +<h2 id="规范">规范</h2> + +<table class="standard-table"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <th scope="col">Specification</th> + <th scope="col">Status</th> + <th scope="col">Comment</th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES1')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES1')}}</td> + <td>Initial definition.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.1.2.4', 'isNaN')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-isnan-number', 'isNaN')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-isnan-number', 'isNaN')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + </tbody> +</table> + +<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2> + + + +<p>{{Compat("javascript.builtins.isNaN")}}</p> + +<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2> + +<ul> + <li>{{jsxref("NaN")}}</li> + <li>{{jsxref("Number.isNaN()")}}</li> +</ul> |