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+---
+title: Object.create()
+slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/create
+tags:
+  - ECMAScript5
+  - JavaScript
+  - Method
+  - Object
+  - Reference
+  - polyfill
+translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/create
+---
+<div>{{JSRef}}</div>
+
+<p><strong><code>Object.create()</code></strong>方法创建一个新对象，使用现有的对象来提供新创建的对象的__proto__。 （请打开浏览器控制台以查看运行结果。）</p>
+
+<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/object-create.html", "taller")}}</div>
+
+<div class="hidden">The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone <a href="https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples">https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples</a> and send us a pull request.</div>
+
+<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2>
+
+<pre class="notranslate">Object.create(<var>proto，[</var><var>propertiesObject</var>])</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters">参数</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><code>proto</code></dt>
+ <dd>新创建对象的原型对象。</dd>
+ <dt><code>propertiesObject</code></dt>
+ <dd>可选。需要传入一个对象，该对象的属性类型参照{{jsxref("Object.defineProperties()")}}的第二个参数。如果该参数被指定且不为 {{jsxref("undefined")}}，该传入对象的自有可枚举属性(即其自身定义的属性，而不是其原型链上的枚举属性)将为新创建的对象添加指定的属性值和对应的属性描述符。</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters">返回值</h3>
+
+<p>一个新对象，带着指定的原型对象和属性。</p>
+
+<h3 id="Description" name="Description">例外</h3>
+
+<p>如果<code>propertiesObject</code>参数是 {{jsxref("null")}} 或非原始包装对象，则抛出一个 {{jsxref("TypeError")}} 异常。</p>
+
+<h2 id="Examples" name="Examples">例子</h2>
+
+<h3 id="用_Object.create实现类式继承">用 <code>Object.create</code>实现类式继承</h3>
+
+<p>下面的例子演示了如何使用<code>Object.create()</code>来实现类式继承。这是一个所有版本JavaScript都支持的单继承。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">// Shape - 父类(superclass)
+function Shape() {
+  this.x = 0;
+  this.y = 0;
+}
+
+// 父类的方法
+Shape.prototype.move = function(x, y) {
+  this.x += x;
+  this.y += y;
+  console.info('Shape moved.');
+};
+
+// Rectangle - 子类(subclass)
+function Rectangle() {
+  Shape.call(this); // call super constructor.
+}
+
+// 子类续承父类
+Rectangle.prototype = Object.create(Shape.prototype);
+Rectangle.prototype.constructor = Rectangle;
+
+var rect = new Rectangle();
+
+console.log('Is rect an instance of Rectangle?',
+  rect instanceof Rectangle); // true
+console.log('Is rect an instance of Shape?',
+  rect instanceof Shape); // true
+rect.move(1, 1); // Outputs, 'Shape moved.'</pre>
+
+<p>如果你希望能继承到多个对象，则可以使用<span class="short_text" id="result_box" lang="zh-CN"><span>混入的方式。</span></span></p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function MyClass() {
+     SuperClass.call(this);
+     OtherSuperClass.call(this);
+}
+
+// 继承一个类
+MyClass.prototype = Object.create(SuperClass.prototype);
+// 混合其它
+Object.assign(MyClass.prototype, OtherSuperClass.prototype);
+// 重新指定constructor
+MyClass.prototype.constructor = MyClass;
+
+MyClass.prototype.myMethod = function() {
+     // do a thing
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/assign">Object.assign</a> 会把  <code>OtherSuperClass</code>原型上的函数拷贝到 <code>MyClass</code>原型上，使 MyClass 的所有实例都可用 OtherSuperClass 的方法。Object.assign 是在 ES2015 引入的，且可用<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/assign#Polyfill"> polyfilled</a>。要支持旧浏览器的话，可用使用 <a href="https://api.jquery.com/jQuery.extend/">jQuery.extend()</a> 或者 <a href="https://lodash.com/docs/#assign">_.assign()</a>。</p>
+
+<h3 id="使用_Object.create_的_propertyObject参数">使用 <code>Object.create</code> 的 <code>propertyObject</code>参数</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var o;
+
+// 创建一个原型为null的空对象
+o = Object.create(null);
+
+
+o = {};
+// 以字面量方式创建的空对象就相当于:
+o = Object.create(Object.prototype);
+
+
+o = Object.create(Object.prototype, {
+  // foo会成为所创建对象的数据属性
+  foo: {
+    writable:true,
+    configurable:true,
+    value: "hello"
+  },
+  // bar会成为所创建对象的访问器属性
+  bar: {
+    configurable: false,
+    get: function() { return 10 },
+    set: function(value) {
+      console.log("Setting `o.bar` to", value);
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+
+function Constructor(){}
+o = new Constructor();
+// 上面的一句就相当于:
+o = Object.create(Constructor.prototype);
+// 当然,如果在Constructor函数中有一些初始化代码,Object.create不能执行那些代码
+
+
+// 创建一个以另一个空对象为原型,且拥有一个属性p的对象
+o = Object.create({}, { p: { value: 42 } })
+
+// 省略了的属性特性默认为false,所以属性p是不可写,不可枚举,不可配置的:
+o.p = 24
+o.p
+//42
+
+o.q = 12
+for (var prop in o) {
+   console.log(prop)
+}
+//"q"
+
+delete o.p
+//false
+
+//创建一个可写的,可枚举的,可配置的属性p
+o2 = Object.create({}, {
+  p: {
+    value: 42,
+    writable: true,
+    enumerable: true,
+    configurable: true
+  }
+});</pre>
+
+<h2 id="Polyfill" style="line-height: 24px;">Polyfill</h2>
+
+<p>这个 polyfill 涵盖了主要的应用场景，它创建一个已经选择了原型的新对象，但没有把第二个参数考虑在内。</p>
+
+<p>请注意，尽管在 ES5 中 <code>Object.create</code>支持设置为<code>[[Prototype]]</code>为<code>null</code>，但因为那些ECMAScript5以前版本限制，此 polyfill 无法支持该特性。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">if (typeof Object.create !== "function") {
+    Object.create = function (proto, propertiesObject) {
+        if (typeof proto !== 'object' &amp;&amp; typeof proto !== 'function') {
+            throw new TypeError('Object prototype may only be an Object: ' + proto);
+        } else if (proto === null) {
+            throw new Error("This browser's implementation of Object.create is a shim and doesn't support 'null' as the first argument.");
+        }
+
+        if (typeof propertiesObject !== 'undefined') throw new Error("This browser's implementation of Object.create is a shim and doesn't support a second argument.");
+
+        function F() {}
+        F.prototype = proto;
+
+        return new F();
+    };
+}</pre>
+
+<h2 id="规范" style="margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 30px;">规范</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+   <th scope="col">Status</th>
+   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.2.3.5', 'Object.create')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
+   <td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.8.5.</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES2015', '#sec-object.create', 'Object.create')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES2015')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-object.create', 'Object.create')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="浏览器兼容">浏览器兼容</h2>
+
+<div class="hidden">The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div>
+
+<p>{{Compat("javascript.builtins.Object.create")}}</p>
+
+<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also" style="margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 30px;">相关链接</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{jsxref("Object.defineProperty")}}</li>
+ <li>{{jsxref("Object.defineProperties")}}</li>
+ <li>{{jsxref("Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf")}}</li>
+ <li>John Resig's post on <a class="external external-icon" href="http://ejohn.org/blog/objectgetprototypeof/" style="white-space: pre-line;" title="http://ejohn.org/blog/objectgetprototypeof/">getPrototypeOf</a></li>
+</ul>