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+---
+title: arguments.callee
+slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/arguments/callee
+translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/arguments/callee
+---
+<div>{{jsSidebar("Functions")}}</div>
+
+<p>The <strong><code>arguments.callee</code></strong> property contains the currently executing function.</p>
+
+<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
+
+<p><code>callee</code> is a property of the <code>arguments</code> object. It can be used to refer to the currently executing function inside the function body of that function. This is useful when the name of the function is unknown, such as within a function expression with no name (also called "anonymous functions").</p>
+
+<div class="warning"><strong>Warning:</strong> The 5th edition of ECMAScript (ES5) forbids use of <code>arguments.callee()</code> in <a href="/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Functions_and_function_scope/Strict_mode" title="/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Functions_and_function_scope/Strict_mode">strict mode</a>. Avoid using <code>arguments.callee()</code> by either giving function expressions a name or use a function declaration where a function must call itself.</div>
+
+<h3 id="Why_was_arguments.callee_removed_from_ES5_strict_mode">Why was <code>arguments.callee</code> removed from ES5 strict mode?</h3>
+
+<p>(adapted from <a href="http://stackoverflow.com/a/235760/578288" title="http://stackoverflow.com/a/235760/578288">a Stack Overflow answer by olliej</a>)</p>
+
+<p>Early versions of JavaScript did not allow named function expressions, and for this reason you could not make a recursive function expression.</p>
+
+<p>For example, this syntax worked:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function factorial (n) {
+    return !(n &gt; 1) ? 1 : factorial(n - 1) * n;
+}
+
+[1,2,3,4,5].map(factorial);</pre>
+
+<p>but:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">[1,2,3,4,5].map(function (n) {
+    return !(n &gt; 1) ? 1 : /* what goes here? */ (n - 1) * n;
+});</pre>
+
+<p>did not. To get around this <code>arguments.callee</code> was added so you could do</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">[1,2,3,4,5].map(function (n) {
+    return !(n &gt; 1) ? 1 : arguments.callee(n - 1) * n;
+});</pre>
+
+<p>However, this was actually a really bad solution as this (in conjunction with other <code>arguments</code>, <code>callee</code>, and <code>caller</code> issues) make inlining and tail recursion impossible in the general case (you can achieve it in select cases through tracing, etc., but even the best code is suboptimal due to checks that would not otherwise be necessary.) The other major issue is that the recursive call will get a different <code>this</code> value, e.g.:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">var global = this;
+
+var sillyFunction = function (recursed) {
+    if (!recursed) { return arguments.callee(true); }
+    if (this !== global) {
+        alert("This is: " + this);
+    } else {
+        alert("This is the global");
+    }
+}
+
+sillyFunction();</pre>
+
+<p>ECMAScript 3 resolved these issues by allowing named function expressions. For example:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">[1,2,3,4,5].map(function factorial (n) {
+    return !(n &gt; 1) ? 1 : factorial(n-1)*n;
+});</pre>
+
+<p>This has numerous benefits:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>the function can be called like any other from inside your code</li>
+ <li>it does not create a variable in the outer scope (<a href="http://kangax.github.io/nfe/#example_1_function_expression_identifier_leaks_into_an_enclosing_scope">except for IE 8 and below</a>)</li>
+ <li>it has better performance than accessing the arguments object</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Another feature that was deprecated was <code>arguments.callee.caller</code>, or more specifically <code>Function.caller</code>. Why is this? Well, at any point in time you can find the deepest caller of any function on the stack, and as I said above looking at the call stack has one single major effect: it makes a large number of optimizations impossible, or much much more difficult. For example, if you cannot guarantee that a function <code>f</code> will not call an unknown function, it is not possible to inline <code>f</code>. Basically it means that any call site that may have been trivially inlinable accumulates a large number of guards:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function f (a, b, c, d, e) { return a ? b * c : d * e; }</pre>
+
+<p>If the JavaScript interpreter cannot guarantee that all the provided arguments are numbers at the point that the call is made, it needs to either insert checks for all the arguments before the inlined code, or it cannot inline the function. Now in this particular case a smart interpreter should be able to rearrange the checks to be more optimal and not check any values that would not be used. However in many cases that's just not possible and therefore it becomes impossible to inline.</p>
+
+<h2 id="範例">範例</h2>
+
