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author | Peter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com> | 2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500 |
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committer | Peter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com> | 2020-12-08 14:40:17 -0500 |
commit | 33058f2b292b3a581333bdfb21b8f671898c5060 (patch) | |
tree | 51c3e392513ec574331b2d3f85c394445ea803c6 /files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/statements/function_star_/index.html | |
parent | 8b66d724f7caf0157093fb09cfec8fbd0c6ad50a (diff) | |
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diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/statements/function_star_/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/statements/function_star_/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..4e1f69883a --- /dev/null +++ b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/statements/function_star_/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,242 @@ +--- +title: function* +slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function* +tags: + - ECMAScript 2015 + - Generator + - JavaScript + - function* + - 函数 + - 声明 + - 迭代器 +translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function* +--- +<div>{{jsSidebar("Statements")}}</div> + +<p><code><strong>function*</strong></code> 这种声明方式(<code style="font-style: normal;">function</code>关键字后跟一个星号)会定义一个<strong><em>生成器函数</em> (</strong><em>generator function</em><strong>)</strong>,它返回一个 {{jsxref("Global_Objects/Generator","Generator")}} 对象。</p> + +<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/statement-functionasterisk.html")}}</div> + + + +<div class="noinclude"> +<p>你也可以使用构造函数 {{jsxref("GeneratorFunction")}} 或 {{jsxref("Operators/function*", "function* expression")}} 定义<strong><em>生成器函数</em> </strong>。</p> +</div> + +<h2 id="语法">语法</h2> + +<pre class="syntaxbox">function* <em>name</em>([<em>param</em>[, <em>param</em>[, ... <em>param</em>]]]) { <em>statements</em> } +</pre> + +<dl> + <dt><code>name</code></dt> + <dd>函数名</dd> +</dl> + +<dl> + <dt><code>param</code></dt> + <dd>要传递给函数的一个参数的名称,一个函数最多可以有255个参数。</dd> +</dl> + +<dl> + <dt><code>statements</code></dt> + <dd>普通JS语句。</dd> +</dl> + +<h2 id="描述">描述</h2> + +<p><strong>生成器函数</strong>在执行时能暂停,后面又能从暂停处继续执行。</p> + +<p>调用一个<strong>生成器函数</strong>并不会马上执行它里面的语句,而是返回一个这个生成器的 <strong>迭代器</strong> <strong>( <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Iteration_protocols#iterator">iterator</a> )对象</strong>。当这个迭代器的 <code>next() </code>方法被首次(后续)调用时,其内的语句会执行到第一个(后续)出现{{jsxref("Operators/yield", "yield")}}的位置为止,{{jsxref("Operators/yield", "yield")}} 后紧跟迭代器要返回的值。或者如果用的是 {{jsxref("Operators/yield*", "yield*")}}(多了个星号),则表示将执行权移交给另一个生成器函数(当前生成器暂停执行)。</p> + +<p><code>next()</code>方法返回一个对象,这个对象包含两个属性:value 和 done,value 属性表示本次 <code>yield </code>表达式的返回值,done 属性为布尔类型,表示生成器后续是否还有<code> yield </code>语句,即生成器函数是否已经执行完毕并返回。</p> + +<p>调用 <code>next()</code>方法时,如果传入了参数,那么这个参数会传给<strong>上一条执行的 yield语句左边的变量</strong>,例如下面例子中的<code> x </code>:</p> + +<pre class="brush: js">function *gen(){ + yield 10; + x=yield 'foo'; + yield x; +} + +var gen_obj=gen(); +console.log(gen_obj.next());// 执行 yield 10,返回 10 +console.log(gen_obj.next());// 执行 yield 'foo',返回 'foo' +console.log(gen_obj.next(100));// 将 100 赋给上一条 yield 'foo' 的左值,即执行 x=100,返回 100 +console.log(gen_obj.next());// 执行完毕,value 为 undefined,done 为 true</pre> + +<p>当在生成器函数中显式 <code>return </code>时,会导致生成器立即变为完成状态,即调用 <code>next()</code> 方法返回的对象的 <code>done </code>为 <code>true</code>。如果 <code>return </code>后面跟了一个值,那么这个值会作为<strong>当前</strong>调用 <code>next()</code> 方法返回的 value 值。</p> + +<h2 id="示例">示例</h2> + +<h3 id="简单示例">简单示例</h3> + +<pre class="brush: js">function* idMaker(){ + var index = 0; + while(index<3) + yield index++; +} + +var gen = idMaker(); +console.log(gen.next().value); // 0 +console.log(gen.next().value); // 1 +console.log(gen.next().value); // 2 +console.log(gen.next().value); // undefined +</pre> + +<h3 id="生成器也可以接收参数:">生成器也可以接收参数:</h3> + +<pre class="brush: js">function* idMaker(){ + var index = arguments[0] || 0; + while(true) + yield index++; +} + +var gen = idMaker(5); +console.log(gen.next().value); // 5 +console.log(gen.next().value); // 6</pre> + +<h3 id="yield*的示例">yield*的示例</h3> + +<pre class="brush: js">function* anotherGenerator(<strong>i</strong>) { + yield i + 1; + yield i + 2; + yield i + 