+<h3 id="Using_arguments.callee_in_an_anonymous_recursive_function">Using <code>arguments.callee</code> in an anonymous recursive function</h3>
+
+<p>A recursive function must be able to refer to itself. Typically, a function refers to itself by its name. However, an anonymous function (which can be created by a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/function" title="JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Special/function">function expression</a> or the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function" title="JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function"><code>Function</code> constructor</a>) does not have a name. Therefore if there is no accessible variable referring to it, the only way the function can refer to itself is by <code>arguments.callee</code>.</p>
+
+<p>The following example defines a function, which, in turn, defines and returns a factorial function. This example isn't very practical, and there are nearly no cases where the same result cannot be achieved with <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/function" title="JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Special/function">named function expressions</a>.</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function create() {
+   return function(n) {
+      if (n &lt;= 1)
+         return 1;
+      return n * arguments.callee(n - 1);
+   };
+}
+
+var result = create()(5); // returns 120 (5 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1)</pre>
+
+<h3 id="A_use_of_arguments.callee_with_no_good_alternative">A use of <code>arguments.callee</code> with no good alternative</h3>
+
+<p>However, in a case like the following, there are not alternatives to <code>arguments.callee</code>, so its deprecation could be a bug (see {{Bug("725398")}}):</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function createPerson (sIdentity) {
+    var oPerson = new Function("alert(arguments.callee.identity);");
+    oPerson.identity = sIdentity;
+    return oPerson;
+}
+
+var john = createPerson("John Smith");
+
+john();</pre>
+
+<h2 id="規範">規範</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+   <th scope="col">Status</th>
+   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES1')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES1')}}</td>
+   <td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.2</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-10.6', 'Arguments Object')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
+   <td> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-arguments-exotic-objects', 'Arguments Exotic Objects')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
+   <td> </td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-arguments-exotic-objects', 'Arguments Exotic Objects')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
+   <td> </td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="瀏覽器相容性">瀏覽器相容性</h2>
+
+<p>{{CompatibilityTable}}</p>
+
+<div id="compat-desktop">
+<table class="compat-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th>Feature</th>
+   <th>Chrome</th>
+   <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
+   <th>Internet Explorer</th>
+   <th>Opera</th>
+   <th>Safari</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>Basic support</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div id="compat-mobile">
+<table class="compat-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th>Feature</th>
+   <th>Android</th>
+   <th>Chrome for Android</th>
+   <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
+   <th>IE Mobile</th>
+   <th>Opera Mobile</th>
+   <th>Safari Mobile</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>Basic support</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<h2 id="參見">參見</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{jsxref("Function")}}</li>
+</ul>
diff --git a/files/zh-tw/web/javascript/reference/functions/arguments/index.html b/files/zh-tw/web/javascript/reference/functions/arguments/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b1d6a45a1
--- /dev/null
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+---
+title: Arguments 物件
+slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/arguments
+tags:
+  - Functions
+  - JavaScript
+  - Reference
+  - arguments
+translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/arguments
+---
+<div>
+<div>{{jsSidebar("Functions")}}</div>
+</div>
+
+<p><strong><code>arguments</code></strong> 物件是一個對應傳入函式之引數的類陣列（<code>Array-like</code>）物件。</p>
+
+<h2 id="語法">語法</h2>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox notranslate">arguments</pre>
+
+<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
+
+<div class="blockIndicator note">
+<p>Note: 如果你有在使用 ES6 語法，建議參考<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-TW/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters">其餘參數</a>。</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="blockIndicator note">
+<p>Note: 「類陣列 (Array-like)」 的意思是 <code>arguments</code> 一樣擁有 <code>length</code>這項屬性，以及從 0 開始的索引，但是它沒有陣列內建的方法像是 <code>forEach()</code> ，或是 <code>map()</code> 。</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The <code>arguments</code> object is a local variable available within all (non-arrow) functions. You can refer to a function's arguments within the function by using the <code>arguments</code> object. This object contains an entry for each argument passed to the function, the first entry's index starting at 0.</p>
+
+<p>For example, if a function is passed three arguments, you can refer to them as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">arguments[0]
+arguments[1]
+arguments[2]
+</pre>
+
+<p>arguments 也可以被指定：</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">arguments[1] = 'new value';</pre>
+
+<p><code>arguments</code> 物件不是陣列。它與陣列非常相似，但是它沒有除了 <code>length</code> 這個屬性以外的其他陣列屬性。舉例，它沒有 <code>pop</code> 這個陣列方法。</p>
+
+<p>然而，它依然可以被轉換為真正的陣列(Array)。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments);
+var args = [].slice.call(arguments);
+
+// ES2015
+const args = Array.from(arguments);
+</pre>
+
+<div class="warning">
+<p class="brush: js">Using slice on arguments prevents optimizations in some JavaScript engines (V8 for example - <a href="https://github.com/petkaantonov/bluebird/wiki/Optimization-killers#3-managing-arguments">more information</a>). If you care for them, try constructing a new array by iterating through the arguments object instead. An alternative would be to use the despised <code>Array</code> constructor as a function:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var args = (arguments.length === 1 ? [arguments[0]] : Array.apply(null, arguments));</pre>
+</div>
+
+<p>You can use the <code>arguments</code> object if you call a function with more arguments than it is formally declared to accept. This technique is useful for functions that can be passed a variable number of arguments. Use <code><a href="/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Functions_and_function_scope/arguments/length">arguments.length</a></code> to determine the number of arguments passed to the function, and then process each argument by using the <code>arguments</code> object. To determine the number of parameters in the function <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/Signature/Function">signature</a>, use the <code><a href="/en-US/docs/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function/length">Function.length</a></code> property.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Using_typeof_with_Arguments">Using <code>typeof</code> with Arguments</h3>
+
+<p>The typeof arguments returns 'object'. </p>
+
+<pre class="notranslate">console.log(typeof arguments); // 'object' </pre>
+
+<p>The typeof individual arguments can be determined with the use of indexing.</p>
+
+<pre class="notranslate">console.log(typeof arguments[0]); //this will return the typeof individual arguments.</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Using_the_Spread_Syntax_with_Arguments">Using the Spread Syntax with Arguments</h3>
+
+<p>You can also use the {{jsxref("Array.from()")}} method or the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Spread_operator">spread operator</a> to convert arguments to a real Array:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">var args = Array.from(arguments);
+var args = [...arguments];
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="屬性">屬性</h2>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/arguments/callee">arguments.callee</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>Reference to the currently executing function.</dd>
+ <dt><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/arguments/caller">arguments.caller</a></code> {{ Obsolete_inline() }}</dt>
+ <dd>Reference to the function that invoked the currently executing function.</dd>
+ <dt><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/arguments/length">arguments.length</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>Reference to the number of arguments passed to the function.</dd>
+ <dt><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/arguments/@@iterator">arguments[@@iterator]</a></code></dt>
+ <dd>Returns a new Array Iterator object that contains the values for each index in the arguments.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h2 id="範例">範例</h2>
+
+<h3 id="Defining_a_function_that_concatenates_several_strings">Defining a function that concatenates several strings</h3>
+
+<p>This example defines a function that concatenates several strings. The only formal argument for the function is a string that specifies the characters that separate the items to concatenate. The function is defined as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush:js notranslate">function myConcat(separator) {
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  return args.join(separator);
+}</pre>
+
+<p>You can pass any number of arguments to this function, and it creates a list using each argument as an item in the list.</p>
+
+<pre class="brush:js notranslate">// returns "red, orange, blue"
+myConcat(', ', 'red', 'orange', 'blue');
+
+// returns "elephant; giraffe; lion; cheetah"
+myConcat('; ', 'elephant', 'giraffe', 'lion', 'cheetah');
+
+// returns "sage. basil. oregano. pepper. parsley"
+myConcat('. ', 'sage', 'basil', 'oregano', 'pepper', 'parsley');</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Defining_a_function_that_creates_HTML_lists">Defining a function that creates HTML lists</h3>