3; +} + +function* generator(<strong>i</strong>){ + yield i; + yield* anotherGenerator(<strong>i</strong>);// 移交执行权 + yield i + 10; +} + +var gen = generator(10); + +console.log(gen.next().value); // 10 +console.log(gen.next().value); // 11 +console.log(gen.next().value); // 12 +console.log(gen.next().value); // 13 +console.log(gen.next().value); // 20 +</pre> + +<h3 id="传递参数">传递参数</h3> + +<pre class="brush: js">function *createIterator() { + let first = yield 1; + let second = yield first + 2; // <strong>4</strong> + 2 + // first =4 是next<strong>(4)将参数赋给上一条的</strong> + yield second + 3; // <strong>5</strong> + 3 +} + +let iterator = createIterator(); + +console.log(iterator.next()); // "{ value: 1, done: false }" +console.log(iterator.next<strong>(4)</strong>); // "{ value: 6, done: false }" +console.log(iterator.next(<strong>5</strong>)); // "{ value: 8, done: false }" +console.log(iterator.next()); // "{ value: undefined, done: true }"</pre> + +<h3 id="显式返回">显式返回</h3> + +<pre class="brush: js">function* yieldAndReturn() { + yield "Y"; + return "R";//显式返回处,可以观察到 done 也立即变为了 true + yield "unreachable";// 不会被执行了 +} + +var gen = yieldAndReturn() +console.log(gen.next()); // { value: "Y", done: false } +console.log(gen.next()); // { value: "R", done: true } +console.log(gen.next()); // { value: undefined, done: true }</pre> + +<h3 id="生成器函数不能当构造器使用">生成器函数不能当构造器使用</h3> + +<pre class="brush: js">function* f() {} +var obj = new f; // throws "TypeError: f is not a constructor"</pre> + +<h3 id="使用迭代器遍历二维数组并转换成一维数组:">使用迭代器遍历二维数组并转换成一维数组:</h3> + +<blockquote> +<pre class="brush: js">function* iterArr(arr) { //迭代器返回一个迭代器对象 + if (Array.isArray(arr)) { // 内节点 + for(let i=0; i < arr.length; i++) { + yield* iterArr(arr[i]); // (*)递归 + } + } else { // 离开 + yield arr; + } +} +// 使用 for-of 遍历: +var arr = ['a', ['b', 'c'], ['d', 'e']]; +for(var x of iterArr(arr)) { + console.log(x); // a b c d e + } + +// 或者直接将迭代器展开: +var arr = [ 'a', ['b',[ 'c', ['d', 'e']]]]; +var gen = iterArr(arr); +arr = [...gen]; // ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"]</pre> +</blockquote> + +<h2 id="规范">规范</h2> + +<table class="standard-table"> + <thead> + <tr> + <th scope="col">Specification</th> + <th scope="col">Status</th> + <th scope="col">Comment</th> + </tr> + </thead> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES2015', '#', 'function*')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES2015')}}</td> + <td>Initial definition.</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#', 'function*')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + </tbody> +</table> + +<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2> + +<div> + + +<p>{{Compat("javascript.statements.generator_function")}} </p> +</div> + +<h2 id="Firefox浏览器具体事项">Firefox浏览器具体事项</h2> + +<h4 id="Firefox_26之前的生成器和迭代器">Firefox 26之前的生成器和迭代器</h4> + +<p>旧版本的Firefox实施了旧版本的生成器提案。旧版中用普通的<code>function关键字定义</code>(没有星号).</p> + +<h4 id="IteratorResult不再抛出错误"><code>IteratorResult</code>不再抛出错误</h4> + +<p>从Gecko 29 {{geckoRelease(29)}}开始,完成的生成器函数不再抛出{{jsxref("TypeError")}} "generator has already finished". 而是返回一个<code>IteratorResult</code>对象:<span style="font-family: consolas,monaco,andale mono,monospace;">{ value: undefined, done: true }</span> ({{bug(958951)}})。</p> + +<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2> + +<ul> + <li>{{jsxref("Operators/function*", "function* expression")}}</li> + <li>{{jsxref("GeneratorFunction")}} object</li> + <li><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/The_Iterator_protocol">迭代器协议</a></li> + <li>{{jsxref("Operators/yield", "yield")}}</li> + <li>{{jsxref("Operators/yield*", "yield*")}}</li> + <li>{{jsxref("Function")}} object</li> + <li>{{jsxref("Statements/function", "function declaration")}}</li> + <li>{{jsxref("Operators/function", "function expression")}}</li> + <li>{{jsxref("Functions_and_function_scope", "Functions and function scope")}}</li> + <li>其他网络资源: + <ul> + <li><a href="http://facebook.github.io/regenerator/">Regenerator</a> an ES2015 generator compiler to ES5</li> + <li><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbKWsbJ76-s">Forbes Lindesay: Promises and Generators: control flow utopia -- JSConf EU 2013</a></li> + <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrgEZykBHVo&list=PLuoyIZT5fPlG44bPq50Wgh0INxykdrYX7&index=1">Hemanth.HM: The New gen of *gen(){}</a></li> + <li><a href="http://taskjs.org/">Task.js</a></li> + </ul> + </li> +</ul> |