+
+<p>This example defines a function that creates a string containing HTML for a list. The only formal argument for the function is a string that is "<code>u</code>" if the list is to be unordered (bulleted), or "<code>o</code>" if the list is to be ordered (numbered). The function is defined as follows:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush:js notranslate">function list(type) {
+  var result = '&lt;' + type + 'l&gt;&lt;li&gt;';
+  var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1);
+  result += args.join('&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;');
+  result += '&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/' + type + 'l&gt;'; // end list
+
+  return result;
+}</pre>
+
+<p>You can pass any number of arguments to this function, and it adds each argument as an item to a list of the type indicated. For example:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush:js notranslate">var listHTML = list('u', 'One', 'Two', 'Three');
+
+/* listHTML is:
+
+"&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;One&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Two&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Three&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;"
+
+*/</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Rest_default_and_destructured_parameters">Rest, default, and destructured parameters</h3>
+
+<p>The <code>arguments</code> object can be used in conjunction with <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters">rest</a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Default_parameters">default</a>, and <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment">destructured</a> parameters.</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function foo(...args) {
+  return args;
+}
+foo(1, 2, 3); // [1,2,3]
+</pre>
+
+<p>While the presence of <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters">rest</a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Default_parameters">default</a>, or <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment">destructured</a> parameters does not alter the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Strict_mode#Making_eval_and_arguments_simpler">behavior of the <code>arguments</code> object in strict mode code</a>, there is a subtle difference for non-strict code.</p>
+
+<p>When a non-strict function <strong><strong>does </strong>not</strong> contain <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters">rest</a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Default_parameters">default</a>, or <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment">destructured</a> parameters, then the values in the <code>arguments</code> object <strong>do</strong> track the values of the arguments (and vice versa). See the code below:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function func(a) {
+  arguments[0] = 99; // updating arguments[0] also updates a
+  console.log(a);
+}
+func(10); // 99
+</pre>
+
+<p>and</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function func(a) {
+  a = 99; // updating a also updates arguments[0]
+  console.log(arguments[0]);
+}
+func(10); // 99
+</pre>
+
+<p>When a non-strict function <strong>does</strong> contain <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/rest_parameters">rest</a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Default_parameters">default</a>, or <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Destructuring_assignment">destructured</a> parameters, then the values in the <code>arguments</code> object <strong>do not</strong> track the values of the arguments (and vice versa). Instead, they reflect the arguments provided at the time of invocation:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function func(a = 55) {
+  arguments[0] = 99; // updating arguments[0] does not also update a
+  console.log(a);
+}
+func(10); // 10</pre>
+
+<p>and</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function func(a = 55) {
+  a = 99; // updating a does not also update arguments[0]
+  console.log(arguments[0]);
+}
+func(10); // 10
+</pre>
+
+<p>and</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate">function func(a = 55) {
+  console.log(arguments[0]);
+}
+func(); // undefined</pre>
+
+<h2 id="規範">規範</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+   <th scope="col">Status</th>
+   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES1')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES1')}}</td>
+   <td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.1</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-10.6', 'Arguments Object')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES2015', '#sec-arguments-exotic-objects', 'Arguments Exotic Objects')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES2015')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-arguments-exotic-objects', 'Arguments Exotic Objects')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="瀏覽器相容性">瀏覽器相容性</h2>
+
+
+
+<p>{{Compat("javascript.functions.arguments")}}</p>
+
+<h2 id="參見">參見</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{jsxref("Function")}}</li>
+</ul>